Initial Environmental Examination Lalit Ghumti Road (Upgrading) … · Initial Environmental...

Initial Environmental Examination

Lalit Ghumti Road (Upgrading) August 2017

NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project

Prepared by District Coordination Committee (Lalitpur)- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Environmental Assessment Document

The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Lalit Ghumti Road (Upgrading)

August 2017

NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Loan: 3260 Project Number: 49215-001

Prepared by the Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

This Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page i

sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z

k|:tfjs

of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf–! -tTsflng uf]bfdrf}/ uf=lj=;_ sf] la;ªv'gf/fo0f :s"n b]lv uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf–$ -tTsflng al8v]n uf=lj=;_ sf] n]n]e~HofË hf]8\g] !$=(*! ls=dL= nfdf] x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8s k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf ug{ tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/, ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu (DoLIDAR) cGt/u{t Uf|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf cfof]hgf bf];|f] r/0fn] k|:tfljt pQm ;8ssf] k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . pQm ;8ssf] sfo{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L lhNnfdf tTsflng lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, nlntk'/ -xfn lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, nlntk'/_ ePsf]n] nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pk–cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] k|:tfjs klg tTsflng lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, nlntk'/ -xfn lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, nlntk'/_ xf] .

k[i7e"dL

xfn g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nfufgLdf u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf bf];|f] r/0f (RRRDSP) sof{Gjog e} /x]sf] 5 . h'g @)!# df u|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]hgf (RRRDSP) sf] bft[ lgsfosf] ;+nUgtfdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] lyof] / o; sfo{s|dsf] ;kmntf kZrft\ bf]>f] r/0fsf] sfo{qmdsf] tof/Lsf] r/0f s|ddf of] k|:tfj tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . bf]>f] r/0fsf] sfo{s|d @) lhNnfnfO{ ;8s ;~hfn lj:tf/ ug{ pb]Zosf ;fy ;~rfng ul/g nfluPsf] 5 .

k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] cf}lrTo

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ -cg';"rL !_ cg';f/ lhNnf ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ug{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . of] cWoog k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfno sf] @)&!÷)!÷@( sf] ;rLj :t/Lo lg0f{o cg';f/ :jLs[t sfo{;"rL (ToR) sf] cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . sfo{;"rLdf o:sf] nDafO @% ls= dL= /x]sf] 5 h'g k|f/lDes ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . t/ xfn !$=(*! ls=dL= ;8s dfq k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf x'g] ePsf]n] ;f]lx cg';f/ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg agfOPsf] 5 .

k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] p2]Zox?

k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo pkcfof]hgf If]qsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx? kQf nufpg'sf ;fy} :ynut jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjsf] Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? / ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? af/] ;'emfj lbg' tyf jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' /x]sf] 5 .

cWog k|s[of

@)&!÷)$÷#) b]lv ul/Psf] :ynut e|d0f tyf ;j]{If0fjf6 lnOPsf tYofÍ tyf cGo pknAw tYofÍx? s]nfP/ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjx? lbOPsf 5g\ .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page ii

k|:tfjsf] ;fGble{stf

Uf|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf cfof]hgf bf];|f] r/0f (RRRSDP) n] o; ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . o; ;8ssf] k'g{:yfkgf tyf k'glgdf{0f af6 nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] k"j{ / pQ/ efusf dflg;x?sf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd tyf b]zsf cGo efu;Fu ef}lts tyf cfly{s kx'Frdf ;xh x'g hfg]5 .

cfof]hgfsf] ljBdfg jftfj/0fLo cj:yf

k|:tfljt nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8ssf] ?kdf :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu k'g{:yfkgf tyf k'glgdf{0f ug{ k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ ^=@% ld= / hDdf nDafO{ !$=(*! ls=dL=Pj+ ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut g]=? $@$,(*(,#%$=)& /x]sf] 5 h;df OlGhlgol/ª nfut g]=? @**,&(),$*&=!) /x]sf] 5 .

of] ;8s ;d'b|L ;txb]lv !,$)# dL= sf] prfO{ -la;ªv'gf/fo0f :s"n_ af6 z'? eP/ ;dG'b|L ;txb]lv

!,%$) dL= prfOdf /x]sf] n]n]e~HofËdf 6+'luG5 . o; If]qsf] clwstd tfkqmd udL{ dlxgfdf @@=&º ;]

/ Go"gtd tfkqmd hf8f] dlxgfdf !!=&º ;]N;Lo; /x]sf] 5 eg] cf};t jflif{s jiff{ !@(%=^% ld=ld= /x]sf]

5 . of] ;8s lghL hUuf tyf ;fj{hlgs hUuf eP/ hfG5 . ;8s lgdf{0fjf6 @=## x] -gofF s6fg_ lghL hUuf af6 / $=#^ x] -gofF s6fg_ ;fj{hlgs hUufaf6 gf]S;fgL eO{ ;8sdf kl/alt{t x'g]5 .

cfof]hgf If]qsf] d'Vo ?v k|hfltx¿df pQL;, asfOgf], lkkn, cf]v/, kFo', c;f/] km"n, af;, enfof], lrnfpg], kmnf6, sfkmn, s6';, nK;L, cfFk, vGo', g;kftL, cf?, cu]/L, xf8L jo/ / ;Nnf /x]sf] 5 eg] :tg wf/L hgjf/x¿df :ofn, afb/, Gofp/L d';f cflb kfpF5g\ . k|:tfljt ;8s s'g} klg ;+/lIft If]q tyf dWojtL{ If]qdf leq gkg]{ b]lvG5 .

k|efljt uf]bfa/L gu/kflnsfdf % j6f j:tLx?df s'n hg;+Vof @),%#@ 3/ w'/Ldf $,&%& /x]sf] 5 . oL j:tLx? uf]bfdrf}/, laz+v'gf/fo0f, uf]bfa/L, lsltgL / al8v]n x'g\ . pQm uflj;df (,(** k'?if ;fIf/ 5g\ eg] !),%$$ dlxnf /x]sf] b]lvG5 h;df ;/b/ kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] cg'kft $=#% /x]sf] kfOG5 . ljleGg hfthfltx? If]qL, afXd0f, tfdfªx? cflb a;f]af; /x]sf] kfOG5 .

;sf/fTds k|efjx?

oftfoft ;'ljwf ljsf;sf] ax'cfolds kmfObfx? /xg]5g\ . cfof]hgfaf6 tTsfn} x'g] nfedf :yfgLo hg;d'bfodf /f]huf/Lsf] >[hgf ub{5 . cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu !%,%@( hgf bIf / %#,*@@ hgf cbIf >dzlQmsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o; r/0fdf x'g] cGo nfex/mdf Jofkf/sf] a[l4, pkcfof]hgfn] k|bfg u/]sf] zLkd'ns tyf hgr]tgfd'ns tflndsf] cj;/ kb{5g\ .

;8ssf] ;+rfngsf] cj:yfdf To; If]qdf vfBfgsf] cfk"lt{df ;'wf/ eO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs :yfoLTj a9\g hfg]5 . ;fy} ;8s oftfoftn] ubf{ u|fdL0f e]ujf6 ahf/ If]q / ahf/ If]qjf6 u|fdL0f e]udf ;]jf tyf ;fdfgx?sf] cf];f/ k;f/ l56f], 5l/tf], ;'ne tyf ;:tf] x'g hfg]5 . uf]bfdrf}/ / al8v]n h:tf If]qdf ahf/ ljsf; eO{ oxfFsf afl;Gbfx?sf] hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ x'g hfg] ;Defjgf 5 . o;sf ;fy} ahf/ If]qsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ hUufsf] d"Nodf ;d]t j[l4 x'g hfg]5 .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page iii

gsf/fTds k|efjx?

;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ ef}lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjx?df e":jfdLTjsf] k|of]udf jbnfj, r/0f, jfo' tyf kfgLdf k|b"if0f, vg]sf] df6f] hyfefjL kmflnbf kg]{ k|efjx? d'Vo 5g\ . o;} k|sf/ h}ljs k|efj cGtu{t yk )=$#* x]= jg gf]S;fgL x'g'sf] ;fy} jGohGt'sf] a;f]jf;df cK7\of/f] kg{ hfg]5 . o;sf ;fy} ;fd'bflos jg, wfld{s jg, /fli6«o jg af6 @!& / lghL hUufaf6 &^ u/L hDdf @(# ?v x6fOg]5g\ .

cfof]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{af6 !@$ j6f JolQmut k"jf{wf/ tyf ^ j6f ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ x6fpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .

;8s ;~rfngsf] r/0fdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfjudgaf6, jiff{ofdsf] kfgLaf6 jf ?v lj/mjf sf6\bf cl:y/tf a9\g uO{ e"Io x'g ;Sg]5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] a[l4n] w'nf] tyf WjgL k|b'if0f a9\g]5 .

;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfo

7]s]bf/ / sfdbf/sf nflu ljleGg jftfj/0fLo tyf hgr]tgf d"ns tflndx? -cfo cfh{g, OlGhlgol/u+ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf h}ljs k|ljlwsf sfd ;DaGwL_ lbO{g] 5g\ . ;8s lgdf{0fsf s|ddf sDtLdf @)% dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ul/G5 .

gsf/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox?

le/fnf] hldgnfO Aoa:yfkg ug{ jfof]OlGhgLol/Ë -h}ljs_ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 / To;}u/L tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf df6f] kmfNg] sfd ul/g] 5 . 6]jf kvf{n nufO{ df6f] pTvgg\ / kmfNg] sfo{nfO Aoa:yfkg ul/g] 5 . ;8sdf k/]sf] hUuf tyf cGo ;+/rgf, ;Dkltsf] k|fKtL tyf Ifltk"lt{ ;DjlGw s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\g 5'§} k'g{jf; of]hgf agfO{Psf] 5 . sfdbf/x?nfO{ sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ ;'/Iffsf ;fwgx? -x]Nd]6, df:s, dkmN;_ lbO{g] 5 / sfdbf/sf] nflu vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ tyf c:yfO{ vfN6] rkL{ x? agfOg] 5g\ . ;fy]} kfgLsf] >f]tdf vlgPsf] df6f] kmflng] 5}g . sfdbf/x?sf] nflu cf}ifwL tyf b'3{6gf aLdfsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .

;8s lgdf{0fsf] nfuL jg If]q k|of]hg ug{ lhNnf jg sfof{no -lh=j=sf=_ af6 l:js[tL lng' kg]{ 5 . o;} k|sf/, ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ :j?k %,$@% ?vx? -!M@% sf] cg'kftdf_ j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]u -;fd'bflos jgnfO{ cg'dflgt nfut g]?= **(,(&!=)) ;fy} :yfgLo jfl;GbfnfO{ &^ ?vx? !M! sf] cg'kftdf -cg'dflgt nfut g]? %,!^)=$) j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ ;xof]u lbOg]5 . ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]uj[Iff/f]k0f ug{ ;xof]u lbOg]5 .

o;} u/L JolQmut k"jf{wf/sf] Ifltk"lt :j?k g]? !*,*^!,*%@=%& tyf ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/sf] Ifltk"lt :j?k g]? ^,((#,&$!=*( lbOg]5 .

;fj{hlgs k/fdz{ tyf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{

k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f P]g @)%#, jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ sf] cg';f/ !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf cfly{s cleofg b}lgsdf lj=;+= @)&!. )#. @% df k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt uf= la= ;=, gu/kflnsf, lh=j=sf=, tTsflng lh=lj=;=, ljBfno, :jf:y rf}sL tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf AolQm jf ;+:yfx?af6 /fo ;'´fa ;+sngsf] nfuL k|sfzLt u/l/Psf] lyof] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f agfpg] ;dodf ;8s lgdf{0f glhssf j:tLx?df, lzIfs tyf cGo

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page iv

:yfgLo AolStx?;Fu k|:tfjLt pkcfof]hgfaf6 kg{ hfg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds c;/ jf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;fj{hlgs 5nkmn u/LPsf] lyof] .

o;}sf] cfwf/df k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;lxt g]kfnL sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z, ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? tyf gs/fTds k|efj Go'gLs/0f pkfox? / jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf ;dfj]z u/L /fo ;'´fjsf] nfuL ;fj{hlgs ul/of] . o;}u/L ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 cfPsf] /fo ;'´fj ;dfj]z u/L k|fl/Des jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg :jLs[tLsf] nfuL k7fOPsf] 5 . l:js[t k|ltj]bg ;/f]sf/jfnf / cGo AolQm jf ;+:yfx?sf] kx'rsf] nfuL nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldtLsf] ;'rgf s]Gb|, ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu (DoLIDAR) / Uf|fdL0f k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf cfof]hgf (RRRSDP) sf] j]e;fO6df /flvg]5 .

jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf (Environmental Management Plan)

o; k|ltj]bgdf jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf cGtu{t cfof]hgfaf6 kg]{ ;+efljt c;/x?, c;/x?sf] k|efj, Go"lgs/0f ljlw, cg'udg ljlw tyf sfo{tflnsf k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox?sf] tyf cg'udg sfo{sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . cg'udgsf nflu cfjZos ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs–cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0fsf ljleGGf cg'udg ;'rfÍx?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;d:6Lut ?kdf cfof]hgf :t/sf] cg'udg /fli6«o k'glgdf{0f k|flws/0f, dGqfnosf] jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg zfvfaf6 x'g]5 eg] pkcfof]hgf :t/sf] cg'udg k|To]s lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{Gjog zfvfdf /x]sf] jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff sIf (Environmental Safeguard Desk) af6 x'g]5 . jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfo{fGjog ug{ hDdf g]=? !^!,*#*,&#*=@( vr{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . h;dWo] ? !^),!)#,^)^=%$ l;len nfutdf ;dfj]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjx?

nlnt 3'DtL ;8s -uf]bfdrf}/–uf]bfj/L–al8v]n–n]n]e~HofË ;8s v08_ pk–cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgn] ;sf/fTds k|efjx? gsf/fTds k|efjsf] t'ngfdf j9L dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg] / gsf/fTds k|efjx? Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;lsg] s'/f b]vfpF5 . of] ;8s pkcfof]hgfsf] l:js[ltsf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f kof{Kt /x]sf] 5 . k|efjx?sf] Go"lgs/0f / ;+nUg jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjog u/L k|:tfljt pkcfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ul/G5 .

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page v

Executive Summary (English)

Proponent

This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report has been prepared for the rehabilitation

and reconstruction of 14.981 km long all weather district road connecting of

Bisankhunarayan School of Godavari Municipality-1 (then Godamchaur VDC) and

Lelebhanjyang of Godavari Municipality-4 (then Badikhel VDC) in Lalitur district. Rural

Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, (RRRSDP) under Ministry

of Federal Affairs and Local Development, Department of Local Infrastructure Development

and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR) is rehabilitating and reconstructing this road. The

District Coordination Committee (DCC), then DDC is the implementing agency at the district

level and the proponent of the IEE study for the Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari

- Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) sub-project.

Background

The Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, (RRRSDP)

phase 2 is a proposed follow-on program of previous RRRSDP under government of Nepal,

the donor funded activities of which was successfully completed in June 2013. Having

rewarding achievements, the Government of Nepal is planning to carry over the program

into another phase. 2nd phase was conducted for extending the road facility to 20 districts.

Rationale of the IEE

An IEE is a legal requirement as per the provision of Schedule 1 of Environment Protection

Rules (EPR) and of Environment Protection Acts (EPA). This IEE report is prepared based

on the Terms of Reference (ToR) approved on 12/05/2014A.D by the Secretary level

decision of the Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD). The Length of

Road in approved ToR was 25 km on the basis of initial survey. However, the implementing

lengh of road is14.981 and IEE report has been prepared accordinlgy. Thus, final IEE report

was submitted to Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD) for approval.

Objectives of the IEE study

The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio-

economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area. It also recommend practical and

site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare and implement

environmental management plan for the sub-project.

Study Methodology

The findings and conclusions of the initial environmental examination report are based on

the analysis of the information collected in the field from 15-August-2014 AD by undertaking

a walk-through environmental survey along the proposed route and secondary information

supplemented by the social and technical teams working on the resettlement survey and

detail survey.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page vi

Relevancy of the Proposal

The proposed road is under construction of RRRSDP phase II. The reconstruction and

rehabilitation of this road will provide physical and economical accesses to the people of

north and east part to district headquarters and other parts of the country.

Description of the Project and its Environment

The proposed Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road

section) is a district road and has been proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction of all

time weather road. The road formation width is 6.25 m and total length of this road is

14.981 km with total project work cost is NRs. 424,989,354.07 of which NRs

288,790,487.10 is civil cost.

The elevation of road ranges from 1,403 masl at (Bisankhunarayan School) to 1,540 masl

at Lelebhanjyang. This sub-project has maximum summer temperature is 22.70C and

minimumwinter temperature 11.70C respectively. The average annual rainfall in the district

is 1,295.65 mm. The road passes through private and public land area. From the private

land 2.33 ha (new cutting) and 4.36 ha (new cutting) public land will be converted to the

road built up area.

The major tree vegetation in the project vicinity are Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Bakaino (Melia

azaderach), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Okhar (Juglans regia), Painu ((Prunus cerasoides),

Aasare phool (Lagerstroemiasps.), Bamboo (Bambusa sps), Bhalayo, Chilaune (Schima

wallichii), Phalat (Quercus lineate), Kafal (Myrica esculanta), Katus (Castanopsis indica),

Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris), Mango (Magnifera Indica) Kainyu (Wendlandia puberula),

Naspati (Pyrus communis), Aaru (Prunus persica), Aangari (Melastoma melabathricum),

Hadibayer (Zizyphus incurva, Salla (Pinus roxburghii) etc. Jackal (Canis aureus), Rhesus

Monkey (Macaca mulatta), Nyauri Musa (Herpestes edwardsii) are the wild animals

reported in the proposed road area. The road does not fall under any protected or buffer

zone area.

The total populations residing in the 5 project VDCs are 20,532 in 4,757 Households. The

settlements are Godamchaur, Bisankhunarayan, Godavari, Kitini and Badikhel. In these

VDCs, male population is 9,988 and female population is 10,544 with an average

household size of 4.35. Different caste like Chhetri, Brahmin, Tamang resides in this sub

project.

Beneficial Impacts

Transporatation facility benefits local people in various aspects. The immediate beneficial

impacts from road development during the construction phase are employment opportunity

(15,529 skilled and 53,822 unskilled person days). Other beneficial impacts include

enhancement of local business, development in skills of affected people from skill

developing training, awareness raising training and involvement in the construction of the

project.

During operation stage, an improved road access will bring an improvement of food security

situation and overall economic and social stability. The road will also provide cheap, safe

and fast transport of goods and services from rural areas to urban centers and vice versa.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page vii

There is a possibility of increased economic opportunities and significant growth and

extension of the local markets like Godamchaur, Badikhel. In addition, construction of road

will lead to appreciation of land values particularly near the market and settlement areas.

Adverse Impacts

The physical adverse impacts during construction of the road will be due to change in land

ownership, air, dust and water pollution and hapzard spoil disposal. Similarly, biological

impacts during construction will be loss of additional 0.438 ha forest area and disturbance

to wildlife and bird habitat. Total of 293 trees, 217 from CFs, NF and RF and 76 trees from

private land will be cleared.

During the construction of sub-project, 124 private infrastructures and 6 public

infrastructures need to be removed.

During operation stage, vehicular movement, monsoon rain, grazing of animals and cutting

of trees on the unstable slopes might result in slope instability and hence erosion and

landslides might occur. Vehicular emissions will result in air and noise pollution.

Benefit Augmentation Measures

Life skill training such as income generation activities, construction of soft engineering

structures and bioengineering works for workers and contractors will be conducted.

Awareness rising and environmental awareness trainings will be provided. More emphasis

will be given to women workers as at least 20% workers should be women.

Mitigation Measures

Bioengineering will be done to stabilize slopes and spoils will be disposed in identified spoil

disposal sites. There is provision of toe walls for balancing cut and fill volume. for the

private infrastructures compensation of NRs 18,861,852.57 and for the public

infrastructures compensation of NRs 6,993,741.89 will be provided however a separate

Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared to address land and property acquisition as well

as compensation issues. The construction of road will be based on Contract. Affected

families will be given high priority for employment and skill development trainings. The

workers will be provided with helmets, masks, muffles depending on the nature of the

construction work. Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be constructed and

disposal of excavated materials in the water bodies will be avoided. Workers will be

provided with medicines and group accidental insurance facility.

Forestry clearance approval will be obtained from the District Forest Office (DFO) in order

to fell tree from the construction site. CFUGs will be provided support through DFO for the

compensatory plantation of 5,425 seedlings at the ratio of 1:25 compensation trees) and

protection for 5 years (with estimated cost of NRs 889,971.00) in their CFs, RF and NF.

Similarly, plantation of 76 trees (estimated cost is NRs 5,160.40) will be done in private

lands (at the ratio of 1:1).

During operation stage, minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and

slope restored with appropriate technology. Appropriate sign boards will be erected

informing drivers about prohibition of blowing horns in the forest areas and potential areas

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page viii

for wildlife crossing. For developing managed settlement, awareness programs will be

conducted. Appropriate road safety measures will be applied.

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

In order to prepare the IEE of Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel -

Lelebhanjyang road section) sub-project, 15 days public notice was published on

09/07/2014 A.D in Arthik Abhiyan daily newspaper seeking written opinions from concerned

Municipality (then VDCs), DCC (then DDC), DFO, CFUGs, schools, health posts and

related local organizations. Public consultation was done with the local people living near

the road, teachers and local leaders during the preparation of IEE report. Similarly,

meetings were held with the local community in order to aware them of incoming road sub-

project and to identify the possible beneficial and adverse impacts due to this sub-project.

IEE report along with executive summary, identified impacts, recommended benefit

augmentation and mitigation measures and EMP was prepared in Nepali language for

public disclosure. Likewise, after the incorporation of comments from MoFALD, final IEE

report has been sent for approval. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested

parties and the general public through the information center of Lalitpur DCC and websites

of MoFALD and RRRSDP.

Environmental Management Plan

An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed with present report

including issues identified, possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation and

monitoring method and schedule. Different monitoring indicators on physical, biological,

socio-economic and cultural environment have also identified. Overall project level

monitoring will be conducted through the environmental management section (EMS) of

MoFALD whereas the sub-project level monitoring will be arranged through safeguard desk

in each DTO. For theimplementation of EMP, total amount of NRS 161,838,738.29 has

been proposed. Out of which NRs 160,103,606.54 has been included in civil work cost

already.

Conclusion and Recommendation

The IEE study of the proposed Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel -

Lelebhanjyang road section) sub-project reveals that the benefits from the implementation

of the proposed road project are more significant and long term in nature against the

adverse impacts most of which could be mitigated or avoided. Therefore, this IEE is

sufficient for approval of the proposed road sub-project. This sub-project is recommended

for the implementation with the incorporation of mitigation measures and environmental

management.

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page ix

ABBREVIATIONS

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

AP Affected Person

CBS Central Bureau of Statistics

CDC Compensation Determination Committee

CDO Chief District Officer

CF Community Forest

CFUG Community Forest Users Group

Ch Chainage

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild

Fauna and Flora

CR Critically Endangered

dB (A) Decibel (A)

DIA Direct Impact Area

DFO District Forest Office/Officer

DoLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads

DOR Department of Road

DPR Detail Project Report

DRCN District Road Core Network

DTO District Technical Office

DoLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Road

DTICC District Transport Infrastructure Coordination Committee

EA Executing Agency

EFLG Environment Friendly Local Government Framework

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMG Environmental Management Guidelines

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EMS Environment Management Setion

EN Endangered

EPA Environment Protection Act

EPR Environment Protection Rules

ERMC Environment and Resource Management Centre

ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework

FGD Focus Group Discussion

GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion

GHG Green House Gases

GO/NGO Governmental Organization/ Non-Governmental Organization

GoN Government of Nepal

Ha Hectare

Hh Household

GIS Geographical Information System

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

IIA Indirect Impact Area

ILO International Labour Organization

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature

KII Key Informants Interview

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page x

LAC Local Area Committee

LC Least Concern

LDO Local Development Officer

LR/nt Lower Risk/Near Threatened

MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development

MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation

MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment

NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action

NCB National Competitive Bidding

NRs Nepali Rupees

NTFPs Non Timber Forest Products

PCU Project Coordination Unit

RoW Right of Way

RRRSDP Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program

RP Resettlement Plan

ToR Terms of Reference

VDC Village Development Committee

ZoI Zone of Influence

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xi

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Name and Address of Proponent........................................................................... 1

1.2 The Consultant ...................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Background ........................................................................................................... 1

1.4 Rationality of Conducting IEE Study ...................................................................... 2

1.5 Objectives of the IEE ............................................................................................. 2

2. Nepal’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project .............. 4

3. Methodology Adopted ............................................................................................... 9

3.1 Desk Review ....................................................................................................... 10

3.1.1 Collection and Review of Secondary Sources of Information from Various

Sources 10

3.2 Project Area Delineation ...................................................................................... 10

3.3 Field Survey ........................................................................................................ 10

3.3.1 Initial Interaction and Consultation with the Local Community ...................... 11

3.3.2 Public Consultation ....................................................................................... 11

3.4 Compilation of Existing Information, Impact Identification and Prediction ............. 12

3.5 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plan ............................................................ 13

3.6 Information Disclosure ......................................................................................... 13

4. Description of the Project ....................................................................................... 14

4.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project ............................................................................... 14

4.2 Location and Access ........................................................................................... 14

4.3 Salient Features of the Project ............................................................................ 17

4.4 Components and Activities .................................................................................. 18

4.4.1 Construction Approach ................................................................................. 18

4.4.2 Construction Materials Required .................................................................. 19

4.5 Implementation Schedule .................................................................................... 19

4.6 Human Resource ................................................................................................ 19

4.7 Land Requirement ............................................................................................... 19

4.8 Cost ..................................................................................................................... 20

5. Description of the Existing Environment ............................................................... 21

5.1 Physical Environment .......................................................................................... 21

5.1.1 Topography .................................................................................................. 21

5.1.2 Land Use ...................................................................................................... 22

5.1.3 Geology and Soil .......................................................................................... 22

5.1.4 Climate and Meteorology .............................................................................. 25

5.1.5 Air, Water and Noise quality ......................................................................... 25

5.2 Drainage and Hydrology ...................................................................................... 26

5.3 Stability and Landslides ....................................................................................... 26

5.3.1 Seismicity ..................................................................................................... 27

5.4 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 27

5.4.1 Vegetation and Forest .................................................................................. 27

5.4.2 Faunal Diversity ............................................................................................ 29

5.4.3 Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species ...................................... 29

5.4.4 Agro Diversity ............................................................................................... 30

5.5 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment .......................................................... 30

5.5.1 District Context ............................................................................................. 30

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xii

5.5.2 Demographic Characteristics ........................................................................ 31

5.5.3 Caste Ethnicity ............................................................................................. 32

5.5.4 Mother Tongue ............................................................................................. 33

5.5.5 Literacy Status.............................................................................................. 33

5.5.6 Energy Usage .............................................................................................. 34

5.5.7 Drinking Water.............................................................................................. 35

5.5.8 Toilet ............................................................................................................ 35

5.5.9 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households ......................... 36

5.6 Status due to Earthquake .................................................................................... 37

6. Anticipated Environmental Impacts ....................................................................... 39

6.1 Beneficial Impact ................................................................................................. 39

6.1.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues ............................................................. 39

6.2 Adverse Impacts .................................................................................................. 42

6.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts .......................................................... 42

6.2.2 Physical Issues............................................................................................. 46

6.2.3 Biological Issues ........................................................................................... 49

7. Alternative Analysis ................................................................................................. 51

7.1 No Action Option ................................................................................................. 51

7.2 Proposal Alternatives ........................................................................................... 51

7.3 Alternative Design and Construction Approach .................................................... 51

7.4 Alternative Schedule............................................................................................ 51

7.5 Alternative Resources ......................................................................................... 52

7.6 No Forest Alternative ........................................................................................... 52

8. Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measure ...................................................... 53

8.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase ............................................ 53

8.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design ......................................................................... 53

8.2 Benefit Augmentation Measures .......................................................................... 53

8.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues ............................................................. 53

8.3 Adverse Issues/Impacts Mitigation Measures ...................................................... 55

8.3.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts Mitigation Measures .......................... 55

8.3.2 Physical Issues............................................................................................. 58

8.3.3 Biological Issues ........................................................................................... 60

9. Environmental Management Plan ........................................................................... 62

9.1 Institutions and Their Roles ................................................................................. 62

9.2 Implementation of benefit augmentation and mitigation measures....................... 64

9.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities .............................................. 74

9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal ................................... 74

9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring ...................................................................................... 75

9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring ................................................................................. 75

9.4.3 Impact Monitoring ......................................................................................... 75

9.4.4 Monitoring Parameters ................................................................................. 76

9.4.5 Monitoring Indicators .................................................................................... 77

9.5 Monitoring Indicators ........................................................................................... 77

9.5.1 Monitoring Activities and Methods ................................................................ 78

9.6 Summary Cost for Environment Mitigation Cost .................................................. 84

10. Conclusion and Recommendation ......................................................................... 86

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xiii

List of Tables

Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDC of Lalitpur District ................................................... 2

Table 2: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines .................................. 4

Table 3: Categories of Several Project Affected Areas ...................................................... 10

Table 4: Summary of Meeting Minutes .............................................................................. 11

Table 5: Salient Feature of the Sub-project........................................................................ 17

Table 6: Sub-project Implementation Schedule ................................................................. 19

Table 7: Soil Classification ................................................................................................. 25

Table 8: Temperature, Rainfall and Humidity Data of Khokana Station, Lalitpur (2010) ..... 25

Table 9: Yearly Rainfall of Godavari Station, Lalitpur (2010) .............................................. 25

Table 10: Slope Condition and Aspect throughout the Sub-project .................................... 27

Table 11 : Forest along the Road ...................................................................................... 28

Table 12: Presence of Faunal species In and Around the Proposed Site ........................... 29

Table 13: List of Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species ................................. 29

Table 14: Vegetables, Fruits and Cereal Crops in the Area ............................................... 30

Table 15: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs ........................................... 31

Table 16: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs ........................................... 31

Table 17: Caste/Ethnic Composition – Project District and then Project VDCs .................. 32

Table 18: Mother Tongue Composition of then Project VDCs ............................................ 33

Table 19: Literacy Rate of then Project VDCs ................................................................... 33

Table 20: Population Years of Age 5-25 and Over By Status of School Attendance in the

Project VDCs ..................................................................................................................... 34

Table 21: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs ................................................................... 34

Table 22: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs ................................................................... 35

Table 23: Water Supply Sources of then Project VDCs ..................................................... 35

Table 24: Toilet Facilities - Project VDCs ........................................................................... 36

Table 25 : Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project ....................................... 36

Table 26: Institutions and Their Roles ................................................................................ 62

Table 27: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Proposed Enhancement Measures .................... 64

Table 28: Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures ........................................ 66

Table 29: Selected Monitoring Indicators for this IEE Study ............................................... 77

Table 30: Compliance Monitoring for the proposed project ................................................ 79

Table 31: Impacts/ Effects Monitoring for the Proposed Project ........................................ 81

Table 32 : Environmental Monitoring Cost ......................................................................... 84

Table 33: Cost Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures .......... 84

List of Figures

Figure 1: Study Approach & Design ..................................................................................... 9

Figure 2: Location Map of Project Site……………..………………………………………….. .15

Figure 3: Topographic Map of Project Site ......................................................................... 16

Figure 4: Google Location Map .......................................................................................... 17

Figure 5: Hillshade Map of Project Area ............................................................................ 21

Figure 6: Land use Map of the Proposed Road within 100m from Centerline ..................... 22

Figure 7: Regional Geological Map of Chandragiri Area (DMG, 1987) ............................... 23

Figure 8: Stereographic Projection of the Rock Mass along Road Section......................... 24

Figure 9: Drainage Map of the Project Area ....................................................................... 26

Figure 10: Earthquake Affected Districts ............................................................................ 37

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page xiv

Figure 11: Earthquake affected water sources ................................................................... 38

Figure 12: Earthquake affected Toilet facilities .................................................................. 38

Figure 13: Environnemental Management Organisation Structure ..................................... 63

Annexes

Annex I: Approved ToR for IEE Study ................................................................................ 88

Annex II : Project Cost ..................................................................................................... 133

Annex III: Public Notice.................................................................................................... 143

Annex IV : Deed of Inquiry (Muchulka) ............................................................................ 145

Annex V : Recommendation Letter .................................................................................. 156

Annex VI: Meeting Minutes with Local People ................................................................. 166

Annex VII: Trees to be Cut down ..................................................................................... 169

Annex VIII : Details on Structure Compensation Estimation ............................................. 197

Annex IX: Photographs .................................................................................................... 201

IEE of Lalit-Ghumti Road Page 1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Name and Address of Proponent

1. This IEE Report has been prepared for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of

14.981 km long district road, connecting Bishankhunarayan School of then Godamchaur

VDC (Godavari Municipality-1) with Lelebhanjyang of then Badikhel VDC (Godavari

Municipality-4) in Lalitpur District.

2. The District Coordination Committee (DCC), Lalitpur is the implementing agency at

the district level under upcoming Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector

Development Program, Phase-2 (RRRSDP-2), which is the follow-on of RRRSDP-1 and the

proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and

reconstruction of road sub-project.

Address:

District Coordination Committee, Lalitpur

Phone: 01-5533638, 5548297, 5553747, 5541374

Email: [email protected]

Fax: 01-5533215

Website: http://www.ddclalitpur.gov.np/

3. DoLIDAR, being the executing agency of RRRSDP is facilitating the Initial

Environmental Examination (IEE) study of the Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari -

Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) in Lalitpur district. The RRRSDP is handled by the

Project Coordination Unit of DoLIDAR, the physical address of which is as follows.

Project Coordination Unit (PCU)

Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program -2 (RRRSDP-2)

Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR)

Shreemahal, Pulchowk, Lalitpur.

Phone: 01-5530685;


1.2 The Consultant

4. The consultant for Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study of this project is

Environment and Resource Management Center (ERMC) Pvt. Ltd. The address of

consulting firm is as following.

Environment & Resource Management Center (ERMC) (P.) Ltd.

New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal

P. O. Box: 12419, Kathmandu

Tel.: 977-01-4483064, 4465863, Fax: 977-01-4479361

Email: [email protected], Web: www.ermcnepal.com

1.3 Background

5. The economic upliftment of the Nepalese people is largely determined by the

expansion and improvement of rural road networks, which serves as bridge between the

developmental needs and livelihood improvement of rural people. As per the National

http://www.ddclalitpur.gov.np/

http://www.rrr.gov.np/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ermcnepal.com/


Population Census of 2012, 83% of the total population resides in rural areas, with large

proportion deprived from basic developmental needs (CBS 2012). Hence, planning and

implementation of rural roads are very crucial for both upliftment of life standard of the rural

people and achievement of developmental goals of the country. Moreover, due to the high

fragility of the country’s geography and diverse bio-physical environment, planning and

implementation of infrastructure development is particularly sensitive as it might hamper the

crucial environmental system, upon which livelihood of the people and existence of overall

biological diversity is dependent. Hence, mitigation of adverse environmental impact, social

safeguard and economic development should be incorporated in the implementation of

infrastructure development program. The track was opened by then DCC.

6. The Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program,

(RRRSDP) phase 2 is a proposed follow-on program of previous RRRSDP, the donor

funded activities of which was successfully completed in June 2013. Having implemented

more than 97% of the total program with many valuable significance and rewarding

achievements, the Government of Nepal is planning to carry over the program into its

another phase.

7. The project affected VDC has been restructured.The project affected wards from 1-9

of Godamchaur VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-1. Wards from 1-9 of

Bisankhunarayan VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-2. Wards from 1-9

of Godavari VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-3 and Wards from 1-9 of

Badikhel VDC has been restructured as Godavari Municipality-4. Detail is given in Table 1

below.

Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDC of Lalitpur District

VDC Mentioned in Report Ward of then VDC Current Reformation

Godamchaur VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-1

Bisankhunarayan VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-2

Godavari VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-3

Badikhel VDC 1-9 Godavari Municipality-4

1.4 Rationality of Conducting IEE Study

8. In order to assess the environmental issues of the proposed Lalit Ghumti Road

(Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) IEE report is the

fundamental requirement to suggest appropriate site specific and practical mitigation

measures. At present narrow earthen track exists and this has been proposed to upgrade

as gravel road with extensive improvement of horizontal and vertical alignment. An IEE is a

legal requirement as per the provision of Schedule 1, Road sector, related to Rule 3

Environmental Protection Rules (EPR) and pertaining to article 3 of EPA and its further

requires to get approval from the concern ministry. (Annex I).

1.5 Objectives of the IEE

9. The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological,

socio-economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area. The specific objectives of

the proposed IEE study include to:


Identify the major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical,

socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area,

To recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement

measures, prepare and implement environmental monitoring plan for the sub-project,

Provide information on the general environmental setting of Lalit Ghumti Road

(Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) area as baseline

data.

Make sure that IEE is sufficient for the proposed road sub project.


2. NEPAL’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT

10. In Nepal, various legal instruments are in place to ensure the integration of

environmental aspects in development proposals. This IEE reviewed the following

legislative provisions and environmental guidelines to ensure compliance of the project,

refer Table 2.

Table 2: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines

A Constitution

The Constitution of Nepal: It has guaranteed every person the right to live in a clean

environment as a fundamental right. As per the constitution, it is also a matter of State

policy to adopt appropriate measures to abolish or mitigate existing or possible

adverse environmental impacts on the nature, environment or biological diversity.

B Plans and Policies

National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.): It has

identified restoration and improvement of access to service and improve

environmental resilience as one of its strategic recovery objectives.

Forest Policy, 2071 B.S. (2015 A.D.): Plantation is mandatory for environmental

friendly physical infrastructure development along settlement area, road and irrigation

canal.

Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2071 B.S (2014 A.D.):

This policy has been formulated to strengthen socioeconomic conidition of project

affected families with the provision of necessary land acquisition, justifiable

compensation, appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation for the public welfare and

implementation of infrastructure development projects.

Three Years Interim Plan, 2070/71-2072/73 B.S. (2013/14-2015/16 A.D.): Identified

the importance of road sector in promoting national unification, socio-economic

development and regional balance contributing to overall development of the country

and also in promoting the access to service and facilities. It aims to achieve

sustainable, broad-based, inclusive economic growth. The plan also addresses

climate change adaptation and mitigation and overall environmental protection.

20 Year Road Plan, 2059 –2079 B.S. (2002-2022 A.D.): With main objectives of

development of Strategic Road Networks (SRN), the implementation strategies

include all weather road connection to the District Headquarters (DHQ) and provision

of road linkages from the DHQ to the adjacent road network of the neighboring

districts and countries

Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal, 2056

B.S. (2000 A.D.): It proposes to adopt measures to improve the way of life of the

affected people and safeguard natural surroundings. In case damage is inevitable

environmental assessment should find ways of reducing or compensating for such

damage. It suggested five types of environmental assessment activities like

Screening, IEE, EIA and Monitoring.


National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2014-2020 FY: It is prepared to

provide guiding framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has focused on national needs of biodiversity management and conservation, fulfillment of the

international obligations, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of

benefits accrued from conservation and utilization of genetic resources. It has a long

term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short term (up to 2020) strategies and

priorities for action.

C Acts

Environmental Protection Act, 2053 B.S (1997 A.D.): Any development project,

before implementation, to pass through environmental assessment, which may be

either IEE or an EIA depending upon the location, type and size of the projects.

Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.): It outlines the duties of local

government to take action to control haphazard waste generation, disposal or

collection and has provisions for various punitive measures against those engaged in

activities detrimental to the intentions of the Act.

Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Engaging

children including those who has not attained the age of 14 in risky activities against

his/her will by any means is prohibited. In case any enterprise has to engage a child in

works, an approval has to be obtained from concerned body.

Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Empowers the local bodies for

the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements

environmental conservation activities

Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Requires decision makers to take account of all

forest values, including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the

production of timber and other commodities.

Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.): It has legal arrangements for

determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing environment and other

hazardous effects thereof and also keeping water resources free from pollution. It has

clearly mentioned that no one shall pollute water resource by way of using or putting

any litter, industrial wastes, poison, chemical or toxicant to the effect that the pollution

tolerance limit of the water resource as prescribed.

The Labor Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.): Regulates the working environment, deals

with occupational health and safety.

Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 2039 B.S. (1982 A.D.); It

empowers GoN to declare any area of Nepal as a conserved watershed area,

specifying the borders thereof. The Watershed Conservation Officer (WCO) has the

authority to implement protective infrastructure, vegetation program and regulate

agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation. It empowers WCO

to prohibit the commission of any acts that may cause soil-erosion or soil cutting in a

land where any of the acts has been done

Public Roads Act, 2031 B.S. (1974 A.D.): Act mandates requirement of permission

from the DoR to carry out activities within the limits of the road boundaries and also


provision of notifying the DoR by local governmental offices prior to the start of

activities in the limits of the public roads.

National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1972 A.D.): This act

provides protection to 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and three species of

reptiles.

D Rules and Regulations

Environmental Protection Rules 2054 B.S (1997 A.D.): Obliges the proponent to

inform the public on the contents of the proposal in order to ensure the participation of

stakeholders.

Local Self Governance Rules 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It provides procedural

guidelines for implementation of the Local Self Governance Act.

Forest Rules, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.): It elaborates legal measures for the

conservation of forests and wildlife and provides procedural guidelines for

implementation of the Forest Act. It stipulates that in case the execution of any project

having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local

individual or community, the proponent of the project itself shall bear the amount of

compensation to be paid.

E Work Procedures, Guidelines, Standards and others

Local Body Restructuring Notice, MoFALD, GON, 2017 A.D: Declaration of the

name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4

metropolitan cities and dissolve of VDC/DDC.

Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects,

2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.): Following are the main features:

• EMP/IEE/EIA study is mandatory for obtaining forestry clearance. • Alternative analysis has to be done during feasibility study for avoiding forest

area or if not having minimal loss of vegetation.

• Concerned Ministry has to obtain concurrence from Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation before approving IEE/EIA

• Provision of compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) at the ratio

of 1:25 plants by the project or provide plantation and protection cost to concerned

DFO.

Batabaran Parichhyan - Resource Booklet - 2070 B.S. (2013): It provides guidance

for local body to prepare environmental assessment reports of different projects;

construction materials extraction and local roads, on their own.

Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLG) 2070 B.S (2013

A.D.): This framework is prepared to promote environmental conservation through

local institutions to materialize environment friendly local development concept. There

are different level of environment friendly indicators like basic, advanced and special

indicators at household, tole/settlement, ward, VDC, Municipality and District level.

Main objectives of this framework are as follows:


Mainstreaming the environment, climate change, disaster management issues in

local development planning process.

Making environment friendly local governance mechanism.

Strengthening basic level to make environment friendly sustainable development.

Promoting coordination and cooperation within environment and development.

Strengthening local organization to enhance local ownership for the sustainable

development of environment.

Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2012 A.D.: Sets the classification and geometric design

standards for the Local Road Network to be followed by all those involved in the

development of the network, including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs,

DoLIDAR and its development partners.

National Adaptation Program of Action, 2068 B.S. (2010 A.D.): The NAPA has

been instrumental in mainstreaming climate change in development planning. The

NAPA has developed a framework for adaptation programme, and has identified key

adaptation needs, existing adaptation practices and options for developed projects

including infrastructure.

Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road

Development, 2060 B.S (2003 A.D): Suggests stepwise process of addressing

environmental and social issues alongside the technical, financial and other issues.

Batabaraniya Nirdesika (Nepali), 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Focuses in the practical

implementation of small rural infrastructures through the minimization of

environmental impacts and outlines simple methods of environmental management in

the different phases of the project cycle. More emphasis is given to prevention rather

than cure.

APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 2055 B.S.

(1999 A.D.): Emphasizes labor based technology and environmental friendly, local

resource oriented construction methods to be incorporated actively in rural

infrastructure process.

Green Roads in Nepal, Best Practices Report – An Innovative Approach for

Rural Infrastructure Development in the Himalayas and Other Mountainous

Regions. GIZ, 1999 A.D.: It focuses on participatory, labor based and environment

friendly technology with proper alignment selection, mass balancing, proper water

management, bioengineering and phased construction.

Environmental Management Guidelines, Geo Environmental and Social Unit,

DoR, 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.): It consists of environmental mitigation measures to be

incorporated into DoR projects, procedures for public participation, and socio-

economic consideration. The Environmental Mitigation Measures are broken down

into 12 categories or activities and a method for implementation is given for each

mitigation measures including implementation strategies. These environmental

mitigation measures should be used in conjunction with good engineering design,

construction and operation practices. It also suggests considering the various socio-

economic issues like land acquisition and compensation, economic impacts and


cultural heritage.

Community forest development program guideline (third revision 2071 B.S.):

Sustainable and scientific management of forest by the local users including

environment services and facilities for the mitigation of natural calamaties, wildlifes

nad forest fire

National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.):

Provides guidance to project proponent on integrating environmental mitigation

measures, particularly on the management of quarries, borrow pits and stockpiling of

materials, operation of the work camps, earthworks and slope stabilization, location of

stone crushing plants etc.

F International Conventions

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and

Flora (CITES), 2053 B.S., amended, 2059 B.S. (1973 A.D., amended 1979 A.D.): It

regulates international trade in endangered wild flora and fauna with the aim of

reducing or eliminating trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that

further removal from their natural habitat would lead to their extinction. It urges parties

not to allow trade in specimen of species included in the CITES Appendices I, II and

III with some exception. As the area holds some CITES listed species, this convention

is attracted in case of their trade.

Convention on Biological Diversity, 2049 B.S. (1992): It focuses on the

conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair

and equitable sharing of the benefits. It urges parties to introduce appropriate

procedures requiring EIA of the proposed projects that are likely to have significant

adverse effects on biological diversity.

Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent

Countries, 2046 B.S. (1989A.D): The convention provides right to the indigenous

and tribal people to decide their own priorities for the process of development. It

mandates participation in formulations of the plan and programs, decision making

regarding national development. It safeguards rights of the indigenous people in

territories traditionally occupied by them.


3.1 Desk Review

14. The following steps were followed during the desk review:

Collection and review of secondary information from various sources

Initial interaction and consultation with the local community and district level

stakeholders

Delineation of geographical boundary of the influence area on the topographical map

Preparation of project specific checklist

3.1.1 Collection and Review of Secondary Sources of Information from

Various Sources

15. Secondary information was collected through published and official reports and

interpretation of maps and photographs. The sources of information were District

Coordination Committee (DCC), District Forest Office (DFO), related NGOs and other line

agencies.

3.2 Project Area Delineation

16. The project influence area and the impact area were identified during the

preparation of ToR. Such areas were delineated based on the field conditions and nature of

project development using the similar past experiences of the experts involved in the IEE

process. Based on the environmental impacts of the project, the project-affected areas are

classified as the following Table 3.

Table 3: Categories of Several Project Affected Areas

Category Description

Directly Impact Area

(ward level)

Construction areas of project activities. Such area includes

the formation width, Right of Way (RoW), and ancillary

structure sites camp facilities area, excavation area /quarry

sites and stock piling sites including their access

components.

(Considering administrative boundary: Godavari Municipality

– 1, 2, 3 and 4)

Indirectly Impact Area

(Municipality level)

Immediate areas of construction with moderate and low

impacts. Such area covers area beyond the DIA and within

100 meters each side from the centerline of road including a

buffer area of about 100 meters from the ancillary structure

sites.

(Considering administrative boundary: Godavari Municipality)

3.3 Field Survey

17. Field survey comprised of walkthrough survey, consultation with community, site

inspection and observation. The road alignment was visited and observed in 15th August,

2014. The following tools were used for the collection of primary data.

Focus group discussion (FGD) - To conduct consultation with the local communities at

different settlements, FGD was organized with key informants and other persons. It was


done to collect physical and chemical, biological, wildlife, socio-economic and cultural

environment related information using a checklist as given in Annex 1, 2, 3 and 4 of

Annex I.

Topographical map - It was used to show environmental features (drainage, landslide,

land use) on the map during walkthrough survey.

Photographs - Necessary photographs were taken to show different environmental

features.

3.3.1 Initial Interaction and Consultation with the Local Community

18. During the IEE report preparation, the team met, discussed and interacted with

concerned staff of the Government of Nepal, then DDC, then VDCs in the district head

quarter, teachers, and community based organization member and key persons of

surrounding areas within the Zone of Influence (ZoI).

3.3.2 Public Consultation

In order to ensure the public involvement, the following procedures were followed during

IEE report preparation.

Publication of notice- a 15 days public notice was published on 9th July 2014 in the

Abhiyan, a national daily newspaper (Annex III) seeking written opinion from concerned

then VDCs, then DDC, schools, health posts and related local organizations. A copy of

the public notice was also affixed in the above mentioned organizations and deed of

inquiry (muchulka) was collected (Annex IV). The information was disclosed to the

direct stakeholders of the area in various time zone from the time of ToR preparation

and accordingly to comply with the EPR, recommendation letters were also obtained

from the affected then VDCs and is attached in Annex V.

IEE team also carried out interaction with local communities and related stakeholders

during field survey to collect the public concerns and suggestions. Moreover, focus

group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to collect and solicit information regarding

the bio-physical and socio-economic and cultural aspects of Lalit Ghumti Road

(Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) The FGDs were held

at different settlements along the ZoI of the road and A summary of meeting minutes

with local people is given in Table 4 and the results of FGD have been attached in

Annex VI.

Table 4: Summary of Meeting Minutes

SN Date

Place for

Public

Meeting

No. of

Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting

Male Female

1

2071/05/27

BS

(2014/09/12

AD)

Godavari,

Godavari

Municipality-1

(then

Godavari

Municipality -

6 3

Road passes through the

forest area so the mitigation

measures should be used to reduce

impact on forest areas.

Proper management of

Landslides during the construction of


SN Date

Place for

Public

Meeting

No. of

Participants Issues and Decisions of Meeting

Male Female

1/2) road should be done.

Road should be of good quality

and should be long lasting.

Regular monitoring of should

be done during the construction of

the road.

2

2071/05/20

BS

(2014/09/05

AD)

Lele, Godavari

Municipality-1

(then

Godavari

Municipality -

2)

8 3

Construction works should be

done in time and regular monitoring

should be done.

Proper management of

construction materials and

equipments should be done so that

people are able to transport easily.

The construction of retaining

walls should be of good quality.

Proper monitoring and survey

should be done on the landslide

prone areas so that bioengineering

activities should be of good quality.

3

2071/05/24

BS

(2014/09/09

AD)

Lamatar ,

Godavari

Municipality-1

3 9

Construction works should be

done in time and regular monitoring

should be done.

Road side plantation should be

done on both side of the road

corridor.

Construction materials and

equipments should be keep in proper

place (i.e. by taking land in lease)

Construction materials should

be checked before using. (Source: Field survey, 2016)

3.4 Compilation of Existing Information, Impact Identification and

Prediction

19. The information collected from different sources was processed and analyzed

according to the physical, biological, socioeconomic and cultural environment within the

zone of influence. The collected secondary data were the major sources for verification and

crosschecking of primary data during the field survey. The generated information from

primary source was analyzed, tabulated and prioritized.

20. Based on the identification of the impacts, their prediction was done to forecast the

changes in local environment. The methods adopted in impact predictions were done by

using various methods, such as trend analysis, cause and effect relationship, expert


judgment etc. The assessment of environmental impact was derived exclusively in terms of

magnitude, duration and extent. The significance of positive and negative impacts

associated with construction and subsequent operation of the road were identified and

predicted considering the ZoI.

3.5 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plan

21. Based on the identified impacts their nature, extent and magnitude, the mitigation

and monitoring prescriptions were developed. A realistic approach was applied for the

application of the mitigation measures in the local context. Environmental monitoring plan

was developed to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and implementation

status.

3.6 Information Disclosure

22. A draft IEE report along with the executive summary, identified impacts,

recommended mitigation measures and the EMP has been prepared and distributed to the

stakeholders and the concerned Municipality (then VDCs) for public disclosure. The draft

IEE report will also be kept in information centre of DCC (then DDC) Lalitpur for public

disclosure. Information was also disseminated through person to person contacts,

interviews and group discussions. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested

parties and the general public through the information centre of Lalitpur DCC (then DDC)

and websites of RRRSDP. The following offices will get the approved IEE report:

1. District Technical Office, Lalitpur

2. Godavari Municipality, Lalitpur

3. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Local Development

4. Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program, Phase-2

(RRRSDP-2)


4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

4.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project

23. The road passes through Godavari Municipality 1, 2, 3 and 4 (then Godamchaur

VDC 1-9, Bisankhunarayan VDC 1-9, Godavari VDC 1-9 and Badikhel VDC 1-9). This road

links and provides accessibility to people of north and east of lalitpur district.

24. Construction of this road will provide easy physical and economical access to the

people within zone of influence (ZoI). This road can serve as a means and catalyst for

different development activities like water supply, irrigation, health and education in the

area. Local productions can get market with improved transportation facility so that people

from the area may have better earning opportunities. Moreover, this road will save

considerable travel time and improve income generation potentials, enhance commercial

opportunities and improve market accessibility. This road will also provide short-term

employment opportunity by engaging the rural poor people in construction of the road. Such

people based development efforts will reinstall economic activities in the area by creating

long term employment and other opportunities too.

4.2 Location and Access

25. The Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road

section) sub-project lies in the Lalitpur district in Provience 3 of Nepal. It starts from

Bishankhunayaran School of Godavari Municipality-1 (then Godamchaur VDC) and ends at

Lele bhanjyang of Godavari Municipality-4 (then Badikhel VDC). It passes through 5 major

settlements: Godamchaur, Bisankhunarayan, Godavari, Kitini and Badikhel of Godavari

Municipality ward 1, 2, 3 and 4. The road does not pass through any protected areas,

historically and archaeologically sensitive areas.

26. This earthen/gravel road has been proposed for partial gravel and partial blacktop.

The road passes through private and public land crossing small stream (kholsi) at some

location.

27. Total road length in ToR was 25 km as per initial survey but final Detail design report

was prepared for 14.981 km only. So, this IEE report has been prepared for 14.981 Km

only. The formation width of proposed road is 6.25 m. The location of the road is illustrated

by the Figure 2, 3 and 4.


Figure 2: Location Map of Project Site


Figure 3: Topographic Map of Project Site


Figure 4: Google Location Map

4.3 Salient Features of the Project

28. The salient features of Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel -

Lelebhanjyang road section) are presented in the following Table 5.

Table 5: Salient Feature of the Sub-project

Parameter Descriptions

Start point Bisankhunarayan School of Godavari Municipality –

1 (then Godamchaur VDC)

End point Lelebhanjyang of Godavari Municipality – 4 (then

Badikhel VDC)

Sub - Project starting date April, 2016

Sub - Project ending date June, 2019

DTMP code 27DR007

Geographical features

Altitude 1,403 masl to 1,540 masl

Altitude at starting point 1,403 m

Altitude at ending point 1,540 m

Climate Warm temperate

Soil Colluvial soil, Alluvium soil and residual soil

Length of Road 14.981 km

Standard of Pavement Partial Blacktop and partial Gravel

Construction period Three Years

Design speed 20 km per hour

Minimum radius in horizontal curve 10 m

Average grade 7%

Maximum grade 12%


Parameter Descriptions

Name of settlements Godamchaur, Bisankhunarayan, Godavari, Kitini

and Badikhel

No. of households 4,757 (20,532 population)

Municipality along the road Godavari Municipality ward 1-4 (then Godamchaur,

Bisankhunarayan, Godavari and Badikhel VDCs)

Cross-section

Right of way 20 m (10m each side)

Formation width 6.25 m

Carriage way 3.75 m

Retaining structures

Cement Masonry wall 11,147.72 m3

Gabion Retaining and Breast wall 10,176.69 m3

Earthwork

Cutting 170,477.030 cu.m

Filling 22,645.407 cu.m

Spoil Generated 147,831.62 m3

Potential Spoil Disposal Site ch. 0+980, 5+900, 6+900 and 13+600

Project Cost

Total Civil Cost (NRs.) 288,790,487.10

Total EMP Cost (NRs.) 161,838,738.29

Mitigation Cost (NRs.) 1,495,131.75

Monitoring Cost (NRs.) 240,000.00

Bio-engineering Cost (NRs.) 1,471,312.97

Total Project cost (NRs.) 424,989,354.07

Employment generation

Skilled 15,529 person/day

Unskilled 53,822 person/day

4.4 Components and Activities

29. Total length of the road is 14.981 km with 6.25 m formation width. Project

components are: construction of structures like masonry wall, retaining wall, breast wall as

well as earthwork like site clearance. Bioengineering, spoil disposal management,

compensatory plantation are the activities during the construction of this road sub-project.

4.4.1 Construction Approach

30. Implementation of road sub-project works shall be carried out employing Labour by

the contractor with following features:

Use of local people as well as external labour, hand tools and small equipment and

heavy machinery for construction.

Balancing cut and fills as far as possible and managing excess spoil

Use of bio-engineering techniques with integrated use of vegetation, simple civil

engineering structures and proper water management systems for slope protection.

Use of bitumen for the blacktopped purpose.


4.4.2 Construction Materials Required

23. Regarding the construction materials like stone and boulder is available along the

road and materials like sand, aggregates, gravels and other materials cement, steel bar, GI

Wire, Hume pipes will be transported from tikabhairav and Chapagau, Lalitpur.

4.5 Implementation Schedule

31. Following Table 6 shows the proposed implementation schedule for the sub-project:

Table 6: Sub-project Implementation Schedule

S.N Activities 2016 2017 2018 2019

II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II

1 Detailed survey, design and

estimate

2 Preparation of resettlement

plan

2.1 Life skill and income

generation training

3 Environmental Assessment

and Implementation

3.1 IEE report preparation and

approval from MoFALD

3.2 Implementation of EMP

3.3 Environmental Monitoring

4 Work Implementation

4.1 Civil construction work by

Contractor

Note:

I - January, February, March

II - April, May, June

III - July, August, September

IV - October, November, December

4.6 Human Resource

32. The project requires both skilled and unskilled human resource. Total 15,529 skilled

person days and 53,822 unskilled person days human resource are required to carry out

civil work activities.

4.7 Land Requirement

33. Land use pattern of the area through which the road passes have been classified

into three types: Settlement area, Agricultural land and forest land. The road sub-project

has decided to acquire land within 6.25 m of RoW. The road sub-project requires 9.74 ha of

land for the implementation. Out of total required land, 5.38 ha of land are under private

ownership in which 3.05 ha is already occupied by the existing road and 2.33 ha of new

private land need to acquire as new cutting area and 4.36 ha Public land as new cutting

(where existing area of forest is 1.75 ha and new cutting is 0.43 ha).


4.8 Cost

34. Length of this road is 14.981 km with formation width of proposed road is 6.25 m.

Total project cost of the road is estimated NRs. 424,989,354.07 and civil work cost is NRs. 288,790,487.10 (Refer Annex II).


5. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

5.1 Physical Environment

5.1.1 Topography

35. Lalitpur district is located in the southern part of Kathmandu valley, which lies in the

Province 3. Geographically, the district is situated between 27°39' to 27°41' North latitudes

and 85°18' to 85°21' East longitudes and encompasses a total area is 385 sq.km. The total

area of project affected then VDCs such as Godavari (17.13 Km2), Bisankhu Narayan (6.58

Km2), Badikhel (5.85 Km2) and Godamchaur (3.13 Km2)

36. The elevation of the starting point is 1,403 masl of the road at Godavari municipality-

1 and the ending point is 1,540 masl at Godavari municipality-4. The road passes through

the lower valley slopes with the steepness of land does not exceeds 300. The grade of the

road varies from 2% to 12%. Major portion of the road passes along the North-East facing

slope. The entire road alignment lies within Kathmandu valley.

37. The proposed road crosses many small streams (Figure 5).

Figure 5: Hillshade Map of Project Area


5.1.2 Land Use

38. The road passes through the various land use types. Land use pattern of the area

through which the road passes have been classified into three types: Settlement area,

Agricultural land and forest land. The road subproject has decided to acquire land within

6.25 m of RoW. The road sub-project requires 9.74 ha of land for the implementation. Out

of total required land, 5.38 ha of land are under private ownership in which 3.05 ha is

already occupied by the existing road and 2.33 ha of new private land need to acquire as

new cutting area and 4.36 ha Public land as new cutting (where existing area of forest is

1.75 ha and new cutting is 0.43 ha).

39. The land use practices in the influence area in the varying degree of 100 m buffering

area are presented in the Figure 6.

Figure 6: Land Use Map of the Proposed Road within 100m from Centerline

5.1.3 Geology and Soil

40. A geological survey has been carried out along the 14.981 km long alignment of the

Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari - Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) an

important road of Lalitpur District.

Regional Geology and Geomorphology

41. This road follows the rocks of the Chandragiri Limestone, Sopyang Formation as

well as Tistung Formation of the Lesser Himalaya. The Chandragiri Limestone is composed

of limestone, Sopyang Formation is comprised of quartzite and phyllite and the Tistung


Formation is represented by presence of thick quartzite (Figure 7). Northwest to southwest

directed faults are found along the road alignment. The road crosses the small tributaries.

The topography of along the road alignment is gentle slope to very steep slope, passes

through residual soil, colluvial deposits after then road follows the rocky terrain of the

Lesser Himalaya. The road alignment passes through bushes and forest as well as

cultivated land.

Surface Geology

42. Along the road section, the rock of the limestone of the Chandragiri Limestone as

well as quartzite of the Tistung Formation and Sopyang Formation is also seen. Road

alignment is covered by the residual soil with thick colluvial deposits as well as rocks of

limestone and quartzite.

Figure 7: Regional Geological Map of Chandragiri Area (DMG, 1987)

Slope Stability Condition

43. Some cut slope failures are observed which are mostly in residual and colluvial soil

deposits. The main causes of slides are precipitation, surface water condition, and

undercutting slope by road cutting. Almost all failures are occurred after opening of the road

alignment. These failures are shallow depth and can be mitigated by the arrangement of the

surface drain as well as trimming of the slope and applying the bioengineering works in the


barren land on the slope. Remaining of the length of road has good stability, because of low

height cut slope. So there are no anymore failures along the road.

44. Some places, there is less possibilities to occur failure in limestone of the

Chandragiri Limestone and quartzite of the Tistung Formation. Most of places in the rocky

area, the orientation of the bedding plane is opposite to dipping of the hill slope so the rocks

have good slope stability. The proposed road lies in the Lesser Himalayan Zone of the

Province 3. The lithology of this zone comprises mainly of medium to low grade

metamorphic rocks like phyllite, quartzite, schist etc. The road corridor consists in various

sections of secondary geological structures such as folds and joints. The road lies at the

Midland zone of the Lesser Himalayan zone which passes through gentle–moderate and

moderate-moderate steep slope. The road passes through spur and flat land. Several small

streams, rivulet, Khola incised the road alignments. The slope aspects follow by road

alignment varies NE-SE–NW-SW due to rugged topography of the area. Frequent and

gradual changes in slope gradient, aspect and lithological variation at chainages have been

observed along the road. Lithological variation consists of residual soil, colluvial soil,

bedrock at different chainage have also been noticed.

Figure 8: Stereographic Projection of the Rock Mass along Road Section

Engineering Geological Studies

45. The road alignment passes through slightly limestone as well as quartzite and

colluvial, residual soil deposits. Thickness of colluvial and residual soil deposits range from

1 to more than 3 m. The natural hill slope ranges from 5 to 65 degrees. The hydrological

condition of the road alignment is wet and some places wet to dry and also seepage.

Geological Hazard

46. The road section comprises of different types of quartzite and schists. Soil type

along the alignment can be classified as alluvial, colluvial, residual, boulder mixed red

colored soil, and hard and soft rock. Along the road, soil and rock are found low to medium


hazard. The low hazardous soil covers 90% length of the road comparing with area of the

medium hazardous of soil and rock. The slope stability of this section is good so necessity

for realigning any of the subsection is not envisaged on account of geological consideration.

Table 7 shows detail of soil type found along the road.

Table 7: Soil Classification

Chaingae Ordinary Soil Hard Soil Soft Rock Medium Rock

0+000-1+660 20% 80%

1+680-10+040 15% 70% 10% 5%

10+080-14+020 20% 80%

14+040--end 15% 70% 10% 5%

5.1.4 Climate and Meteorology

47. The project site lies within the warm temperate climate zone with typical two

monsoonal season in a year. There's the dry season from October to May and wet

monsoon season from June to September. It has hot, dry and warm season from mid-April

to mid-October. Dry and cold season occurs from mid-October to mid-January and cold and

wet season from mid-January to mid-April.

48. Yearly mean of maximum, minimum and daily temperatures documented in the

closest meteorological station (Khokana) to the project site are depicted in Table 8.

Maximum and minimum average temperatures recorded at this station are 22.70C and

11.70C respectively for the record period 2010. The project area is influenced by the

monsoon rains. The total annual precipitation recorded in the nearby station is about

1,295.65 mm of which nearly 75% occurs in the monsoon months. Recorded highest

precipitation in such events is 430.5 mm in the month of August (Table 9). The recorded

mean annual relative humidity at the nearest meteorological station varies between 72 to 85

percent.

Table 8: Temperature, Rainfall and Humidity Data of Khokana Station, Lalitpur (2010)

Air Temperature 0c Relative Humidity %

Mean 08:45 NST 17:45 NST

Max Min Daily

22.7 11.7 17.2 85 72 (Source: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, 2010)

Latitude: 270 38'N Longitude: 85

0 17'E, Elevation: 1212m

Table 9: Yearly Rainfall of Godavari Station, Lalitpur (2010)

Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

mm 0 0 26 11.6 169.3 95.1 325.55 430.5 132.1 104.3 1.2 0

(Source: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, 2010)

5.1.5 Air, Water and Noise quality

49. Although, the instrumental recorded data is not available, the ambient air quality

along the proposed road corridor is good. The good air quality is attributed primarily to the

non-existing of industries and vehicular movement in most of the alignment section. At


present there is practically no noise pollution along the road corridor. But in some section

track had been already opened and regular vehicles have been plying in those section but

only on large interval of time. So, the noise pollution is not considerable. But the graveled

road in the summer season might produce windblown dust in the area and occasional

plying of vehicles does not contributed to the considerable emissions throughout the

alignment. Hence, it can be envisaged that the air and noise quality in the corridor is within

the national ambient air and noise quality guideline. However, the water quality data of

crossing streams have not been analyzed, the growing population in the proposed road

alignment area, lack of public sewerage and agriculture runoff the quality might have

degraded the quality of stream.

5.2 Drainage and Hydrology

50. The drainage pattern of the project area is dendritic. The area is comprised of

watersheds and water recharge zone and a number of smaller streams, which provides

adequate water to the inhabitants of the project area. The rivers and rivulets present in the

project area are Lubhu Khola, Godavari Khola, Kodku, Mahadev Khola, Bhardev Khola and

Nallu Khola. Detail is given in the Figure 9 below.

Figure 9: Drainage Map of the Project Area

5.3 Stability and Landslides

51. The stability of slopes along the road corridor depends upon slope angle, the

material constituting the slope, rock discontinuities, and hydrological conditions. Proposed

alignment does not pass through smaller to medium slides and many small slides and

erosions area are found along the road. The slope condition and aspects along with

dimension throughout the alignment is presented in Table 10.


Table 10: Slope Condition and Aspect throughout the Sub-project

Chainage Location Slope condition Aspect

5+500-5+600 Mulpani Moderate North East

5+800-5+900 Mulpani Moderate North East

14+150 Godavari Moderate North East (Source: Field survey, 2014)

5.3.1 Seismicity

52. Earthquakes and group tremors are common in Nepal, the majority of epicenters

being located close to active thrusts or faults. Although it may not be practicable to design

hill road alignment to avoid these active zones, it is advisable to give consideration to the

potential effect of seismic shaking when designing high retaining structure, and essential

when designing bridges.

5.4 Biological Environment

53. The project is devoid of habitats for wildlife as it is represented by agricultural land.

In the surrounding landscape and forest areas reported diversity of faunal species based on

the outcome of public consultation. The proposed site lies outside the National park,

Conservation area and ecologically sensitive area or protected area.

5.4.1 Vegetation and Forest

54. The project site comprises of grasses and conspicuous vegetation along with

standing tree and shrubs along with the ground vegetation. The major tree vegetation in the

project vicinity are Uttis(Alnus nepalensis), Bakaino(Melia azedarach), Peepal (Ficus

religiosa), Okhar (Juglans regia), Painu (Prunus cerasoides), Bamboo (Bambusa sps),

Bhalayo (Rhus succedanea), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Phalat (Quercus lineate), Kafal

(Myrica esculanta), Katus (Castanopsis indica), Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris), Kainyu

(Wendlandia puberula), Aasare phool (Lagerstroemiasps.), Naspati (Pyrus communis),

Aaru (Prunus persica), Aangari (Melastoma melabathricum), Hadibayer (Zizyphus incurve),

Salla (Pinus roxburghii) etc.

55. Species namely, Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Salla (Pinus

roxburghii), Jamuna (Syzygiun cumini), Kafal (Myrica esculenta) are the major dominant

tree species along the road corridor. The road passes through 7 community forests (CFs).

The detail of the community forest is given in Table 11 below.


Table 11 : Forest along the Road

Name of Forest

Chainage Length (m) Area of C.F. (ha) HH involved in the

C.F

Main Species

From To

Godamchaur CF 0+580 0+620 40 27.80 314 Chilaune (Schima wallichii)

Uttis (Alnus nepalensis)

Bistachhap CF 0+820 1+200 380 18 61 Salla (Pinus roxburghii)

Chilaune (Schima wallichii)

Jayabhadre CF 7+420 7+700 280 173.32 338 Chilaune (Schima wallichii)

Uttis (Alnus nepalensis)

Jamuna (Syzygiun cumini)

Golintaha CF 9+710 10+500 790 14 66 Chilaune (Schima wallichii)

Salla (Pinus roxburghii)

Kafal (Myrica esculenta)

Kumari CF 11+021 11+120 99 20 101 Salla (Pinus roxburghii)

Chilaune (Schima wallichii)

Bandevi CF 13+020 13+880 860 89.90 70 Chilaune (Schima wallichii)


Chandol CF 13+880 14+400 520 N/A N/A Chilaune (Schima wallichii)


Total 2,969 (Source: Field Survey, 2016)


5.4.2 Faunal Diversity

56. The project is devoid of habitats for wildlife as it is represented by agricultural land. In

the surrounding landscape and forest areas reported diversity of faunal species is presented

in Table 12 based on the outcome of public consultation.

Table 12: Presence of Faunal species In and Around the Proposed Site

Local Name Scientific Name

Mammals

Syal Canis aureus

Rato Bandar Macaca mulatta

Nyauri Musa Herpestes edwardsii

Birds

Sarun Athene brama

Piegon Columbia livia

Lampuchare Urocissa erythrorhyncha

Kag Corvus splendens

Bakulla Bubulus ibis

Dhukur Streptopelia chinensis

Chibe Dicrurus adsimilis

Jureli Pycnonotus cafer

Reptiles

Cheparo Calotes versicolor versicolor

Mausuli Hemidactylus brokki (Source: Field Survey, 2014)

5.4.3 Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species

57. Of the reported floral and faunal species, the following species has been identified as

species of conservation significance under the conservation list of Government of Nepal

(NPWC Act, 1973), IUCN Red data book and CITES Appendix (Table 13).

Table 13: List of Endangered/Threatened/Rare/Indigenous Species

SN Species Threat Category

Common name Scientific name GoN IUCN CITEs

A Floral Species

1 Okhar Juglans regia

√

2 Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris √

B Faunal Species

1 Syal Canis aureus III

2 Rato Badar Macaca mulatta (LC) Note:

CITES Categories: I -Appendix I ( are species that are threatened with extinction and are or may be affected by

trade), II - Appendix II (re species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless

trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with the

survival of the species in the wild), and III - Appendix III ( are species that are listed after one member country

has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling trade in a species)


5.4.4 Agro Diversity

58. The agricultural land in the project comprises diverse cropping pattern. The local

inhabitants differentiated the land into Khet (with irrigation facility) and Bari (no irrigation

facility). They traditionally grow different types of vegetables, pulses, cereals crop with

rotation keeping in a view of different climatic condition. The trend of commercial farming has

also entered in the area. As reported by the local different sets of copping pair in the area

are presented in the Table 14 below:

Table 14: Vegetables, Fruits and Cereal Crops in the Area

S.N Local Name Scientific Name Remarks

1. 1 Pindalu Calocasa esculanta Rhizomes

2. 2 Tori Brassica compestris Vegetables

3. 3 Kauli Brassica oleraceae Vegetables

4. 4 Rayo Brassica juncea Vegetables

5. 5 Bandakovi Brassica deracea Vegetables

6. 6 Mula Raphanus sativa Vegetables

7. 7 Pharsi Cucurbita maxima Vegetables

8. 8 Kakro Cucurbita sativus Fruit

9. 9 Lauka Lagenaria ciceraria Vegetables

10 Ghiraula Luffa cylindrical Vegetables

11 Titekarela Momordica charantia Vegetables

12 Ishkush Sechium edule Vegetables

13 Tarul Dioscorirea alata Rhizome

14 Makai Zea mays Grain

15 Ganhu Triticum aestivum Grain

16 Tate Simi Dolischos lablab Pulse

17 Bodi Vigna sinensis Pulse

18 Kerau Pisum sativum Pulse

19 Pyaj Allium capa Vegetable

20 Lasun Allivm sativum Vegetable

21 Kagati Citrus aurantifolia Fruit

22 Bhogate Citrus maxima Fruit

23 Aalu Solanum tuberosum Vegetable

24 Bhanta Solanum melongana Vegetable

25 Golbhenda Lycopersicon esculentum Vegetable

26 Khorsani Capsicum frutesens Vegetable

27 Dhania Coriandrum sativum Spices (Source: Field Survey, 2014)

5.5 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

5.5.1 District Context

59. The proposed road lies in Lalitpur district. According to CBS 2011, total 468,132

people live in 109,797 household. Among them, 238,082 (50.85%) are male and 230,050

(49.12%) are female. The average household size is 4.26 and population density is 1,216.

Among the 109,797 HH, few household were absentees and therefore CBS had interviewed


92,942 HH only. Out of 92,942 HH, 75,073 HH use water from pipeline, 4,718 HH use from

sprout. In Lalitipur district 1,050 HH are using tube well/hand pump as well as 1,0691 HH are

having water from covered well and 2,004 HH are using uncovered well. Among of them 243

HH using river stream water. Remaining HH depends on other source of water. In term of

energy for cooking 19,554 HH use firewood, 84,511 use LP gas, 3,309 household are using

the kerosene for cooking, only 139 HH use cow dung and remaining household use

kerosene, electricity etc. Most of the household (105,766) use electricity for lightning,

followed by 11,131 HH using kerosene and few household have solar panel also. The 4,735

HH of Lalitpur district have no toilet facility. According to the record of CBS 91,537-

constructed flush toilet and 12,139 household have ordinary toilets.

5.5.2 Demographic Characteristics

60. The total populations residing in then project VDCs are about 20,532 in 4,757

household with an average household size of 4.35. The total male and female populations in

then project VDCs are more or less similar as the female population is higher than male by

about 556. Then Bisankhunarayan VDC has comparatively lower sex ratio than other three

then VDCs. Comparative demographic characteristics of then project VDCs based on 2011

census is presented in Table 15.

Table 15: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs

Then Project VDCs Household Total Male Female Avg.HHs Sex Ratio

Godavari 1,825 7,558 3,715 3,843 4.14 96.67

Bisankhunarayan 1,047 4,484 2,117 2,367 4.28 89.44

Badikhel 791 3,576 1,789 1,787 4.52 100.11

Godamchaur 1,094 4,914 2,367 2,547 4.49 92.93

Total 4,757 20,532 9,988 10,544 4.35 (Source: CBS, 2011)

61. In then project VDCs, the demographic composition of the age group is dominated by

15 to 59 years aged people accounting almost 67.29% of the total population. The second

group is made of less than 14 years age group constituting nearly 23.67% of the total.

Peoples above 60 years of age make only 9.03 % of the total population. This age group

demographic composition reveals that then project VDCs has a high potential of economical

productivity in terms of availability of potent human resource. The detail is given in the Table

16.

Table 16: Demographic Characteristics of then Project VDCs

Age Group Bisankhu

narayan

Badikhel Godamchaur Godavari Total %

0-4 262 256 288 454 1,260 6.14

5-9 314 297 365 561 1,537 7.49

10-14 464 338 468 793 2,063 10.0

15-19 606 410 549 883 2,448 11.9

20-24 460 417 520 858 2,255 10.98

25-29 360 326 513 731 1,930 9.40


Age Group Bisankhu

narayan

Badikhel Godamchaur Godavari Total %

30-34 303 263 407 650 1,623 7.90

35-39 330 244 380 643 1,597 7.8

40-44 314 212 345 549 1,420 6.9

45-49 281 188 245 393 1,107 5.39

50-54 193 161 180 296 830 4.042

55-59 143 118 149 197 607 2.96

60-64 130 98 151 178 557 2.71

65-69 111 101 123 115 450 2.19

70-74 89 64 89 98 340 1.66

75+ 124 83 142 159 508 2.47

Total 4,484 3,576 4,914 7,558 20,532 100

(Source: CBS, 2011)

5.5.3 Caste Ethnicity

62. Then project VDCs are distinctly different from the caste/ethnic group composition,

though the prominent caste /ethnic groups in different project affected then VDCs are more

or less similar. In then project VDCs Chhetri (38.68%) share major percentage and Tamang

share (13.16%) second largest percentage of ethnic group. Brahmin in the project area

comprises 12.12% while Newar comprises 8.12 %. In other words, then project VDCs is an

area dominated by the Tamang, Newar and Chhetri caste/ethnic group. Detail is given in

Table 17 below.

Table 17: Caste/Ethnic Composition – Project District and then Project VDCs

Caste

Ethnicity

Badikhel Bisankhu

narayan

Godamchaur Godavari Total %

Chhetri 250 2,606 3,106 1,980 7,942 38.68

Brahman Hill 1138 122 195 1,033 2,488 12.12

Magar 34 240 88 441 803 3.91

Tamang 40 724 182 1,756 2,702 13.16

Newar 61 106 745 756 1,668 8.12

Kami 43 118 65 166 392 1.91

Damai/

Dholi

34 83 71 62 250 1.22

Pahari 1,891 0 0 62 1,953 9.51

Sarki 0 296 247 318 861 4.19

Others 85 189 215 984 1,473 7.17

Total 3,576 4,484 4,914 7,558 20,532 100.00

(Source: CBS, 2011)


5.5.4 Mother Tongue

63. Demographic composition in terms of the mother tongue is dominated by Nepali

speakers (71.88%) compared to other in then project VDCs. However, the mother tongue as

Tamang has also the comparable percentage in then Project VDCs i.e.11.65%.

Comparatively, the other communication dialects are nominal other than that of Nepali and

Tamang but the Pahari speakers has significant percentage comprising 7.13%. Detail is

given in the Table 18.

Table 18: Mother Tongue Composition of then Project VDCs

Mother

Tongue

Badikhel Bisankhu

narayan

Godamchaur Godavari Total %

Nepali 1,958 3,818 4,129 4,854 14,759 71.88

Tamang 34 610 137 1,612 2,393 11.65

Newar 51 21 504 529 1,105 5.38

Pahari 1,463 0 0 0 1,463 7.13

Magar 0 0 0 124 124 0.60

Others 70 35 144 439 688 3.35

Total 3,576 4,484 4,914 7,558 20,532 100.00

(Source: CBS, 2011)

5.5.5 Literacy Status

64. Educational achievement is essential for effective participation in society. Individual

and community levels of education have a strong positive association with a range of

economic and social benefits. Compared to female members the male members of the

project then VDCs are more literate. Though the difference in gap is closer in then project

VDCs, it still indicates prevailing social discrimination of the female members of the

societies. Overall, then project VDCs have better literacy status than that of national

average. The average literacy rate of male is 89.22% and female is 67.83% in the then

VDCs. Detail is given in the Table 19.

Table 19: Literacy Rate of then Project VDCs

Then Project VDCs Both (%) Male (%) Female (%)

Bisankhunarayan 77.4 90.27 65.89

Badikhel 72.71 83.38 62.1

Godamchaur 80.87 93.15 69.71

Godavari 81.67 90.1 73.62

Average Literacy rate 78.16 89.22 67.83

(Source: CBS, 2011)

65. Table 20 represents the population percentage above 5 years of age according to

the status of level passed in then project VDCs. Most of the population in then project VDCs

including male and female have passed primary education followed by lower secondary. The

population having graduation are very less compared to other level.


Table 20: Population Years of Age 5-25 and Over By Status of School Attendance in

the Project VDCs

Level Passed Badikhel Bisankhu

narayan

Godamchaur Godavari

Male

%

Female

%

Male

%

Female

%

Male

%

Female

%

Male

%

Female

%

Beginner 2.53 4.32 3.1 2.63 2.58 2.83 3.38 3.69

Primary 29.89 30.23 27.65 28.66 23.02 22.3 24.97 25.85

Lower Secondary 19.49 20.83 21.96 20.77 18.69 19.76 17.38 18.51

Secondary 10.97 10.65 14.38 15.24 13.92 16.17 13.23 13.11

SLC & equi 15.6 15.26 12.28 12.68 15.91 14.51 13.3 11.77

Intermediate and

equivalent

12.49 10.17 9.4 8.36 13.33 12.92 11.93 12.22

Graduate & eq 5.85 3.74 3.37 2.36 5.89 4.13 6.98 5.55

Post grad. Eq &

above

2.09 0.38 0.88 0.13 1.46 0.65 3.22 1.75

Others 0.07 0 0.06 0 0.29 0.06 0.16 0.19

Non-formal

education

0.94 4.03 6.36 8.5 4.23 6.14 5.13 7.04

Level not stated 0.07 0.38 0.55 0.67 0.68 0.53 0.32 0.34 (Source: CBS, 2011)

5.5.6 Energy Usage

For cooking

66. The type of energy usage in the households signifies the measure of the household

quality of health and well-being. Majority of household in then project VDCs use firewood for

cooking energy followed by LP gas. Then Bisankhunarayan VDC comprises about 75.84%

and that of Badikhel is 63.97% followed by Godamchaur (46.62%), whereas 34.25% of

household in Godavari prefer firewood for cooking purposes that signifies about 62.47%

household in Godavari use LP gas as their major cooking energy. Detail is given in Table

21.

Table 21: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs

Then Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan

%

Badikhel

%

Godamchaur

%

Godavari

%

Wood/firewood 75.84 63.97 46.62 34.25

Kerosene 0.1 0.88 2.1 2.25

LP gas 23.5 32.74 49.91 62.47

Santhi/Guitha

cowdung

0 0 0.46 0

Biogas 0 1.52 0.09 0.11

Electricity 0 0 0 0

Others 0.1 0.25 0 0.33

Not stated 0.48 0.63 0.82 0.6 (Source: CBS, 2011)


For lightening

67. Then project VDCs being nearest to the capital city and other urban centers all the

then VDCs are connected to the national grid. In an average about 96.85% of household use

national grid electricity in then project VDCs (Table 22). Nominal percentage of households

only uses other forms of energy for lightening purpose.

Table 22: Energy Usage – then Project VDCs

Then Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan % Badikhel

%

Godamchaur

%

Godavari

%

Electricity 96.85 95.2 96.71 96.66

Kerosene 1.91 3.92 2.1 1.53

Biogas 0.29 0.25 0.18 0.6

Solar 0.19 0 0.09 0.11

Others 0.29 0 0.09 0.38


5.5.7 Drinking Water

68. The overall health of the communities is depended on the existing water supply and

the community level sanitation infrastructures. The 2011 census shows pipe water supply

coverage higher percent households in then project VDCs i.e. more than 80% of households

(Table 23). All then VDCs have good coverage of piped drinking water supply system. In

then Badikhel and Bisankhunarayan VDCs nearly 14% of households depend upon the

spout water system.

Table 23: Water Supply Sources of then Project VDCs

Then Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan

%

Badikhel

%

Godamchaur

%

Godavari

%

Tap/piped water 85.2 85.71 96.71 96

Tubewell/handpump 0 0.13 0 0.05

Covered well/kuwa 0.29 0.38 0.18 0.88

Uncovered

well/kuwa

0.1 0 0.64 0

Spout Water 13.75 13.02 1.28 1.59

River/stream 0 0 0.27 0

Others 0.19 0.13 0.09 0.77


5.5.8 Toilet

69. Then project VDCs and the communities lack sewerage systems and are also devoid

of solid waste management systems. Most of the waste water and solid waste, being

organic, is biodegradable and assimilated with the natural environment due to its nature of

settings. Open defecation in open fields and creeks is still a practice among some


households (Table 24). Most of the household in then project VDCs have flush toilet

followed by ordinary toilet and only very small percentage of households donot have toilet.

Table 24: Toilet Facilities - Project VDCs

Project VDCs Bisankhunarayan % Badikhel % Godamchaur % Godavari %

HH without toilet facility 8.6 2.65 2.29 2.03

Flush Toilet 69.05 58.91 60.6 59.67

Ordingary toilet 21.97 37.8 36.29 37.59

Toilet facility not stated 0.38 0.63 0.82 0.71 Source: CBS, 2011

5.5.9 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households

70. A detailed socio-economic survey was conducted to investigate affected households

status. The total affected households are 391; socio-econoic survey was carried for 188

(48.08%) households having 956 populations. Out of total APs, 117 HHs are from

Brahmin/Chhetri, 4 HH from Dalit and 67 HHs are from Janajati. There are 34 women

headed HHs in the sub-project area. The detail is given in the Table 25 below.

Table 25 : Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project

S.N. Variable Count

1 Total affected households 391

2 Interviewed HHs 188

2.1 Dalit HHs 4

2.2 Janajati HHs 67

2.3 Brahmin/Chhetri HHs 117

3 Interviewed Populations 956

3.1 Male 478

3.2 Female 478

3.3 Average HHs Size 5.1

4 Non- Interviewed HHs 203

5 Women headed HH 34

(Source: Households Survey, January 2017, RP)

71. The survey showed that livelihood option of the affected families is not land based

but from non-agriculture sector. Few families are involved in non agriculture income

generating activities like tea shop, grocery shop, job in different institutions along with the

agricultural activities too. Similarly, 67 interviewed indigenous families income sources is

also based on non-agriculture and income from land is negligible share in the total income.

The average food sufficiency month of the APs is 7.85 months per year.


5.6 Status due to Earthquake

72. Most rural homes badly damaged and people are forced to live in tents. 91% of

houses destroyed, 318 human casualties, and 548 of 594 government schools are destroyed

(as reported in District-wise summary record). Most of the houses of ZoI are damaged by the

earthquake. The devastating earthquake mostly destroyed the physical properties rather

than human beings.

(Source: GoN/MoHA as of 21 May 2015 )

Figure 10: Earthquake affected Districts

73. As per the factsheet of Lalitpur district 91% of the HHs are damaged due to

earthquake. The house wall of mud bonded brick/stone are of 10% prevalence among which

8% are completely damaged, 33% are partially collapsed or heavy damaged and 58% are

minor damaged. The house with mud bonded brick/stone with corrugated galvanized iron is

common of 56%. Out of 56% 10% are completely destroyed and 45 % are heavily damaged

and partially collapsed and 45% minor-moderately damaged. The reinforced concrete

cement type of houses are rare about 2% among them 4% are heavily damaged with partial

collapse and 71% are damaged moderately and 25% of house are not damaged. The house

with CGI roof is 2% in Lalitpur district among which 33% are partially collapsed with heavy

damage and 67% are damaged moderately. Remaining households are safe to live in.


Water Resource:

74. The source of water is found

declining after the earthquake (Refer

Figure 11) 36 % households

reported a decline in water quality

whereas 17 % of the households

reported a decrease in water

quantity.

(Source: Factsheet for earthquake impacts of Lalitpur district)

Figure 11: Earthquake affected water sources

Toilet Facility:

75. Toilets are damaged by the

earthquake in Lalitpur district (please

refer Figure 12). 68% of toilet with

septic tank was reduced to 61% due to

earthquake. Toilet with sewer is not

affected but pit latrine was reduced by

5%. Other types of toilet facilities were

increased after the earthquake.

(Source: Factsheet for earthquake impacts of Lalitpur district)

Figure 12: Earthquake affected Toilet facilities

68

13 17 1

61

13 13 13

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

flush (septic) Flush (sewer) Pit Latrine None/Other

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Types of toilet

Before EQ

After EQ

21

47

23

20

39

23

0

10

20

30

40

50

Private Pipe Municipal Pipe Spout

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Type of water sources

Before EQ

After EQ


6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

76. The identification and assessment of impacts has been carried out by considering the

proposed proposal activities examined in terms of the construction and operation stage.

Several such impacts have been identified based on site observation, field survey and

information obtained from the stakeholders, with a few being identified on value judgment.

The impact of the activities will be on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural

resources within the ZoI. Impacts from the proposed road sub project can be both beneficial

as well as adverse. Most of the identified impacts have been quantified as far as possible.

The impacts have been identified, predicted and evaluated in terms of their magnitude (low,

moderate and high), extent (site specific, local and regional) and duration (short, medium

and long term) and appropriate benefit enhancement and mitigation measures are given in

Chapter 8.

6.1 Beneficial Impact

6.1.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues

Construction Stage

Employment opportunity

77. The construction works for upgrading of road will create 15,529 person/days skilled

and 53,822 person/days unskilled workforces. There will be positive impacts in other

economic activities in a chained manner creating other income generating activities like

lodging and fooding for the workers. The magnitude, extent and duration of such impact are

envisaged to be moderate, local and short term respectively and have indirect impact.

Increase income of local peoples through training

78. The project will enhanced income generation activities of the peoples through

different kinds of trainings provided in the project area. The magnitude, extent and duration

of such impact are envisaged to be high, local and short term respectively and indirect

impact.

Small scale enterprise development and business promotion

79. It is envisaged that there will be more people opening their business venture targeted

to construction work force. This shall open up new avenues for the development of the

project area, people from the area will take it as an opportunity to start a new business,

different from the traditional business pattern and those businesses include hardware,

agricultural products, agricultural tools and machines etc.

80. The locals of the project area will have opportunity to sell their agro products (such

as milk, eggs, meat, vegetables, fruits, etc.) on better price to the contractors and the

construction workforce. This will promote the production of local products in larger quantities

than earlier. In addition to production of local products, there are possibilities of opening new

tea stalls, restaurants, and consumer good shops to meet the daily demands of the

contractors and construction workforce. The local community could be benefitted from

increased commercial and economic activity. The magnitude, extent and duration of such

impact are envisaged to be moderate, regional and short term respectively and direct in

nature.


Rent from land acquired temporarily during construction

81. Land will be needed for establishment of campsite, stockpiling of construction

material etc. during construction. The land used for such purpose also acts as a means to

income. This is impact will be direct, moderate, short term and local in scale.

Commercialization in agricultural products among local communities

82. The road projects will bring a change among in local agricultural practices along a

road alignment. Locals will follow a cash crop, horticulture practices and fast growing crops

instead of conventional agricultural trend. The envisaged impact is indirect, long term, local

in extent and moderate in magnitude.

Increase the number of road side business

83. Private agricultural farm, chicken raring, goat raring will be enhanced during

construction phase. Locals will be morally intended to do the private business. Additionally,

the local dealers and retailers will have profound growth around the project area to enhance

their business. The overall business will have significant positive impact around the area.

The envisaged impact is direct, medium term, local in extent and low in magnitude.

Help to increase a tourism and eco-tourism opportunities

84. The construction of road increases accessibility to the different places important for

the tourism purpose such as Godavari and Phulchowki. This may increase ecotourism in the

project site and increase the income level of local people. The impact will be direct,

moderate, regional and long term in nature.

Operation & Maintenance Stage

Increase an economic valuation of land

85. The operation phase often leads to rising land values along the road corridor.

Increased land values also enhance farmers’ capability for borrowing loans on collaterals. High value lands are easily acceptable to banks and micro-finance institutions to provide

loans. The present land value ranges from NRs 3 lakh per Aana to 10 lakh per Aana along

the road side. This impact will be an indirect, moderate significance, local and long term in

nature.

Reduced travel costs

86. Operation of road will enhance the access of people to social services and quick

transportation of goods. Travel time and cost will be cheaper. This will provide comfortable

and quick access to the people. The improved road surface will reduce the wear and tear of

vehicles, thus reducing the general costs for spare parts, and it will increase the fuel

efficiency and reduce vehicular emissions. These effects will be reflected in terms of reduced

travel cost. This will be direct, moderate significance, regional and long-term impact.

Mainstreaming of local culture and products

87. The completion of road upgrading work will serve the cultural and religious sites of

the project. The project will manage to support the foot trails improvements to some of the

selected cultural and religious sites and they include Bisankhu Narayan and Manakamana


(Bisankhu Narayan VDC, Godavari and Naudhara mandir, Tikabhairav Mandir-adjacent to

the road). This will be direct, moderate significance, regional and long-term impact

Increase cost opportunity of local farmers for their agricultural products

88. The opportunity created by the improved access, reduced transportation and travel

cost, enhanced market mechanisms etc. are expected to incite local people for the improved

agricultural practice and better livestock raising in the project area. The better availability of

improved seeds for cereals and vegetables, better availability of seeds and saplings of

horticultural crops, farming tools and techniques, improved breed of animal species etc. all

associated with the better road access and mobility are envisaged to further support the

process of improvement in agriculture and livestock production in the area. The magnitude of

such impact is envisaged to be moderate, the extent to be regional, and the duration to be

long term.

Employment of local people

89. The project itself will require its office workers and different field workers for smooth

operation. Such workers include at least three skilled workers and almost forty other

semiskilled and unskilled workers on permanent basis round the year. Additional ad-hoc

human resources will be required in case of repairing works as temporary workers. The new

business, trade and industrial activities also require human resources as indirect opportunity

created by the road operation. Other such employment opportunities include the

employment in enhanced construction activities around the project area, employment in the

accelerated farm activities and trade etc. The magnitude of such impact is envisaged to be

high, the extent to be local, and the duration to be short term.

Market development opportunity

90. Reduced travel cost and reduced travel time associated with the project operation will

enhance the people’s mobility and activities in and around the project area. This will assist

for starting and promoting the trade, business and industrial development in and around the

project area. Similarly new businessmen will be attracted to the project area and hence new

shops, restaurants, hotels, service centers etc. will be opened up in the project area being

one of the scenic beauties in the Kathmandu valley. Godavari area, being rich in limestone

deposits of different qualities, and iron ore at Phulchowki, some industrial activities based on

limestone and iron as the raw material are likely be established. The local products based on

agriculture and forestry will receive better access and hence trade on these products is

envisaged to be promoted with the successful operation of the black-topped road in the area.

The magnitude of such impact is envisaged to be high, the extent to be local, and the

duration to be long term.

Women empowerment

91. Women and indigenous people in particular may be benefited more from improved

access to the market centers and various service providing agencies like health centers,

banks, training institutes, women development office etc. Frequency of visit to such agencies

will increase awareness level and empowerment. The impact will be indirect, High, local and

for long-term.


Explore opportunities on horticultural crops / cash crops cultivation

92. The development of transportation facilities will bring a change among in local

agricultural practices along a road alignment and corridor. They will follow a cash crop,

horticulture practices and fast growing crops instead of conventional agricultural trend.

Similarly, while maintaining RoW and constructional activities, the land uses might be

change. In total, the present land use practices will be changed. The envisaged impact is

direct long term, local in extent and moderate in magnitude.

Opportunity for small scale Industrial development viz. cottage industries, poultry

farm, dairy farm, handicraft, eco-resort and lodge for tourism business and other

agricultural farm development (e.g. mushroom farming)

93. The increased access to market center due to the opening of road is likely to

increase the productivity in the area in terms of agricultural products particularly horticulture,

poultry and other services. This area has the great potentiality for production of vegetables

and livestock. This will enhance the economic condition of local people. The increased

accessibility in the zone of influence and increased agricultural production as stated above

will open up the revenues to establish cottage industries such as agro-based industries. This

will increase the employment opportunities and income level. The impact will be indirect, low,

local and long term in nature.

Encourage to maintain temple present in project affected area such as Tikabhairav

temple and nearby cultural shrine.

94. The completion of road upgrading work will serve the cultural and religious sites of

the project. The project will support to manage the foot trails improvement in some of the

selected cultural and religious sites and they include Bisankhu Narayan and Manakamana

(Bisankhunarayan VDC, Godavari and Naudhara mandir, Tikabhairav Mandir-adjacent to the

road). This will be direct, moderate significance, regional and long-term impact.

Dissemination of spiritual and religious values of different place that the local peoples

were adopted in project affected areas.

95. The operation of road will attract different people with different cultural background in

the project area. This surge in population of different cultural and religious background will

help the local area for their exchange of culture. Furthermore, the good and impressive

cultural activities that are practiced by the local people are expected to be adopted by the

people of the other areas hence the local culture will get an opportunity to expand itself. The

likely impact is envisaged to be low in magnitude, local in extent, and long term in duration.

The positive impact will be an indirect impact of road operation.

6.2 Adverse Impacts

6.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts

Construction Stage

Issues of land and property acquisition and resettlements and population

displacement

96. The road sub-project requires 9.74 ha of land for the implementation. Out of total

required land, 5.38 ha of land are under private ownership in which 3.05 ha is already


occupied by the existing road and 2.33 ha of new private land need to acquire as new cutting

area and 4.36 ha Public land as new cutting. The people in the RoW shall ultimately be

devoid to exercise their present agricultural practices as well. Since these activities might

adversely affect the road. The impact will be on individual level, direct, high significance, site

specific, and short-term in nature.

Impacts due to loss of structures/infrastructures existing in RoW of proposed road

97. The sub-project needs to acquire the private land property in RoW. The Detail is

given in Resettlement Plan (RP) will address the impact in the private land and property

during construction of the road. About 130 structures (124 Private structures and 6 Public

structures) will be directly impacted with the upgradation of the road. The impact will be

direct, site specific, short term and high in magnitude.

Pressures on social service facilities such as water, electricity, open ground etc.

98. Due to large influx of labors during construction phase, the demand of additional

social facilities such as transport services, drinking water supply, and other public services

will increase. This will result into pressure on available social services in the area. Magnitude

of such impacts envisages to low, site specific and short term.

Employment loss

99. The agriculture wage labor of the area might lose their working hour due to the loss

of agriculture land. During different agriculture season the area is cultivated with variety of

crops such as paddy, wheat, mustard, maize etc. with the possible extension of road the

area might be converted into road and different cropping activity such as sowing, planting,

watering, ploughing don’t require so that wage labor could lose their opportunity. Magnitudes of such impacts are envisaged to low, site specific and short term.

Workforce camp operation

100. The proposed road upgrading work will operate different camps for the facility of

labors and other construction workforce. The resulting impacts will be social conflicts,

impacts on public health, water pollution, impacts on hydrology, land acquisition, loss of

vegetation, air pollution etc. The detail of such impacts is discussed under the respective

sections. The resulting impacts will be moderate in magnitude, local in extent and medium

term in duration. The resulting impacts will be direct in nature.

Cutting, filling and drain scouring

101. The cutting and filling work during the construction phase may scour and erode on

embankment due to the increase in surface runoff. The rain easily plugged out the loose

materials in cut and fill section of the road. This phenomenon is prominent in the rainy

season. This may lead to the sedimentation and water pollution in the Godavari, Kodku,

Nallu, Bhardev Khola as well as nearby water sources. The resulting impacts will be

moderate in magnitude, site specific in extent and short term in duration. The resulting

impacts will be direct in nature.


Construction hazard such as landslide, slope failure and spoil disposal

102. During construction, workers will be exposed to various kind of risk and accident

during work. Due to the sudden failure of slope and improper disposal of spoil leads to the

sudden disaster in the construction worker as well as nearby dwellers. This impact is direct,

high in magnitude, short term and site specific.

Social Conflict and disputes

103. Access facilities may bring social nuisance like increase in alcohol consumption,

gambling, prostitution, and may increase girl trafficking. The impact will be indirect,

moderate, local and for short term.

Occupational health and safety

104. During construction, workers will be exposed to respiration and eye diseases due to

exposure to dust, risk of accident during work, polluted drinking water, unhygienic sanitary

facilities, hearing loss due to high level of noise. Increased contact between local and

migrated workers can spread serious health diseases like STDs and HIV/AIDS. This impact

is direct, high in magnitude, short term and site specific.

Operation Stage

Road Safety and possible accidents

105. Movement of vehicles in the road will invite accidents. Inadequate provisions of road

safety measures like no provisions of signals and lack of enforcement of traffic rules during

operation period may invite accidents. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and long

term in nature.

RoW encroachment

106. The RoW encroachment by the development of settlements, shops and food stalls

along the road side soon after the construction of road for economic opportunities will be

increased. Increase in land value adjoining the road and land speculation are important

drivers for such undesired and uncontrolled development. Negative consequences of ribbon

settlement are the blockage of road due to unmanaged encroachment of a right of way

constructing houses and shops, delay in private and public transport, increment in accidents,

hindrances for maintenance of work, haphazard garbage disposal, poor sanitation that may

result in undesired landscape aesthetics, and reduction of the overall road capacity. The

impact will be moderate, local level and long term in nature.

Population pressure and impact due to new settlements along the road and possible

ribbon settlements development

107. Development of settlements, shops and food stalls along the roadside soon after the

construction of road for economic opportunities will be increased. To increase in land value

adjoining the road and land speculation are important drivers for such undesired and

uncontrolled development. Negative consequences of ribbon settlement are the blockage of

road due to unmanaged encroachment of a right of way constructing houses and shops,

delay in private and public transport that may result in development of ribbon settlement

along the road alignment. The impact will be moderate, local level and long term in nature.


Social Conflicts due to change in community structures

108. The construction and operation of road will lead to increased quality of life, education,

healthcare facilities, infrastructure development etc. These activities can change the thinking

way of the local people which further changes in attitude and social norms. People may

leave their family in their villages to dwell near the new spots for economic incentives. This

will ultimately affect the traditional bonds, norms and functions of the family. This will also

cause impact on social and cultural transition. Furthermore, after the construction of road,

there will be influx of more people to the area from different parts with different ethnicity.

Hence, cultural mixing and conflicts among different cultural groups may occur. The impact

will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in nature.

Cultural conflicts due to immigration of peoples from outside area

109. Godavari area is one of the beautiful natural scenic areas in the Kathmandu valley

and nowadays people prefer the semi urban area for the hectic life in the city and

consciousness to their health. So the road joins the city and village area in shortest

distances so people may migrate towards semi urban and village area which leads into a

new cocktail of cultures. This change of culture may lead conflicts among the people living

from long time and immigrants. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in

nature.

Displacement of local and poor people by rich peoples from outside attracted due to

enhanced access

110. The immigration of people from outside might be attracted to the easy access and

easy accessible of natural resources such as clean air, water and scenic beauty of the

country side and settle there. Poor and marginalized people might attract to their money and

could easily sell their property for instant pleasure, which could displace them from the area

by losing their traditional limited property. The magnitude shall be low in extent shall be site

specific and the duration shall be long term.

Possible cultural invasion and social disputes

111. Influx of work force from different parts of the country may have different ethics,

cultural and religious background. This situation might increase the conflicts and violence

between workers themselves as well as between workers and locals. Thus, crime rate might

also be increased during construction stage. The magnitude shall be low the extent shall be

site specific and the duration shall be long term.

Increase problem in social security

112. The relative increase in the population increases the demand of basic needs like

food, drinking water, security, energy etc. There may be shortage of these basic things to

feed the large population. And moreover, increase in the population density of the site may

lead to different social or cultural disputes among them. This might increase crime rate in the

project area. The magnitude of impact envisages to be low, local and long term

Threat in cultural assets

113. The immigrants might have different cultural background than that of traditionally

living people of the area. The road corridor area consists of temple along its alignment. The


immigrants might disrespect these cultural assets of the area and could damage the settings

of the temple. The impact is envisaged to be low, local and long term.

Impairment of cultural and historical monuments / areas

114. There are not any cultural, religious and archeologically significant monuments

located along the road alignment. Hence, the impact has not been evaluated.

6.2.2 Physical Issues

Construction Stage

Issues regarding route clearance

115. Due to the upgrading of the proposed road route clearance will be the primary

activity. Route clearance is the impact as imposed by the land use. So, the impact to the

route clearance is well presented in the land use change section.

Change in land use pattern of project affected areas

116. Due to the upgrading of the proposed road there will be change in land use mainly by

the conversion of 2.33 ha private land and 4.36 ha of public land (including 0.438 ha forest

land) into the road, and the degradation of road adjacent to the road corridors by disposing

spoils. The changes in land use will have impact on loss of agricultural land, which will

directly reduce the agricultural production. Similarly, there will be also some change in land

use due to expansion of roadside settlements like tea shops, temporary shops and labor

camps etc. The envisaged impact is long term, local in extent and medium in magnitude.

Landslides and erosion slope destabilization

117. Removal of vegetation and open cuts with exposed soil to rain may cause soil

erosion as well as landslide. As the road is an existing corridor, hill slopes will not be

disturbed by new cuttings of slope. There are no any major instability areas along the road

alignment. The likely impact is indirect, low, site specific and short term depending on cases.

Sedimentation

118. The construction of road including the quarry operation, spoil disposal, material

stockpiling, and campsite management will have adverse impact on the surface and sub-

surface hydrology of the project area. Several gullies will be affected due to project

construction. The primary impacts associated with surface hydrology are increased quick

runoff due to comparatively low infiltration rate of constructed and black-topped road as

compared to present condition. The ill management of materials resulted from improper

management of spoil will be washed away by the rainwater and produce significant amount

of sediment. The sediment will also have adverse impacts on the existing hydrological

condition of the area. The overall impact on hydrology will be moderate magnitude, regional

extent and short term in duration.

Solid waste disposal

119. Construction activities can generate many types of solid wastes. Mainly two types of

wastes: construction related solid waste and domestic waste will be generated during the

construction phase. These wastes might cause problem if not handled properly. The waste


like debris, broken brick piece, sand, waste cement, domestic waste like organic food are

the major waste. The organic wastes are biodegradable and may decay to emit foul smell.

Besides, they may also attract rodents, flies and other insects which may result in further

health hazard among the people working at the construction sites and shanty settlement

around the sites. The magnitude of impact is moderate, local and of medium term.

Spoil disposal (construction and labor camp)

120. Earthwork is a major activity associated with road construction, which involves

excavation; cutting of slopes and formation of embankment, fresh cut invites landslides and

erosion during monsoon. Similarly, the excavated materials need to be disposed in a nearby

place. The inappropriate and unstable spoil disposal is the biggest environmental problem in

road construction particularly in hill ecological regions of Nepal. The common likely problems

from the inappropriate disposal of spoils are:

Gullying and erosion of spoil tips, especially when combined with unmanaged surface

water runoff,

Slope overloading and resultant failure and mass wasting,

Disruption of natural drainage pattern, causing scouring, erosion and landslide,

Damage and destruction of existing vegetation,

Damage to irrigation systems, drinking water schemes and crops through direct

deposition or indirectly as result of mass flow,

Water pollution and degradation of water quality.

121. The likely impact of earthwork excavation and disposal is direct, high level in

magnitude, site specific and short term nature.

Water pollution

122. The water quality data within the project area is not available. Nevertheless the

quality of water in the water bodies, within the project area appears to be fairly good, as is

proven by the fact that they are widely utilized for irrigation, and drinking for cattle without

any ill effect. Water from the roadside drain outlets may cause erosion and landslide

affecting the stability of the road. Natural drainage may get blocked due to construction of

road. The water quality in the project area appears to be fairly clean and not polluted. During

construction these water bodies may be polluted by spoil and construction wastes. The

impact will be direct, moderate, local, short term.

Noise pollution

123. The project area at present does not experience higher levels of noise pollution. The

project construction activities and mobility of people at the construction sites and camps is

the main source of noise. The labour based construction through greatly reduces the noise

level in the construction sites. During the construction period background noise level in and

around the site is expected to increase to about 50-60dBA. As the site is not with dense

settlement, the impact to human receptors (except for the construction workers) is

considered to be insignificant. The impact of road construction on the noise level will be

direct, moderate, local, short term.


Air pollution

124. The water quality within the project area is not tested. Nevertheless, quality of water

in the water bodies within the project area appears to be fairly good as they are widely used

by households for drinking purpose. During construction, waterbodies may be polluted by

spoil and construction wastes, open defecation in natural streams by construction workers.

The impact will be direct, low, local, short term in nature.

Stockpiling of construction materials

125. Construction of roads needs variety of materials such as boulders, stones, earthen

materials, sand, cement, gabion weir etc. these materials may be stored and disposed

haphazardly. These non-degrading materials give an unaesthetic look of the disposal areas

and also pollute land by degrading its quality for agricultural & other vegetation growth. The

haphazard piling and disposal around the active construction sites also degrade the land

quality; decreases aesthetic beauty of the land and also cause sedimentation & erosion from

stock piling on adjoining lands at the event of rain and high runoff. Such storage if

unregulated is a concern of land pollution and aesthetics in and around the areas. The

envisaged impacts are direct, local, short term, high magnitude, and of moderate

significance.

Operation Stage

Reclamation of spoil disposal site

126. The spoil placement sites are the sites of poor land use value at present. With the

placement of the spoil, these sites could be rehabilitated to better land uses for community

such as recreational lands or lands for afforestation. Prior community consultation on this

regard is essential for a collective decision. The overall impact is positive direct, site specific,

long term, moderate magnitude.

Removal of labor camp/ construction camp

127. Left over materials and decommissioned materials of labour as well as construction

camp produces different categorical wastes such as corrugated sheets, bricks, stones, soil,

plastics, cardboard, tins, bottles that ultimately exert the pollution load in the area. If the

waste is not managed properly it will adversely affect the health and sanitation condition of

the area and degrade the aesthetics of the area. The overall impact is indirect, site specific,

short term, low magnitude.

Slope Instability

128. Destabilization of slope (quarrying stones or soil, cultivation, opening of branch

roads), poor maintenance of road, and blockage of drains can lead to slides and slope

failure. Sensitive areas for possible slope stability problems are the areas of steep cut; and

surroundings of streams. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and long term.

Impact regarding drainage management

129. The used lubricants of the vehicles, if disposed openly, will wash out to the surface

and percolate to subsurface water of the area. Various vehicular activities like spillage of

petroleum and lubricants, washing of vehicles, vehicular movement in the water surface etc

will also contribute to the water pollution. Other indirect activities of road operation,


especially the increased activities of increased human population will especially be

responsible for the water pollution of the project area. The magnitude of water pollution in

the operation phase will be moderate; the extent is envisaged to be local and the duration to

be long.

Change in land use

130. Similarly, while maintaining RoW and maintenance activities, the land uses might be

change. Overall the vicinity area along the alignment might be converted in built up structure

following business house, residential and commercial area. The present land use somehow

change in the future after the operation of road. The magnitude of impact is high, local and

long term and the impact is direct.

Air and noise pollution

131. Operation of increased number of additional vehicles due to improved road can

cause air pollution and noise pollution. The noise of horns arising from vehicles can be a

nuisance at the sensitive spots like settlements and forest. Most of the road alignment

passes through a forest land, it itself acts as a shelter belt for noise and air dust so the

impact will be direct, of low significance, local and long-term in nature.

6.2.3 Biological Issues

Construction Stage

Issues regarding vegetation clearance (route clearance)

132. The issues imposed by the vegetation clearance are well explained in cutting of trees

and clearing of shrubs and herbs of the forest areas which eventually causes loss in

biodiversity of the project area section. 217 trees loss from CFs, NF and 76 Private trees will

be cut down.

Cutting of trees and clearing of shrubs and herbs of the forest areas which eventually

causes loss in biodiversity of the project area

133. 217 numbers of trees will be felled from CFs, National forest and religious forest and

76 trees from Private land need to be cut down. So in total 293 Trees need to be cut down.

However some of the trees can adjust while maintaining RoW. The impact will be confined to

the road alignment and thus will be local, direct, long-term and of high significance.

Issues on the protected species of flora and fauna

134. It is noted that Okhar and Lapsi is GoN protected tree species. There will be impact

on rare, endangered or vulnerable flora and fauna like Jackle, Rato Badar. The impact will

be indirect, medium, local and for long term.

Disturbances in wildlife activities and corridor of wildlife movements

135. The baseline databases reveal that the habitat area to be affected by the project is

not the core habitat area of the wildlife and vegetation communities. It represents the fringe

habitat and is already under the influence of the local communities. The overall impact is

indirect, site specific, short term, low magnitude.


Fragmentation on existing ecosystem

136. The baseline databases reveal that the habitat area to be affected by the project is

not the core habitat area of the wildlife and vegetation communities. It represents the fringe

habitat and is already under the influence of the local communities. The overall impact is

indirect, site specific, short term, low magnitude.

Operation Stage

Impacts on forest resources

137. The pressure on forest and forest resources during operation phase will result

indirectly from the improved public/vehicular access to forest. The impacts include

accelerated logging, illegal extraction of timber and incidental forest fires, and the

introduction of invasive species (weeds, pests). These activities might increase due to easy

access of transportation. The impact will be medium, local and long-term.

Disturbances on the corridor of the wildlife movement

138. The road alignment is passes through parallel to the Godavari khola. It breaks a

landscape level connection between hills. As per the concern due to absence of core habitat

area the impact is considered insignificant for the operation of the road. The impact will be

indirect, low, local and short term in nature.

Possible illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife

139. Illegal hunting of wild-fauna by the temporary dwellers inside the forest area may

take place during operation and maintenance phase. Shooting of birds in the project area

may increase during the maintenance. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and short

term in nature.


7. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

140. Alternative analysis is considered as an integral as a part of an IEE study, which

involves an examination of alternative ways of achieving the objectives of a proposed

project. The alternative analysis for a road project constitutes the development of an

alternative transportation network for the enhancement of safe and faster connectivity of the

rural area to market centers and there by improve the economic conditions of the people

living in the zone of influence. The various possible alternatives are discussed in the

following sub-sectors.

7.1 No Action Option

141. This alternative assesses the consequences if the proposal is not implemented. An

earthen road currently exists, which is operable only in fair weather. The road connects a

remote and poverty ridden area with high potential in dairy, vegetable, tea and coffee

productions. People have been selling the products to the markets of Kathmandu Valley.

However, travel time and cost is high due to seasonal nature and earthen standard of the

existing road. Rehabilitation of the road will decrease the cost as well as provide better

access facility with enhanced opportunity for development of the area without any additional

significant adverse impacts. The no action option may avoid environmental impacts, but only

at the cost of poverty and under development of the area.

7.2 Proposal Alternatives

142. The proposed road is to be upgraded to enhance the access of local people and has

minimum adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, the proposed road, which would

provide improved access to market centers through safe mode of transportation goods and

services produced within the area, would be the best option to serve the purposes of

transportation requirement and environmental conservation.

7.3 Alternative Design and Construction Approach

143. The conventional road construction is done by contractors with heavy machineries

and equipment, heavy concrete structures for retaining slopes. Construction work is done

manually by the local labour without using heavy machinery and explosives. Spoil disposal is

minimized through balance in cut and fill. Small engineering structures are used as far as

possible. Vegetation cover is maintained through application of re-plantation and stabilization

of slopes is achieved through bio-engineering. Using local manual labor helps to inject

money in local economy through the wages earned by the people. There will also be

ownership feeling among the community towards the road. The proposed road has been

designed considering combination of both the LEP approach for works possible through

manual labor (earth excavation, bio-engineering, gabion structures), and contractor-based

approaches for works that require mechanized applications (gravelling or construction of

RCC cross drainage structures).

7.4 Alternative Schedule

144. During the rainy season, the construction work will be stopped. Rehabilitation and

construction work will be carried out during the remaining months. The construction period is

more appropriate from October to June due to dry weather, and then the people are

generally free from farming activities.


7.5 Alternative Resources

145. Stones and boulders for gabions and masonry are available in nearby quarries,

whereas fine aggregates like sand has to be transported from other location. The proposed

construction will optimally use the local labour force and local materials.

7.6 No Forest Alternative

146. This is existing track and proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction. The road

already crossed seven CFs, NF and RF. The widening of the road to prescribed standard is

expected to affect a very narrow strip of forest at few shorter sections. Realignment of the

road to avoid forest area is expected to affect larger parcel of private land that increase

compensation and resettlement cost. Therefore no forest alternative has been considered for

this road sub-project. However, the use of forest land is limited to formation width only.


8. BENEFIT AUGMENTATION AND MITIGATION MEASURE

147. Mitigation refers to the measures that are designed to cope with adverse

consequences and to enhance the positive impacts on the environment as a result of the

Sub-project implementation. An effective implementation of benefit maximization measures

and adverse impacts mitigation measures would optimize the benefits expected from the

Sub-project and avoid/minimize the adverse impact. The impacts that have been identified,

predicted and evaluated in Chapter 6 have following benefit enhancement and mitigation

measures.

8.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase

148. The mitigation measures adopted during design or pre-construction phases are

preventive in nature and have two basic objectives:

a. Avoiding costly mitigation measures, and

b. Increasing awareness amongst the stakeholders for environmental management of road

construction and operation.

8.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design

149. The road design has followed the rural road standards developed by DoLIDAR. The

works will be executed through National Competitive Bidding (NCB) package by the

contractors. Bio-engineering techniques will be applied for stabilization of slopes, which is

sustainable, environmental friendly and can be done by using local resources and

manpower. To improve the transport services for the people living along the road and link

local areas with the main market, acquisition of land would be required.

150. Relevant issues raised during public consultation have been addressed under

respective mitigation measures. Therefore, no separate mitigation measures are warranted

for the concerns raised by the local people.

8.2 Benefit Augmentation Measures

8.2.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Issues

Construction Stage

Employment opportunity

151. Life skill training will be given to uplift the socio-economic condition of the affected

people.

Increase income of local peoples through training

152. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.

Small scale enterprise development and business promotion


Rent from land acquired temporarily during construction



Commercialization in agricultural products among local communities


Increase the number of road side business


Help to increase a tourism and eco-tourism opportunities

157. Flow of tourists due to easier accessibility to project area will contribute in the

enhancement of economic activities of the area which will increase the living condition of the

local people. Development of lodges, restaurants and hotels for the tourists will be rationally

supported.

Operation & Maintenance Stage

Increase an economic valuation of land of then project affected VDCs


Reduced travel costs


Mainstreaming of local culture and products


Increase cost opportunity of local farmers for their agricultural products


Employment of local people


Market development opportunity


Women empowerment


Explore opportunities on horticultural crops / cash crops cultivation


Opportunity for small scale Industrial development viz. cottage industries, poultry

farm, dairy farm, handicraft, eco-resort and lodge for tourism business and other

agricultural farm development (e.g. mushroom farming)


Encourage to maintain temple present in project affected area such as Tikabhairav

temple and nearby cultural shrine.



Dissemination of spiritual and religious values of different place that the local peoples

were adopted in project affected areas.


8.3 Adverse Issues/Impacts Mitigation Measures

169. The likely adverse impacts during upgrading and subsequent operation and

maintenance in terms of physical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural and religious aspects

due to project actions were identified, predicted and evaluated. Based on the identified

impacts, appropriate mitigation measures shall be recommended.

8.3.1 Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts Mitigation Measures

Construction Stage

Issues of land and property acquisition and resettlements and population

displacement

170. Mitigation measures will be as follows:

Compensation for loss of property,

Compensation for loss of standing crops and temporary use in agriculture land,

Plantation of trees along the both sides of road to act as dust and noise barrier,

Support in agriculture extension to increase productivity.

Compensation of NRs 84382,947.54 against loss of land will be provided.

Impacts due to loss of structures/infrastructures existing in RoW of proposed road

171. Compensation will be provided as per the resettlement plan to the affected person for

the displacement of houses and other structures. NRs 18,861,852.57 will be given as the

compensatory cost for private properties and NRS 6,993,741.89 will be given as the

compensatory cost for public properties.

Pressures on social service facilities such as water, electricity, open ground etc.

172. The project will manage the additional required social services coordinating with the

local stakeholders and Municipality officials of the affected wards.

Employment Loss

173. Project will give the priority to the daily wages labour of the affected wards as far as

possible depending upon their skill. This will certainly ensure their job guarantee in the

project.

Work force camp operation

174. The mitigation measures resulting from the campsite management include site

selection away from residential/settlement area, separate water supply and separate supply

of daily commodities, proper toilet and sanitary facilities with their within the campsite,

restriction on workers for night time activities, and routine health check-ups. A written

permission shall be obtained from the respective owners or stakeholders before the


campsite is placed in the area. The campsite will be restored to original land use condition

after the use of the area is over.

Cutting, filling and drain scouring

175. Lined drains in the settlement areas need to be constructed and the drains should be

link with the main drains outlets consulting the local people to avoid the scouring. The major

construction activities will not be coincided with the rainy season. The drainage improvement

work shall be performed as per the design. The proper bio-engineering work on the

embankment slopes anchors the vulnerable area.

Construction hazard such as landslide, slope failure and spoil disposal

176. Make mandatory the use of helmets, safety belts, masks, gloves and boot by workers

depending on nature of work, first aid facilities at sites and camp with training to use them;

provide group accidental insurance for workers. Awareness generation to local people and

installation of sign board in the vulnerable area.

Social Conflict and disputes

177. Support awareness raising programs and strengthen communities against such

nuisances.


178. Make mandatory the use of helmets, safety belts, masks, gloves and boot by workers

depending on nature of work; sprinkle water at high dust sites; provide clean drinking water

at sites and camp; pit toilets at sites and camp; first aid facilities at sites and camp with

training to use them; provide group accidental insurance for workers. Awareness generation

to local people and workers on HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases.

Operation Stage

Road Safety and possible accidents

179. During road operation, there are likely chances of accidents. The mitigation

measures adopted will be:

Appropriate spoil disposal sites should be identified and utilize

Applying appropriate road safety measure

Applying appropriate road safety measures with the help of 3-Es i.e. Engineering,

Enforcement and Education

Enforcement is usually made through traffic laws, regulation and controls like restriction

on vehicle speed

Education is done by sufficient publicity and awareness raising programs. It aims at

improving the human factor in traffic performance.

Engineering phase is the one which is constructive. It deals with improvement of road

geometrics, providing additional road facilities and installation of suitably designed traffic

control devices.

Required safety signs will be used along the road.


RoW Encroachment

180. There will be chances of growing ribbon settlements along the road during operation

phase and encroachment of RoW. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

Awareness raising programme through local organizations to plan proper settlements

Regulate settlement growth with proper land use planning/zoning along RoW

Co-ordinate with the local authority to maintain good shape of RoW ensuring no

encroachment.

Population pressure and impact due to new settlements along the road alignment and

possible ribbon settlements development

181. There will be chances of growing ribbon settlements along the road during operation

phase. This may cause congestion to road users and invite accidents. The following

mitigation measures will be adopted:

Awareness raising programme through local organizations to plan proper settlements

Regulate settlement growth with proper land use planning/zoning along RoW

Plantation of trees along the road.

Social and Cultural Conflicts due to change in community structures

182. The mitigation measures recommended will be facilitating awareness raising

programmes to the communities about negative social behavior like gambling, excess use of

alcohol.

Displacement of local and poor people by rich peoples from outside attracted due to

enhanced access

183. Affected wards will coordinate to the DCC on discouraging the selling of land less

than 1 ropani in the project area.

Possible cultural invasion and social disputes



alcohol etc.

Increase problem in social security



alcohol etc.

Threat in cultural assets


programmes to the communities to respect the various cultures and tradition and local

authority is informed to conduct special kind of harmony programme to maintain special

cultural bond between diversity of culture.


8.3.2 Physical Issues

Construction Stage

Change in land use pattern of project affected areas.

187. There will be no mitigation measures for the permanent loss of agricultural, forest

land. However, following mitigation measures will be adopted to compensate the loss of land

into built up area:

Applying additional protective measures (bio-engineering and retaining structure) that the

remaining land will not be lost due to erosion.

Minimize use of fertile agriculture land and forest areas, private properties.

Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase greenery in the area.

During re-vegetation, local species identified during the survey will be used.

The spoil site will be stabilized with bio-engineering.

Landslides and erosion slope destabilization

188. The mitigation measures will be balance cut and fill; ensuring minimum cut slope

depending upon the soil type; Re-vegetation of Lajavati (Mimosa pudica), Dubo (Cynodon

dactylon), Sisnu (Urtica dioca), Titepati (Artemisia indica), Bamboo (Bambussa tulda), Utis

(Alnus nepalensis), Kadam (Anthocephalus chinensis) and others will be planted on the

exposed areas; adoption of bio-engineering techniques; no construction work during rainy

season; and use of simple engineering structures (dry wall, check dams) before disposing

spoil.

Sedimentation

189. The road will have some adverse impact on hydrology of the project area throughout

its operation period. The project shall regularly maintain structural and bio-engineering

measures in cut slope to mitigate the sedimentation impact of the area. Plantation of trees

on backfill area of retention structures and retaining structures shall be commenced to

minimize the sedimentation in nearby river bodies located or crossing road such Godavari

Khola, Nallu Khola, Bhardeu, Nalllu Khola and Kodku. The roadside drains shall be regularly

maintained so that they remain operational.

Solid waste disposal

190. During the construction considerable quantity of construction waste such as plastic,

earth, debris, broken brick piece, sand, waste cement, domestic waste like organic food etc.

will be generated. Separate bins with different coding colors for categorical waste will be

provided for the workers. Solid waste generated during construction phase will be separated

and reused as far as possible. Some of the items like packing materials, left over

reinforcement bars will be sold to scrap dealers. Other collected waste will be appropriately

disposed with coordinating the municipal authority.

Spoil disposal (construction and labor camp)

191. Spoil will be safely disposed and managed at designated site with minimum

environmental damage. Top soils will be separated and used in agricultural land. Engineer

will give approval for disposal site of spoil. Balanced cut and fill and reuse of excavated


materials will be given emphasis. Spoil will be used to reclaim land or eroded areas.

Disposal site will be provided with proper drainage, vegetation and adequate protection

against erosion. Potential safe spoil management areas are in the chainage section 0+980,

5+900, 6+900, 13+600. Total 147,831.62 m3 volume of spoil will be generated.

192. 20696.4268 m3 at ch 0+980, 54697.6994 m3 at ch 5+900, 22174.743 m3 at ch 6+900

and 50262.7508 m3 spoil at 13+600 will be done for the management of spoil. However

separate spoil disposal plan will be prepared before the implementation of the sub-project.

Water pollution

193. The mitigation measures will be to provide adequate numbers of drainage structures

in order to have minimum interference with natural drainage pattern of the area; channelize

surface water discharge from side drains; do not block or divert water away from natural

watercourse.

Noise pollution

Provision of ear plugs to the construction workforce working in noisy area

Restriction on the noise producing activities at the night time zone.

Air pollution

Water sprinkling in the site in regular interval.

Stockpiling of construction materials

194. Haphazard storage of construction in all areas (camps and construction sites) will be

strictly prohibited and only be stored in designated area far away from the agriculture land

and water bodies.

Operation Stage

Reclamation of spoil disposal site

195. The sites will be developed into better land use in consultation with local

communities.

Labor camp/construction camp

196. The mitigation measure wll be reuse and safe disposal of decommissioned waste.

Issues regarding Slope Instability

197. The mitigation measures to be adopted include immediate clearance of slides;

provide breast wall, retaining wall and restoration of slopes. Besides, restoration of rill and

gully formation, time to time clearance of drainages and soil conservation practices need to

ensure for slope stabilization.

Issues regarding drainage management

198. The water of the project area is envisaged to be polluted during the operation period

of the road. The road side drains shall be maintained to be operational so that drainage

condition do not produce large amount of sediment runoff. The local people, especially


youths will be supported to raise the awareness so that people do not drain the polluted

water to the roadside drainage that ultimately drains out to the natural sources of water. The

project shall support the local people to declare the project area free from the open fecal

materials. The impact of this kind will be direct, low, local and long term.

Change in land use

199. The project affected wards shall co-ordinate with the local stakeholders and DCC to

control the haphazard commercialization and unplanned housing in the concerned

Municipality aiming to control the existing land use practices.

Air and noise pollution

200. To mitigate the adverse impact of road on the air quality during its operation phase,

the road condition will be regularly maintained and the vehicles that pass the emission test

as per the national standards shall be used to operate in the road. Provision of sign board to

restrict horn on sensitive area such as health centers, schools etc.

8.3.3 Biological Issues

Construction Stage

Cutting of trees and clearing of shrubs and herbs of the forest areas which eventually

cause loss in biodiversity of the project area

201. The following activities are proposed to cut the trees from the forest area during the

road construction.

Forest clearance approval will be obtained from the DFO and MoFSC.

Government procedures such as counting the number of trees to be felled, marking and

measuring wood quantity etc. will be followed.

202. According to the Government of Nepal (2071/01/12 BS): Standard for Removing

Government Trees, 2071 BS and Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for

National Priority Projects, 2074 BS, the sub-project has to carry out plantation (with

protection for five years) or pay for the plantation and protection cost to the District Forest

Office.Total 217 trees need to be cut down from Community forest, Religious forest and

National forest. So, in total 5,425 seedlings have to be planted for compensatory plantation

with estimated cost of NRs 889,971.00 as given in Annex VII A. This cost will be provided to

CFUGs through DFO. Location and type of species for the plantation will be selected by the

CFUGs/DFO. However, emphasis will be given to local, multiple use species.The forest

products from the forest will be used by CFUGs. Likewise, for the 76 trees to be cut down

from the private land, at the ratio of 1:1 trees will be done by the sub-project or the seedling

and plantation cost of NRs 5,160.4 as given in Annex VII B. For the plantation, total

estimated cost is NRs 895,131.40. Calculation of per plant plantation cost in community

forest and private land is given in Annex VII C & D. For the compensatory plantation in CF

and private land, compensatory plantation cost, sample agreement between DFO, CFUG

and DCC/DTO has been attached in Annex VII E. Similalry compensatory plan and the road

side plantation plan and plantation in private land have been given in Annex VII F.


Issues on the protected species of flora and fauna

203. Wildlife irrespective of common species will be protected and minimum or no damage

strategy will be adopted to conserve the species. Moreover, the awareness raising program

will generate the protection ethics of protected flora and fauna.

Disturbances in wildlife activities and corridor of wildlife movements

204. The envisaged impact is residual impact of the project. No mitigation measures will

be implemented since the impact significance is low or insignificant.

Fragmentation on existing ecosystem

205. The envisaged impact is residual impact of the project. No mitigation measures will

be implemented since the impact significance is low or insignificant.

Operation Stage

Depletion of forest resources

206. District Road office will coordinate with DFO in raising awareness to control

accelerated logging, illegal extraction of timber and NTFPs. The cost for awareness raising

training is NRs. 100,000.00.

Disturbances on the corridor of the wildlife movement

207. No mitigation measure is proposed.

Possible illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife

208. There may occur illegal hunting during construction period by building group

members andproject staff. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

Restriction to work during night time

Restriction to wildlife harassment by the workers

Coordination with DFO and CFUGs to control the activities like illegal hunting and

poaching of wild fauna, especially listed in CITES and IUCN red data book by enforcing

acts and regulations strictly.

The project will launch wildlife conservation awareness program and awareness board

installation in critical places.


9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

209. The environmental management plan (EMP) is prepared to guide the implementation

of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles,

environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure

and budget for mitigation measures.

9.1 Institutions and Their Roles

210. Different institutions involved in the IEE and EMP implementation and roles of these

institutions are given in Table 26. The environmental management organizational structure

is given in Figure 13.

Table 26: Institutions and Their Roles

Institution Role Responsibility in The

Project

Remarks

Ministry of

Federal Affairs

and Local

Development

Executive agency and

concerned IEE approval

authority as per EPA/EPR.

To review and approve

TOR for IEE and IEE

report, Conduct

environmental

monitoring from central

level.

Executing

agency

Department of

Local

Infrastructure

Development

and Agricultural

Roads

(DOLIDAR)

Responsible to execute

infrastructure projects

under MoFALD. Provides

backup support to DCCs in

technical matters through

DTO.

Overall coordination

and supervision of the

RRRSDP-2 in central

level.

It also supports DCCs

through DTOs to

implement the project

activities.

Executing

Agency

RRRSDP-

Project

Coordination

Unit

Project specific unit. Technical Unit to

support and coordinate

all activities for

implementation of

RRRSDP. Review,

comment, and forward

IEE ToR and Report

for review and

approval to MoFALD

through DCCs.

Project unit at

national level

District

Coordination

Committee

(DCC) / District

Technical Office

(DTO)

DCC/DTO is Project

Implementing Agency. Prepare IEE ToR and

submit for approval to

MoFALD Conduct IEE

Study, Public

Consultation, and

prepare IEE Report

Receive comments

Implementation

unit


9.2 Implementation of benefit augmentation and mitigation measures

211. The DCC/DTO will be responsible for the implementation of benefit augmentation

and mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 8 Various agencies including PCU, local

bodies and concerned governmental line agencies will support DCC/DTO for the

implementation of mitigation measures. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out

to augment beneficial impacts and reduce/mitigate adverse impact produced from the

implementation of the proposal, and the responsible implementing and supporting agencies

are provided in environmental management plan is presented in Tables 27 and 28.

Table 27: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Proposed Enhancement Measures

Benefical Impact Impact

Ranking

Status

Benefit Augmentation Measures Responsibility for

Enhancement

Measure

Socio-economic (Construction phase)

Employment

opportunity(15,529

skilled and 53,822

unskilled person/day)

SG 45 Life skill training to uplift the socio-

economic condition.

Project, Contractor

Increase income of

local peoples through

training

VS 85 No benefit augmentation measures

are planned for this.

Project, Contractor

Small scale enterprise

development and

business promotion

VS85 No benefit augmentation measures


Project, Contractor,

local people

Rent from land

acquired temporarily

during construction

SG 45 No benefit augmentation measures


Project, Contractor

Commercialization in

agricultural products

among local

communities




local people

Increase the number

of road side business

ISG 40 No benefit augmentation measures



local people

Help to increase a

tourism and eco-

tourism opportunities

VS 100 Development of lodges, restaurants

and hotels for the tourists will be

supported.


local people

Socio-economic (Operation phase)

Increase an economic

valuation of land



Project, local

people

Reduced travel costs VS 100 No benefit augmentation measures


DCC, Local, Private

Sector

Mainstreaming of local

culture and products



DCC, Project, local

people, NGOs

Increase cost

opportunity of local

farmers for their



Local people,

NGOs


Benefical Impact Impact

Ranking

Status

Benefit Augmentation Measures Responsibility for

Enhancement

Measure

agricultural products

Employment of local

people



Project, DCC,

Private Sector,

NGOs

Market development

opportunity



Project, DCC,

Private Sector,

NGOs

Women empowerment SG 100 No benefit augmentation measures


Project, DCC,

Private Sector,

NGOs

Explore opportunities

on horticultural crops /

cash crops cultivation



DCC, local people

Opportunity for small

scale Industrial

development

SG50 No benefit augmentation measures


Project, DCC,

Private Sector,

NGOs

Encourage to maintain

temple present in

project affected area



Project, DCC

Dissemination of

spiritual and religious

values of different

place

SG50 No benefit augmentation measures


Project, DCC


Table 28: Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures

Impact Impact

Ranking

Status

Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Adverse

Measures

Responsible

Executing

agency

Relevant

Supporting

Agency

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

(Construction Stage)

Issues of land

acquisition (9.74 ha

of land need for

implementation of

project, 5.38 ha under

private ownership in

which 3.05 ha is

already occupied by

the existing road and

2.33 ha land of new

private land as new

cutting and 4.36 ha

land from public land

VS 75 Compensation of

NRs 84,382,947.54

will be provided

against the loss of

land.

Project Proponent/Co

nsultant

Impacts due to loss of

structures/infrastructu

res existing in RoW of

proposed road (loss

of 124 private

structure and 6 public

structure)

VS 75 As per the

Resettlement Plan

Compensation of

NRS 25,855,594.46

will be provided.


nsultant

Pressures on social

service facilities such

as water, electricity,

open ground,

grassland etc.

ISG 25 Manage the

additional required

social services

coordinating with the

local stakeholders

and municipality

officials.


nsultant

Employment Loss ISG 25 Priority to the daily

wages labour of the

affected wards for the

employment

opporyunities

depending upon their

skill.


nsultant

Workforce camp

operation

SG 50 Site selection away

from

residential/settlement

area, proper toilet

Contractor Proponent/Co

nsultant


Impact Impact

Ranking

Status


Measures

Responsible

Executing

agency

Relevant

Supporting

Agency

and sanitary facilities

within the campsite,

restriction on workers

for night time

activities, and routine

health check-ups. A

written permission

shall be obtained

from the respective

owners or

stakeholders before

the campsite is

placed in the area.

Cutting, filling and

drain scouring

ISG 35 Construction of lined

drains and linkage to

main drains outlets,

construction activities

will not be coincided

with the rainy

season. The

drainage

improvement work

shall be performed as

per the design and

proper bio-

engineering work on

the embankment

slopes.


nsultant

Construction hazard

such as landslide,

slope failure and spoil

disposal

VS 75 Use of helmets,

safety belts, masks,

gloves and boot by

workers, first aid

facilities at sites and

provide group

accidental insurance

for workers.

Awareness

generation to local

people and

installation of sign

board in the

vulnerable area

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant


Impact Impact

Ranking

Status


Measures

Responsible

Executing

agency

Relevant

Supporting

Agency

Social Conflict and

disputes

SG 45 Support awareness

raising programs and

strengthen

communities


nsultant

Occupational health

and safety

VS 75 Mandatory use of

helmets, safety belts,

masks, gloves and

boot by workers

depending on nature

of work; sprinkle

water at high dust

sites; provide clean

drinking water at

sites and camp; pit

toilets at sites and

camp; first aid

facilities at sites and

camp with training to

use them; provide

group accidental

insurance for

workers. Awareness

generation to local

people and workers

on HIV/AIDS and

other communicable

diseases

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment (Operation

Stage)

Road Safety and

possible accidents

SG 60 Appropriate spoil

disposal sites, road

safety measures with

the help of

Engineering,

Enforcement and

Education, controls

like restriction on

vehicle speed, safety

signs will be used

along the road


nsultant

RoW Encroachment SG 60 Awareness raising

programme through

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant


Impact Impact

Ranking

Status


Measures

Responsible

Executing

agency

Relevant

Supporting

Agency

local organizations to

plan proper

settlements and

regulate settlement

growth with proper

planning and

maintenance of RoW

by local authority etc.

Population pressure

and impact due to

new settlements

along the road

alignment and

possible ribbon

settlements

development

SG 60 Awareness raising

programme,

Regulate settlement

growth with proper

land use

planning/zoning

along RoW,

Plantation of trees

along the road.


nsultant

Social and cultural

Conflicts due to

change in community

structures


programmes to the

communities about

negative social

behavior like

gambling, excess use

of alcohol.


nsultant

Displacement of local

and poor people by

rich peoples from

outside attracted due

to enhanced access

ISG 40 Affected area will

coordinate to the

DCC on discourage

the selling land less

than 1 ropani in the

project area.

Project /

Proponent

Proponent/Co

nsultant

Possible cultural

invasion and social

disputes

ISG 40 Awareness raising

programmes to the

communities about

negative social

behavior.


nsultant

Increase problem in

social security


programmes to the

communities about

negative social

behavior.


nsultant

Threat in cultural

assets


programmes to the


nsultant


Impact Impact

Ranking

Status


Measures

Responsible

Executing

agency

Relevant

Supporting

Agency

communities,

conduct special kind

of harmony

programme to

maintain special

bond between

diversity of culture.

Physical Environment (Construction)

Change in land use

pattern of project

affected areas.

SG 60 Minimum use of

fertilizer.

Applying additional

protective measures

(bio-engineering and

retaining structure)

that the remaining

land will not be lost

due to erosion.

Roadside plantation

of trees will be done

to increase greenery

in the area.

During re-vegetation,

local species

identified during the

survey will be used.

The spoil site will be

stabilized with bio-

engineering.

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant

Landslides and

Erosion slope

destabilization

ISG25 balance cut and fill;

minimum cut slope;

Re-vegetation of

exposed areas;

adoption of bio-

engineering

techniques; no

construction work

during rainy season;

and use of simple

engineering

structures (dry wall,

check dams) before

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant


Impact Impact

Ranking

Status


Measures

Responsible

Executing

agency

Relevant

Supporting

Agency

disposing spoil.

Sedimentation VS85 Structural and bio-

engineering

measures like

retention and

retaining walls shall

be commenced.

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant

Solid waste

production and

disposal

SG 50 Separate bins with

color code for

categorical waste will

be provided for the

workers. Solid waste

generated will be

separated and

reused, left over

reinforcement bars

will be sold to scrap

dealers.

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant

Spoil disposal VS75 Safe spoil disposal

and management of

total 147,831.62 m3

at designated site at

the ch. 0+980,

5+900, 6+900 and

13+600 with

minimum

environmental

damage.


nsultant

Water pollution SG45 Channelize surface

water discharge from

side drains; do not

block or divert water

away from natural

watercourse.

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant

Noise Pollution SG 45 Provision of ear plugs

and restriction on the

noise producing

activities at the night

time zone.

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant

Air Pollution SG 35 Water sprinkling in

the site in regular

interval

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant


Impact Impact

Ranking

Status


Measures

Responsible

Executing

agency

Relevant

Supporting

Agency

Stockpiling of

construction materials

VS85 The stockpiling site

will be made far from

the agriculture land

and water bodies.

Construction material

will be covered with

tarpaulin during

stockpiling to prevent

from rain water and

dust emission.


nsultant

Physical Environment (Operation and Maintenance)

Reclamation of spoil

disposal site

SG 50 developed into better

land use in

consultation with

local

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant

Removal of labor

camp/ construction

camp

ISG 25 Reuse and safe

disposal of

decommissioned

waste

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant

Issues regarding

Slope Instability

SG 60 Immediate clearance

of slides, provide

breast wall, retaining

wall and restoration

of slopes. time to

time clearance of

drainages and soil

conservation

practices


nsultant

Issues regarding

drainage

management

SG 60 road side drains shall

be maintained

support the local

people to declare the

project area free from

the open fecal

materials


nsultant

Change in land use VS 100 Municipality shall co-

ordinate with the

local stakeholders

and DCC to control

the haphazard

commercialization

and unplanned

Municipality DCC/Consulta

nt/Local NGOs


Impact Impact

Ranking

Status


Measures

Responsible

Executing

agency

Relevant

Supporting

Agency

housing

Air and noise

pollution

SG 50 No horn signals will

be added near the

settlement and forest

area as per the need,

all parties will be

made to follow the

code of conduct

Project /

Contractor

Proponent/Co

nsultant

Biological Environment (Construction phase)

Cutting of trees and

clearing of shrubs

and herbs of the

forest areas which

eventually causes

loss of habitat of

biodiversity in project

area

VS 100 Total NRs.

895,131.40 will be

compensated for

trees lost by

plantation of 5425

plants at the ratio of

1:25 and take

responsibility to

protect for 5 years

for CFs, NF and RF

and 76 plants for

private trees at the

ratio of 1:1.

CFUGs/

DTO/DFO

DFO/PCU

Issues on the

protected species of

flora and fauna

SG 60 Minimum damage to

the protected species

of plants and

awareness among

the workers and

dwellers

Contractor DFO/

DTO/CFUGs

Disturbances in

wildlife activities and

corridor of wildlife

movements

ISG 25 Residual Impact

Biological Environment (Operation phase)

Impacts on forest

resources

SG 60 NRs. 100,000.00 for

Raising awareness to

control accelerated

logging, illegal

extraction of timber

and NTFPs.

Municipality DFO/CFUGs

Disturbances on the

corridor of the wildlife

movement

ISG 35 Residual Impact Municipality DFO/CFUGs


Impact Impact

Ranking

Status


Measures

Responsible

Executing

agency

Relevant

Supporting

Agency

Possible illegal

hunting and poaching

of wildlife

SG 45 Least disturbance to

the wildlife and birds,

restriction to work

during night time and

wildlife harassment,

coordination with

DFO and CFUGs.

The project will

launch wildlife

conservation

awareness program

and awareness board

installation in critical

zones.

Municipality DFO/CFUGs

Note:

Magnitude H= High (60) M= Moderate(20) Low (depending on the scale or severity of change.)(10)

Extent R= Regional(60) LC= Local(20) SS= Site specific (10)

Duration LT= Long term (more than 20 years)(20) MT= Medium term (3-20 years)(10)

ST= Short term (less than 3 years)(5)

Impact upto 44; insignificance (INS) 45-74; significance(S) 75 or greater; very significance (VS)

9.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities

212. As part of EMP, reports are needed to be produced at regular time intervals by the

EMP compliance monitoring team (Supervision Consultant). The trimester EMP compliance

reports will be prepared and submitted by the consultant to the client.

213. The agreement/contract document will categorically include provision of

environmental protection, health and safety, waste management and other environmental

mitigation measures identified during the IEE Study. It will spell out clearly that measures

that will be taken in case on non-compliance. This will make them comply with the

provisions. Supervision team of proponent will regularly monitor the construction activities

and project coordination office at central level will conduct Environmental Audit of the sub-

project.

214. This EMP also makes the provision of for a set of monitoring activities that are

designed to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed management. The monitoring activities

will also help to improve/maintain an environmentally and socially sound and acceptable

level once the project has been constructed and becomes fully operational.

9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal

215. Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a

basis for logical comparison for the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal.

Environmental monitoring will involve the systematic collection of data to determine the


actual environmental impacts of the sub-project, compliance of the sub-project with

regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the

environmental protection. Monitoring will be an integral part of the implementation of the

mitigation measures during project construction, and will generate important information. It

will improve the quality of sub-project implementation.

216. The national EIA guidelines (1993) and EPR, 1997 require monitoring plans and

indicators, schedules and responsibility to be identified in the IEE report. The national EIA

Guidelines of 1993, the EIA guidelines for the Forestry Sector of 1995 propose three stages

for monitoring. They are baseline monitoring, compliance monitoring and impact monitoring.

9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring

217. Sometimes, this monitoring referred as pre-audit study, is to know the pre-project

baseline condition of the environmental parameters. It is the survey that documents detail

information on the pre-project conditions of physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural

resources. In general, it is done to know if there is a significant time lapse between the

preparation of the IEE report and the construction stage or the change in environmental

quality is noticeable. This project will proceed for construction immediately after the approval

of this IEE report and hence, baseline monitoring is not required for the proposed project.

9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring

218. This monitoring is carried out to know the implementation status of environmental

requirements as documented in EA report, and they should be complied with during pre-

construction, construction and operation stages of the project as appropriate. It employs

periodic sampling or continuous recording of certain parameters, and ensures

implementation of any conditions set-forth during EA report approval. Compliance with

conditions may differ to the proponent or other organizations and individuals. This monitoring

is not concerned with determining the actual effect of the project activities on the

environment. This encourages the proponent and other stakeholders to implement what has

been proposed for in EA report or the conditions issued during the approval process.

Indicators of the compliance may differ from project to project and location to location.

219. Although, environmental monitoring is not the responsibility of the proponent, under

the existing environmental laws, the project has included the monitoring for the compliance

of the technical specification as an in-built practice. The agencies responsible for monitoring

should ensure compliance of activities such as inclusion of mitigation measures in the design

and tender documents, budget allocation for mitigation measures and monitoring and spoil

disposal sites, storage procedure, arrangement of construction activities, sprinkling of water

to arrest dust at regular or intermittent interval and so on.

9.4.3 Impact Monitoring

220. This monitoring detects environmental changes and estimates inherent variation

within the environment, establishes long term trends in the natural system, and derives

conclusions by making comparison against a standard or target. Impact monitoring is

generally carried out to access the effectiveness of the environmental mitigation measures

and provides actual levels of impacts in the field. Hence, impact monitoring evaluation study

is proposed by the end of the project construction phase or within two years of project


implementation. Impact monitoring will focus on each predicted impact and effectiveness of

environmental protection measures.

9.4.4 Monitoring Parameters

Pre-construction Phase

221. During this phase the consultant bear the main responsibility in ensuring that the

environmental and social safeguard considerations are adequately incorporated in the

project design and that the respective clauses to address the identified impacts are

sufficiently included in the specifications and work contracts. The consultants’ environmental specialists shall conduct, during the initial survey, a baseline monitoring with respect to the

prevailing physically and biological parameters. The consultants’ social specialists shall conduct a baseline monitoring on the prevailing social setting.

Construction Phase

222. In this phase the monitoring focuses on the impacts on the environmental and social

setting caused by the ongoing project. This monitoring checks compliance with the practices,

norms, standards and technical solutions prescribed in the design and in the EMP. It

specifically controls whether the environmental code of practice is adequately applied in all

works, and if the management practices are satisfactory with respect to the prescribed

requirements. Besides, the monitoring tasks will be to carry out a set of activities that will

monitor the direct and indirect effects on the bio-physical and social environment as caused

by the project. The data obtained will be presented in the required reporting format and will

be entered in the project’s baseline data bank. The specific monitoring tasks will include

223. Collecting of data that identify, qualify and quantify distinct impacts on certain

receptors (soils, water, air, noise, habitats, species, local communities, services and utilities)

and conduct a cause-effect analysis;

Verify and quantify the ongoing slope protection measures, and propose rectifying

measures as needed;

Verify and quantify the effects of disposal of spoil and construction wastes and their

consequences;

Monitor, by utilizing structures checklists and questionnaire, the LRUG/RBGs’ full compliance with the health and safety measures for the work staff;

Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal

extraction of forest products, hunting, destructive fishing, wildlife trade and disturbance to

wildlife;

Verify the occupational health facilities in construction camps;

Operation Phase

224. During this phase, the following parameters will be monitored over a period specified

in the consultant’s contract and ToR. The respective findings are, as applicable, to be stored

in the database, and that the prescribed reporting formats are observed. The specific

monitoring tasks in this project phase will include


Assess changes in land-use patterns, development of cottage industries, services and

demographic composition that may be caused by the access development;

Verify and quantify the occurrence of settlement within ROW of road, resulting in

encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road;

Verify all activities for decommissioning work sites and rehabilitation to their former

functional stage, as applicable.

Verify and quantify the adequacy of the executed slope protection and erosion control;

Verify and quantify the courses of any environmental degradation caused by project

activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the

identification of responsibilities and costs;

Monitor, by utilizing structured checklists and questionnaires, accidents in the road,

identifying causes and develop corrective measures;

Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests,

induced/accelerated logging, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade

and disturbance to wildlife and aquatic life.

9.4.5 Monitoring Indicators

225. Monitoring will be carried out by using established indicators. To ensure that the

monitored parameters are replicable i.e. do not depend on person or specific methodology

used; the selected indicators are easy to be verified and controlled by the agencies where

the final monitoring and supervision responsibility remains.

226. It is also foreseen to use standard checklists and formats to be used by the

monitoring staff both for site surveys and in the subsequent reports. Much of the monitoring

is related to quantifying the observed impacts, and to verify the nature and extent of impacts,

photos, parameter tests, collect local accounts of stakeholders and technical/social experts.

The monitoring will also include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed.

9.5 Monitoring Indicators

227. The monitoring will include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed.

Following Table 29 specifies the set of verifiable indicators that will be used for monitoring.

Table 29: Selected Monitoring Indicators for this IEE Study

Monitoring Sector Parameters selected

Soils, Landslides, Cut

slope failures

Number, location and extent of slope failures.

Cause analysis for such failure: natural/man-made

Area (ha) of land, forest and properties affected

Nos and extent of gully erosions and pavement failures

Bio-engineering/Slope

protection

Nos and plant species selected for bio-engineering,

disaggregated by protective function,

Effectiveness of slope protection works

Water Pollution, Water

resources and their use:

Drinking water

Nos and extent of water related problems at operative and

construction sites

Water pollution incidents due to unsafe disposal of waste and

spoil analyzing effects on adjoining agricultural land

Use of field kit for drinking water quality, determining pH,


Monitoring Sector Parameters selected

particulates, turbidity, etc.

Air and Noise level Assessment of noise level in site.

Site assessment, Visual inspection and public opinion

regarding dust pollution

Traffic Volume count

Wildlife/ Habitat

Disturbance and Impacts on

Forest Resources

Nos and extent of road accidents inflicting wildlife

Records of illegal timber extraction and wildlife killing cases

Socio-economic

development in road

alignment and ZoI

Number of employment opportunities created

Number of workers received training on enhancement of

technical skill

Change in transportation cost and time

Number and type of enterprises, cottage industries

established

Change in status of basic services and utilities in the ZoI for

e.g. education institutions, access to health infrastructures,

water supply, energy status, trade and commerce ventures,

shift in livelihood strategies among the populace from the ZoI

Condition of affected infrastructures

Occupational health and safety measures provided to

workers

Increase in number of people receiving social service

facilities (school, health post)

Increase in land value

No. of accidents related to road

State of settlement condition (no. of houses, shops,

sanitation condition)

Number and status of porter’s livelihood

9.5.1 Monitoring Activities and Methods

The following Table 30 identifies the specific compliance monitoring activities. Phase-

wise/chronological details are provided for the methods, schedules, responsible

implementing agency and the responsible monitoring agency. The compliance monitoring

refers primarily to the pre-construction and construction stage of the project.


Table 30: Compliance Monitoring for the Proposed Project

Parameters Responsible

Implementing Agency

Verifiable Indicators Verification Methods Schedule Responsible

Monitoring Agency

Land acquisition

and compensation

of private properties

(house)

DCC/ LRUC Properties acquisition

procedures

This is the responsibility

of DCC and project

Well ahead of

construction

DCC

Site selection and

preparation of

construction

logistics

Proponent/Contractor Project’s arrangement for materials storage, and

construction activities

Site observation, geo-

referencing and

photographic

documentation

Beginning of

construction

period

DCC/DTO/ DoLIDAR

Use of local

peoples for

construction

activities

Contractor/project Specifications which obligate the

LRUC to observe certain quotas

for employing local labor,

Records that facilitates

and coordinates the

process for local people’s employment, interviews

During the entire

period where

labour work is

employed

DCC/DTO/ DoLIDAR

Awareness and on-

the-job training on

road construction to

technicians, and

locally employed

construction

workers

Contractor/Project Training programs for skill

development, women

empowerment, occupational

health and safety, and

environmental protection

associated with road

construction works

Specifications: Training

records, check training

program reports, assess

feedback from

participants

Beginning of

construction and

during

construction

DCC/DoLIDAR

Compliance to

occupational health

and safety

measures

Contractors/project/

workers


regulations, first aid and medical

arrangements, contingency plan,

number and type of safety

equipment such as mask,

helmet, glove, safety belts,

goggles

Spot checks at work

sites, photos, accident

records, interviews

Monthly

throughout

construction

activities

DCC/

DoLIDAR/RRRSDP

Compliance to

environmental

protection

measures, including

Project/Contractors/LRU

C

Arrangement specified in the

code of practice and in manuals

relating to environmental

protection; records and

Site inspection,

discussion with local

people. Quantifying site-

specific impacts, photos,

Before and during

construction

period

DCC/DoLIDAR


Parameters Responsible

Implementing Agency

Verifiable Indicators Verification Methods Schedule Responsible

Monitoring Agency

pollution prevention,

slope stabilization,

cut and fill, waste

management,

spoils, protection of

fauna and flora

observations on pollution, waste

management, spoil disposal

laboratory tests where

required.

Existing patrol, control

and enforcement

mechanisms,

enforcement records, air

and noise quality

measurement water

quality test

Measures to avoid

pressure on forest

and wildlife

Contractor/LRUGs Workers activity within forest

area Construction scenario and

process Events of hunting and

killing of wildlife

Inspection, interview with

local people

Once a month

during

construction

phase

DCC/DFO

Measures to protect

environment from

air and noise

pollution

Contractor/LRUGs Dust level and noise level at

work sites, major settlements

and sensitive spots like health

centres and schools

Testing, observation of

good construction

practices and discussion

with residents and

workers

Once in a month

during

construction

DCC/DTO

Measures to protect

water bodies from

water pollution

Contractor/project/LRU

Gs

observation, observation of open

defecation and waste disposal

around water sources; chemical

parameters test

Site inspection, test of

site-selected samples of

water at laboratory

Once in a six

months during

construction; Upon

demand for testing

with field kit

DCC/DTO

Adequate technical

and environmental

supervision

Project/DTO Adequate number of technicians

regularly at site

Check number and type

of technicians available

at site;

Skill of work carried out;

discussion

Twice a month

during

construction

DoLIDAR/MoFALD


Table 31: Impacts/ Effects Monitoring for the Proposed Project

S.N Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification methods Monitoring

locations

Schedule Responsible monitoring

agency

1 Change in Land Use Changing Agricultural land,

forest land, settlement area

and barren land

Site observation,

photos, discussion

with communities

DIZ, IIZ and project

affected then VDCs

Continuously

during

construction

and operation

Proponent/Consultant

2 Slope Instability,

land erosion and

induced landslide

Inclination, Slope failures,

causes; Drainage facilities

such as side drains and

functionality of cross

drainage structures; Fresh

gullies and erosion;

Success/failure of bio-

engineering

Site observation and

interviews, photos,

geo-referencing sites

At specific locations

where such sites

occur

During

construction


3 Stockpiling of

Construction

Materials

Affected aesthetic value,

affected forest, standing

crops and agriculture land,

initiated land erosion by local

blocked drainage, hazard to

downstream slope residents

and public and

Site observation,

photos,

Stockpiling site areas During

construction


4 Spoil Disposal

Initiated erosion, affected

aesthetic value, affected

forest and agriculture,

initiated land erosion by local

blocked drainage, hazard to

downhill slope residents and

agricultural lands

Site observation and

interviews, photos,

geo-referencing sites

At specific locations

where such sites

occur

During

construction


5 Noise and dust

pollution

Total Suspended Solid,

Particulates, Noise level

Visual inspection,

measurement, and

comparison with

baseline data, tests

At construction sites

and at sensitive spots

During

construction

and operation




locations


agency

6 Use of fuel,

lubricants, oil, acids

and other chemicals

container and disposed pit,

vehicles and equipments

Visual inspection,

Interview with local

people,

In and around the

construction sites

During

construction


7 Road safety

measures

Speed controls, traffic

signboards, ROW

encroachment,

Pedestrian/cyclist and cattle

passageways and speed

bumps

Observation, photos

and interaction with

local peoples

In and around the

RoW

Throughout

project, once in

a year


8 Road accidents

Type and number of

accident occurred Adequacy

of occupational safety

measures provided

Observations, Photos,

spot checks, interview

with local peoples

Road alignment Throughout

project, once in

a year


9 Loss of forest

Numbers of trees, presence

of ground vegetation, signs

of illicit logging and

extraction of NTFPs

Observations, DFO

records, photos, stake-

holder interviews

In and around the

project sites

During

construction

and

operation

Proponent/Contractor

CFUG, DFO

10 Wild life

Wildlife hunting trapping and

poaching by work force,

Trade of wildlife,

Biological survey on

selected biota


people / DFO, photos

Observations

Forest areas at

roadside

Throughout

project

Contractor, DFO

11 Health and

sanitation Issues

Visible disease and health

problems, sanitation status,

dust, solid waste,

Records, interaction

and record from local

health centers

Project area During

operation

DCC/Municipalty/DHO/LRUC

12 Cultural, religious

and historical sites

Cultural and religious

infrastructure, people

perception, practices

Records, Observation,


people,

Project area During

operation

DCC/Municipalty/LRUC



locations


agency

13 Occupational and

safety hazard

Safety equipments like

helmets, globes, boots etc.,

insurance, Potable water,

basic first aid kit

Observation, records

and interview with

workers

Construction camp

and working area

During

construction

DCC/Municipalty/LRUC

14 Possible

township/ribbon

development along

the road

Congestions to road users

Nos. of accidents, RoW

encroachment

Records, observations Project Area During

operation

DCC/DRO


Monitoring Cost

228. Total cost of environmental monitoring (field visits, observation, review of reports and

report preparation) is estimated NRs. 240,000.00 as given in Table 32.

Table 32 : Environmental Monitoring Cost

Description Duration

(month)

Rate (NRs) Amount (NRs) Schedule

3rd party Monitoring After the

completion of

80% work

Environmental

Specialist

1 75,000.00 75,000.00

Support Staff 1 25,000.00 25,000.00

Transportation cost LS 50,000.00

Report preparation LS 20,000.00

Sampling and Lab

test

LS 20,000.00

Central level monitoring (Monitoring by MoFALD)

Monitoring cost LS 50,000.00

Total Envronmental Monitoring Cost 240,000.00

9.6 Summary Cost for Environment Mitigation Cost

229. Most of the mitigation measures suggested would be a part of road design and

construction without additional cost. The total cost of environment mitigation cost is

summarized in the Table 33 below.

Table 33: Cost Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures

SN Particulars Estimated Budget

NRs.

1 Environment Management cost

1.1 Waste management Training 250,000.00

1.2 Awareness raising training 100,000.00

1.3 Enhancement in Technical Skills 100,000.00

1.4 Information Signboard 50,000.00

1.5 Compensatory plantation 895,131.75

1.6 Roadside plantation 100,000.00

1.7 Environmental monitoring cost 240,000.00

Sub Total (i) 1,735,131.75

2 Other environmental cost(included in civil works cost also)

2.1 Bio-engineering work 1,471,312.97

2.2 GPA Insurance(occupational helath and safety) 1,500,000

2.3 Structural/Side Drain/Cross Drainage works 157,132,293.57

Sub Total (ii) 160,103,606.54

Total (i+ii) 161,838,738.29


230. The cost of Cross drainage, side drains and slope stabilization measures as civil

engineering structure and bio engineering works are included in separate Bill of quantities.

Moreover, compensation related expenses and GESI plan implementation expenditure will

be addressed by separate Resettlement Plan (RP) and GESI Plan respectively.


10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

231. The implementation of proposed Lalit Ghumti Road (Godamchaur - Godavari -

Badikhel - Lelebhanjyang road section) is expected to bring a substantial set of beneficial

impacts, providing improved transportation access of Lalitpur to rural people of that district

and region. Besides providing access, the project will also provide other benefits both during

the construction and the operational stages. Major beneficial impacts during the construction

stage include the employment generation, wage income, increase in local economy, and

enhancement of technical skills and know-how among local communities. During operation

stage, the transportation and access standard will be enhanced. Access to social services

will be easier for the people of the project then VDCs areas of the district. It will contribute

long term positive impact for the development of the local and regional areas and people.

232. The proposed project area does not fall under any environmentally sensitive area.

The present IEE study shows that the projects will not severe impacts on physical, biological,

socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area. Most of the adverse impacts

identified and predicted are of minimal and short to medium terms as well as reversible in

nature. However, cut slope failures have been observed on road alignment, which need

necessary measures to be employed during and after the construction work. Most of the

identified environmental adverse impacts are locally confined, and limited mainly to the

period of construction. It is concluded that with the set of proposed mitigation measures,

most of the impacts can be minimized or mitigated during construction and operation

phases.

233. Hence, the proposed road construction work does not exceed any of the prescribed

thresholds by EPA, 1997 and EPR, 1997 (with amendments,) and other relevant Acts and

Rules.


REFERENCE

CBS 2011, National Census Report, Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu

DDC Profile of Lalitpur District, 2013

Department of Roads, 2000. Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road

Sector of Nepal. Geo-Environment Unit, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Nepal.

Department of Roads, 2002, Reference Manual for Roadside Bioengineering

DoLIDAR 1999, APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads.

Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, 1999

DoR, 2003. Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road

Development, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Department of Road, Kathmandu.

Environment Examination Resource Book, 2013, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local

Development, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu.

Environmental and Social Management Framework, 2009 (Revised), DoLIDAR, Lalitpur,

MoFALD 2013,

GoN 1993, National EIA guidelines

GoN 1998,Environmental Guide for Small Rural Infrastructure Projects, Government of

Nepal, Ministry of Local Development in collaboration with IUCN, July 1998

GoN 1999, Approach for development of Agricultural and Rural roads

GoN 1999, Local Self Governance Act, 1999 and Land Acquisition Act, 1977

GoN 2000. Environment Protection Act, 1997 and Environment Protection Rules, 1997

(amended in 1999). Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books

Management Board for MoSTE, Kathmandu.

Khadka, R.B, S. Gorgule. Joshi, A.R. Guragain S., Mathema, A.B.,(2013), Environment

Impact Assessment: Process, methods and Practices in South Asia(Bangladesh, Bhutan,

India and Nepal)

Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2055, 1st revision, Department of Local Infrastructure

Development and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR), Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local

Development

SSRN, 2011/2012, Statistics of Strategic Road Network, Government of Nepal, Ministry of

Physical Planning, Works and Transport Management, Department of Road (DoR).

Uprety, B.K, 2003.Safeguarding the resources, Environmental Impact Assessment: Process

and Practice.


Annex I: Approved ToR for IEE Study


Annex II : Project Cost

A) Abstract of Cost

Item

No.

Description of works Unit Quantity Rate(NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks

1 GENERAL ITEMS

1.1

Insurance of works, plants, materials, loss and damage to

equipments, Contractor's workmen and employees and third party

insurance against damage to other persons and property as per

GCC clause 13.

L.S. 1.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00

1.2

Provide site office at mid-section of the road having rooms size:

3m*4m each at location acceptable to the project manager within

the contract package with accommodation facilities as specified in

special provision

month 18.00 18,000.00 324,000.00

1.3

Carry out additional tests for material and works as required and

instructed by the Engineer.(GCC Clause No. 33.1)

PS 1.00 150,000.00 150,000.00

1.4

Relocation of the utilities (water supply, telephone, etc,) and

services as instructed by the Engineer as per DoLIDAR-Technical

Specifications for Labour Based Construction Work of Agricultural

& Rural Roads (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-10.

PS 1.00 1,200,000.00 1,200,000.00

1.5

Carry out maintenance of the existing road to keep the road

serviceable throughout the contract period. Also provide and

maintain traffic safety, control measures and temporary diversions

during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid

dust pollution as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR

Clause No. G-12.

month 18.00 10,000.00 180,000.00

1.6

Supply and provide rental Four Wheel Drive Double cap Pickup

Vehicle with full option including fuel, driver'wages, major & minor

maintenances etc for the Engineer for supervision works as

month 18.00 150,000.00 2,700,000.00


Item

No.


specified

1.7

Provide and installation of project information board of size 1.80

mx1.2 m along with iron posts including excavation, concreting,

backfilling etc all complete as per DoR Standard Specification for

Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-108

No. 3.00 10,000.00 30,000.00

1.8

Provision and maintenance of labour camps payable monthly in

equal instalments as per DoR Standard Specification for Road

and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-109 (3)

month 18.00 15,000.00 270,000.00

1.9

Establish, maintain and operate labaratory at the site with

equipments furnishing required for testing specified quality of the

materials as per DoR-SSRBW, Section-511

Month 18.00 16,000.00 288,000.00

1.10

Environmental Mitigation Works as Instructed by the Engineer

(DOR Section 103)

PS 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00

1.11

Social compliance and safeguards as instructed by the Engineer

(DOR Section 103)

PS 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00

Sub Total 7,242,000.00

2 SITE CLEARANCE WORKS

2.1 Site Clearance : Clearing and Grubbing including cutting of all

types of plants as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifcations for

Labour Based Construction of Agricultural and Rural Raods (Tech.

Spec. for LBCWARR) Clause No.: 1-1.5(a), 1-1.5(b) & 1-1.6

Sqm 28,600.00 27.24 779,064.00

Sub Total 779,064.00

3 EARTHWORKS

3.1 Excavation in roadway and drain in all types of soil materials

including removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at

approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIDAR-

Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-1

cum 170,462.03 54.93 9,363,479.30

3.2 Excavation in foundation in structure in all types of soil materials cum 18,504.31 100.57 1,860,978.45


Item

No.


including removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at

approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIdar-Tech.

Spec, for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-5

3.3 Construction of embankments, shoulders and other

miscellaneous filling with approved materials as per design and

drawing as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause

No.2-5

cum 22,645.41 72.55 1,642,924.49

3.4

Transportation of material beyond the initial lead within 1 km

distance with safe disposal sites as instructed by the engineer.

cum 82,684.03 52.59 4,348,353.13

Sub Total 17,215,735.37

4

STRUCTURAL/ SIDE DRAIN/ CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS

4.1 Supply machine made fabrication of gabion boxes of different

sizes with hexagonal mesh size of 100 mm x 120 mm including

rolling, cutting and weaving (mesh wire 3.0 mm, selvedge wire 3.9

mm, binding wire 2.4 mm, all heavy zinc coated

wires),assembling, placing in position, packing and filling of gabion

create with rubble stone and tying by 2.4 mm binding wires all

complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.

17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6

Cum 10,176.69 4,332.36 44,089,084.68

4.2 Provide and place Geo-textile all complete as per drawing and

specifications as per (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404,3110)

sq.m 6,120.00 149.24 913,348.80

4.3 Stone masonry work including full compensation for all labour,

materials and other incidentals required to complete the work as

per the specifications and drawings. It includes full compensation

for using specially dressed stones on the face of wall with batter

and provisions for weep hole as necessary as per DoLIDAR-Tech.

Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8


Item

No.


4.2.1 Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works

in M 5 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete

Cu.m. -

4.3.1 Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works

in M 5 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete

Cu.m. 11,147.72 7,489.90 83,495,308.02

4.4 Supply and Place stone Soling as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for

LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6

Cu.m. 2,259.96 2,546.75 5,755,553.13

4.5 Supply & place approved coarse sand filling with 150 mm layer

compaction

Cu.m. 96.46 549.58 53,012.48

4.6 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 10 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec.

for LBCWARR Clause No. 11

Cu.m. 178.27 8,647.37 1,541,566.64



Cu.m. 1,089.20 10,450.20 11,382,357.84



Cu.m. 217.02 12,664.24 2,748,393.36

4.9 Supply & place TMT high tensile strength steel reinforcement of

specified grade ( Fe 500) for RCC works including bending,

centring & binding in position as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for

LBCWARR Clause No. 10

Kg 9,141.04 103.93 950,028.28

4.10 Supply, Laying, fitting and fixing of hume pipe class NP3. It

includes all operations required to complete the work and the

jointing of pipes with 1:2 cement sand mortar as per DoLIDAR-

Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 15-5 and 15-6

4.11.

1

450m (for irrigation purpose) Rm - 4,711.87 -

4.10.

2

900mm Rm 97.50 12,968.27 1,264,406.32

4.11 Supply & place100 mm Dia. HDPE Pipe for weep hole as per

Nepal Standard & directed by Engineer

Rm - 429.00 -


Item

No.


4.12 Supply & place Heavy Duty GI pipe (Dia 40 mm) for railing as per

Nepal Standard & directed by the Engineer

Rm - 398.00 -

4.10.

2

600 mm Rm 654.90 6,621.01 4,336,099.44

4.13 Preparation of bedding with granular materials (coarse sand) as

per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.17-2.2,17-

2.3,17-5 and 17-6

Cu.m 28.80 1,582.83 45,585.50

4.14 Backfilling behind structure works with approved soil materials

with compaction as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR

Clause No-2.5

Cu.m 952.86 436.43 415,856.68

4.15 Supply & install steel reinforcement (Fe 500) of size 50 cm*30 cm

(main bar 16 mm dia and distn bar 12mm dia @5 cm c/c

bothways) with gutter as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCW

clause No. 10

No. 20.00 750.00 15,000.00

Supply and place formwork for concrete works with all complete

as per DOLIDAR Item 39-9-b

Sqm 115.04 1,101.29 126,692.40

Sub Total 157,132,293.57

5 PAVEMENT WORKS

5.1 Preparation of subgrade for rehabilitation works as per DoR-

SSRBW (Standard Specification for Road & Bridge Works, 2001)

SECTION No. 1003

Sqm 85,536.56 29.67 2,537,869.73

5.2 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of

natural sand gravel sub base grading as specified and according

to the designed camber all complete as per DoR-SSRBW

SECTION No. 1201

Cu.m. 12,830.48 1,220.60 15,660,883.88

5.3 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of

crushed stone Aggregate for base course of 10 cm thickness

according to the designed camber all complete as per as per DoR-

Cu.m. 2,557.50 2,717.21 6,949,264.57


Item

No.


SSRBW SECTION No. 1202

5.4 Providing and spraying bituminous prime coat MC30/MC70

including cleaning the road surface using wire, brushes, broom etc

before applying prime coat as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No.

1301 & 1302

Lit 25,575.00 163.39 4,178,699.25

5.5 Supplying and preparing 20 cm thick stone pitching work on the

prepared granular bedding with stone available at site

Lit 25,575.00 163.39 4,178,699.25

5.6 Providing, mixing, laying and compaction of premixconcrete of 30

mm thick all complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1307 &

1308

Cu.m. 767.25 14,386.37 11,037,942.38

Sub Total 44,543,359.06

6 ROAD FURNITURE / TRAFFIC SIGN BOARD

6.1 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at

each km) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all

complete as per specification and drawings (DOR-SSRBW

SECTION No. 1501)

Nos 10.00 2,641.50 26,415.00

6.2 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at 5km

interval ) all complete including painting, and writing etc. all

complete as per specification and drawings (DOR-SSRBW

SECTIONNo. 1501)

Nos 5.00 6,456.50 32,282.50

6.3 Supplying and fixing in place R.C.C.delineater and guard post

including excavation,paintng,and erectionetc. all complete as final

drawing (DOR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1504)

Nos 312.00 779.72 243,272.64

6.4 Supplying and erecting traffic sign in place including 50 mm dia

steel tube, 2mm thick steel plate, cement concrete, painting,

writing and supporting steel angle nut and bolt etc complete as per

DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501)

6.4.1 60 cm dia circular, 60 cm equilateral triangle and 60 x 45 cm Nos 15.00 1,833.09 27,496.35


Item

No.


rectangular shaped sign (Single post)

6.4.2 1.2m x 0.75 m size bigger traffic sign with back support and two or

more post

Nos 10.00 5,156.78 51,567.80


7 Bioengineering

7.1 Slope trimming work (DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 4 Spec.Clause

No.: 2-1.3.2,2-1.8 and 2-1.95)

sqm 500.00 79.35 39,675.00

7.2 Construction of Rip-rap drain with the stone pitching work of 20

cm thick and 1.2 m wide. (DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 49)

Rm 50.00 365.23 18,261.50

7.3 Dry stone check/toe walls for segmentation and support of slopes

DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 38, Tech. Spec. clause No. 8

cum 72.80 2,977.00 216,725.60

7.4 Gabion check / toe wall for slope protection (DoLIDAR Norms

Serial No: 45)

cum 218.19 4,332.36 945,277.62

7.5 Brush layering work: including preparation of terraces of 30 - 40

cm wide and laying live cuttings of selected Species along the

terrace @ 5 cm c/c with 2/3 of cuttings in to terrace and leaving

one bud and up to 1/3 of the cuttings sticking beyond the terrace

edge

( Cutting can be of assuro,simali etc of 45 - 60 m length)

DoLIDAR Spec.Clause no.70-6.7 b

Rm 1,000.00 126.21 126,210.00

7.6 Planting rooted grass slips on slopes < 45˚ including preparation of slips on site. Operation includes digging planting holes to a

maximum of 5 cm depth with metal or hardwood peg, depending

on nature of soil. The planting drills should be spaced 10 cm

apart.( DoLIDAR Norms Serial No: 68)

sqm 500.00 247.20 123,600.00

7.7 Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting,

transplanting, composting and placing tree guards, on toe of

embankment slopes in plain areas, not less than 8 m from the

Nos 25.00 62.53 1,563.25


Item

No.


road centre line. Pit size 30 cm diameter×30 cm depth. Compost

volume ⅟₄ of the volume of pit, mixed with original soil. (DoLIDAR

Norms Serial No: 69)

Sub-Total 1,471,312.97

8 DAY WORKS

8.1 Supply of labour as required as per preamble and as instructed

by the Engineer.

Unskilled labour m/d 300.00 575.00 172,500.00

Skilled Labour m/d 100.00 785.00 78,500.00

8.2 Supply of excavator for maintenance of road as required and

instructed by engineer

hrs 60.00 1,800.00 108,000.00

8.3 Provided Built Up Drawing As Completed L.S. 1.00 75,000.00 75,000.00


A Total 229,198,799.3

B VAT @13% of ( A ) 29,795,843.90

C Total including VAT 258,994,643.2

D Contingency @ 3% of (A) 6,875,963.98

E Physical Contingency @ 10% of (A) 22,919,879.93

Grand Total 288,790,487.1

E Cost Per Kilometer of construction works including

bioengineering

16,255,233.99


B) Total Project Cost

SN Particulars Amount (NRs.)

1 Environment Management cost

1.1 Training (Entrepreneurship, Horticulture, microcredit) 250,000.00

1.2 Awareness Raising Training 100,000.00

1.3 Enhancement in Technical Skills 100,000.00

1.4 Information Signboard 50,000.00

1.5 Compensatory plantation Re-plantation / Re-forestation 895,131.75

1.6 Roadside plantation 100,000.00

1.7 Environmental monitoring cost 240,000.00

Sub Total (i) 1,735,131.75

2 Other environmental cost(included in civil works cost also)

2.1 Bio-engineering work 1,471,312.97

2.2 GPA Insurance(occupational helath and safety) 1,500,000

2.3 Structural/Side Drain/Cross Drainage works 157,132,293.57

Sub Total (ii) 160,103,606.54

Total (i+ii) 161,838,738.29

2 Civil Work Cost

2.1 Total Civil Cost (Including VAT and Contingencies) 288,790,487.10

2.2 Other environmental cost included in civil works cost 161,838,738.29

2.3 Civil work cost excluding other environmental cost (B) 126,951,748.78

3 Resettlement Plan Cost

3.1 Compensation cost (land, trees, relocation cost for private

and community structures within RoW)

111,250,255.83

3.2 Deed transfer assistance and fees 898,800.00

3.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement training 1,520,000.00

3.4 Contingency (20%) 22,429,811.17

Sub-total (C) 136,098,867.00

4 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost

4.1 Capacity Development Training 50,000.00

4.2 Awareness Campaign on WASH and Psycho-social

Counseling Program

50,000.00

Sub-total (D) 100,000.00

Total Project Cost (A+B+C+D) 424,989,354.07


C) Resettlement Cost

S.N. Budget Unit Total

loss

Amount (NRs.) Remarks

1. DIRECT COST

1.1 Land Compensation of

Interviewed HHs

Ha. 0.52 18,369,598.9 188 Interviewed

HHs

1.2 Land Compensation of

Absentees’ HHs

Ha. 0.52 19,370,628.1 203 Absentees’ HHs

1.3 Compensation for Non- Ha. 1.13 41,301,710.8 161 Non-

Registered Plots Registered Land

1.4 Guthi Land Ha. 0.09 3,065,009.0 21 plots

1.5 Company Land Ha. 0.07 2276,000.8 11 plots

1.6 Compensation of (Private Trees,

CFUGs Trees, GoN Trees,

Religious forest

No. 93,213.83

1.7 Private structures No. 124 18,861,852.6 124 Structures

1.8 Public structures No. 6 6,993,741.9 6 Public Structures

1.9 Material Transportation Cost No. 29 414,000.0

1.10 Businesss allowance No. 3 125,000.0

1.11 Relocation Cost No. 26 379,500.0

Sub Total 111,250,255.83

2. INDIRECT COST

2.1 Deed Transfer Fees plots 642 64,2000.00 @1000

2.2 Management cost for absentees' HHs 642 256,800.00 @400


3 Income Generation and Livelihood

Improvement Program[2]

LS 1,520,000.00

Subtotal (1+2+3) 113,669,055.83

4 Contingency (20%) 22,429,811.17

GRAND TOTAL(1+2+3+4) 136,098,867.00


Annex III: Public Notice


English translation of Notice Published

Government of Nepal

Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development

Office of District Development committee, Lalitpur

Public notice on the Initial Environmental Examination

(Date of first publication: 2071/03/25)

Government of Nepal (GoN), Office of District Development committee, Lalitpur as a

proponent, Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program – Phase 2

(RRRSDP - 2) of Department Of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads

(DoLIDAR) working for upgrading with easy access of the given roads is proposed for the

conduction.

S.N Proposed Road Length

(Km)

Affected VDC

1. Godavari khola corridor Road 25 Godavari, Thaiba, Siddipur and Imadol

2. Lalit Ghumti Road 25 Lamatar, Lubhu, Bisankhunarayan,

Badikhel, Godavari and Chhampi

3. Nallu – Chaudhara – Unichaur

- katuwanibesi Road

18 Nallu, Chaudhara, Bukhel, Manikhel and

Gotikhel

Mentioned district roads are proposed according to Nepal rural road standard 2056

(amendment 2069) with 5.25m width and 20m RoW (10 m in each side from the centerline of

the road. Before implementing the proposed project, according to the provision of

Environment Protection Act (EPA) 2053 and Environment Protection Rule (EPR) 2054;

Approved ToR from Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, the Initial

Environment Examination (IEE) study is ongoing. Therefore the physical, biological, socio-

economic and cultural aspect and its impact in the ZoI of project area; as per the provision of

the Rule 7 (2) of the Environment Protection Rules 1997, first time published notice, it is

requested to provide comments and suggestions about the impacts on the environment

through the implementation of sub-project, from the relevant VDCs, school, health post,

forest office and forest user group, concerned stakeholders, organization and local people

within 15 days from the first date of its publication in the following address. The comments

and suggestions can be directly sent to concern Ministry.

Proponent Consultant Concerned Ministry

Office of District

Development Committee,

Lalitpur

Tel: 5523410, 5536312

Fax: 5533215


[email protected]

ERMC Pvt. Ltd.

Baneshwor, Kathmandu

Tel: 01-4483064,

9851199190

Email:

[email protected]

Ministry of Federal affairs

and Local Development,

Singhadurbar, Kathmandu

Tel: 01-4200000, 01-

4200309

Email: [email protected]/

env@ mofald.gov.np/env

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]/


Annex IV : Deed of Inquiry (Muchulka)


Annex V : Recommendation Letter


Annex VI: Meeting Minutes with Local People


Annex VII: Trees to be Cut down

A) Trees to be Cut from Community Forest

Name of CF Chainage Species Scientific Name No. of

Trees

Compensatory

plantation (1:25)

Rate/Plant

(NRs.)

Total Cost

(NRs.) From To

Godamchaur

CF

0+580 0+620 Chilaune Schima wallichii 1 25 164.05 4101.25

Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 25 4101.25

Sub-Total 2 50 8202.5

Bistachhap

CF

0+820 1+200 Salla Pinus roxburghii 11 275 45113.8

Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 50 8202.5

Sub-Total 13 325 53316.3

Jayabhadre

CF

7+420 7+700 Chilaune Schima wallichii 25 625 102531

Jamuna Syzygiun cumini 1 25 4101.25

Kafal Myrica esculenta 4 100 16405

Uttis Alnus nepalensis 4 100 16405

Katus Castanopsis indica 1 25 4101.25

Others 1 25 4101.25

Sub-Total 36 900 147645

Golintaha CF 9+710 10+500 Salla Pinus roxburghii 5 125 20506.3

Kafal Myrica esculenta 7 175 28708.8

Chilaune Schima wallichii 38 950 155848

Lakuri Fraxinus floribunda 2 50 8202.5


Seti kath Hymenodictyon excelsum 2 50 8202.5

Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris 2 50 8202.5

Mauwa Madhuca longifolia 2 50 8202.5


Laligurans Rhododendron arboreum 1 25 4101.25

Sub-Total 63 1575 258379

Kumari CF 11+02

1

11+120 Chilaune Schima wallichii 5 125 20506.3



Name of CF Chainage Species Scientific Name No. of

Trees

Compensatory

plantation (1:25)

Rate/Plant

(NRs.)

Total Cost

(NRs.) From To

Salla Pinus roxburghii 1 25 4101.25

Bhalayo Rhus succedanea 1 25 4101.25

Sub-Total 8 200 32810

Bandevi CF 13+02

0

13+880 Kafal Myrica esculenta 6 150 24607.5

Chilaune Schima wallichii 12 300 49215


paiyu Prunus cerasoides 1 25 4101.25



Sub-Total 22 550 90227.5

Chandol CF 13+88

0

14+400 Chilaune Schima wallichii 27 675 110734


Kafal Myrica esculenta 3 75 12303.8

Jhigane Eurya acuminata 1 25 4101.25

Mauwa Madhuca longifolia 3 75 12303.8


Sub-Total 39 975 159949

Mankamna

Darmik Ban

0+620 0+820 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 10 250

41012.5

Siris Albezia lebbek 3 75 12303.8


Sub-Total 14 350 57417.5

National

Forest

6+540 6+880 Chilaune Schima wallichii 20 500 82025

Sub-Total 20 500 82025

Total 217 5,425 88,9971


B) Trees to be Cut from Private Land

Chainage Address

Species Scientific Name No. of

Trees

Compensato

ry plantation

(1:1)

Rate/Pla

nt (NRs.)

Total

Cost

(NRs.) From To

0+400 0+410 Godamchaur Chilaune Schima wallichii 7 7 67.90 475.3


Bamboo(jhyang) 1 1 67.9

7+456 7+500 Godavari Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 67.9

7+660 7+860 Kitini Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 135.8


Aaru Prunus persica 1 1 67.9


8+700 8+720 Kitini Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 135.8


11+180 11+240 Badikhel/

pahari ghau

Bamboo(jhyang) 18 18 1222.2



kutmiro Litsea monopelata 1 1 67.9

11+680 11+720 Badikhel/

pahari ghau


Total 76 76 5160.4


C) Calculation of Plantation Cost in CF

Item

No.

Description Unit Total

quantity

Rate

(NRs.)

Amount (NRs.) Remarks

Seedling cost No 1760 20 35,200.00

20 Plantation per ha

20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 575 1,725.00

20.2(b) Site clearance Persondays 10 575 5,750.00 25% shrubs and grasses

20.3 Fixing of pit distance (1600 pits) Persondays 3 575 1,725.00

20.5(a)i Pitting of 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 575 18,400.00 50% slope

20.6(a)iii Seedling transportation Persondays 6 575 3,450.00 1 km distance

20.6(b)iii Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 575 1,725.00

20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 575 11,500.00 Up to 50% slope

32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 575 10,350.00

32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 575 5,175.00

33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 575 14,375.00 Up to 50% slope

Sub-total 109,375.00

35 Fencing per 200 running meter

35.2(a)ii Preparation of 100 poles of 30-40cm girth and

1.8m height

Persondays 8 575 4,600.00

35.4 Five line barbed wire fencing (100 running meter)

35.4(a) Barbed wire (14 gauge) Kg 143 125 71,500.00

Wooden pole (10cmx10cmx1.8m) No 88 No

cost

Unail Kg 4.2 125 2,100.00

35.3(b) Pitting for poles Persondays 14 575 32,200.00

35.4(c) Stretching and tightening of barbed wire Persondays 24 575 55,200.00

Sub-total 165,600.00

Total 274,975.00

Contingency (5%) 13,748.75

Grand Total 288,723.75

Per plant cost 164.05 1600+10% plants with 2.5m

x 2.5m spacing


D) Calculation of Plantation Cost in Private land

Plantation Cost for trees on private land

Item no. Description Unit Total

quantity

Rate (NRs.) Amount (NRs.) Remarks

Seedling cost No 1760 30 52,800.00

20 Plantation per ha

20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 575 1,725.00

20.5(a)i Pitting 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 575 18,400.00 50% slope

20.6(a) Seedling transportation Persondays 6 575 3,450.00 1 km distance

20.6(b) Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 575 1,725.00

20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 575 11,500.00 Up to 50% slope

32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 575 10,350.00

32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 575 5,175.00

33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 575 14,375.00 Up to 50% slope

Total 119,500.00

Per plant cost 67.90


E) Compensatory Plantation Agreement

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lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no /

lhNnf jg sfof{no /

;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq

s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . uf]bfdrf}/ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .


%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] @ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= *,@)@=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? &,#!)=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= *(@=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] .

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6

lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6

;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6

x:tfIf/M gfdM kbM ldltM 5fkM





lhNnf jg sfof{no /


Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq

s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . lai65fk ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .


%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf

lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM

;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !# ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -#@% ?vx?_

jfkt hDdf g] ?= %#,#!^=@% lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf

a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? $&,%!*=@% ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL

/sd g] ?= %,&(*=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6







lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no

/ lhNnf jg sfof{no

/ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf

-Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u

k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . hoe›] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .


%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf

lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM

;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] #^ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -()) ?vx?_

jfkt hDdf g] ?= !$&,^$%=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf

a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !#!,%*(=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL

/sd g] ?= !^,)%^=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6








lhNnf jg sfof{no /



s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . Uff]lng6fxf ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .


%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM

;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ^# ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -!%&% ?vx?_

jfkt hDdf g] ?= @%*,#&*=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf

a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? @#),@*)=*) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL

/sd g] ?= @*,)(*=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6








lhNnf jg sfof{no /


Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq

s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . s'df/L ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ . %= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ .


v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] * ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -@)) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= #@,*!)=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? @(,@$@=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= #,%^*=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6








lhNnf jg sfof{no /



s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . jgb]lj ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .


%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] @@ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -@%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= #@,*!)=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? *),$!%=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= (,*!@=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6








lhNnf jg sfof{no /



s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . r08f]n ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .


%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] #( ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -(&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !%(,($*=&% lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !$@,%%$=*) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !&,#($+=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6








lhNnf jg sfof{no /

wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf


s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -wf=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . @= wf=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn nlntk'/ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . dgsfdgf wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x 'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .


%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !$ ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -#%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= %&,$!&=%) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . !—klxnf] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? %!,!&#=%) ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -wf=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tf a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= ^,@$$=)) ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6


wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6






lhNnf jg sfof{noxsf] aLrdf

Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq

s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, nlntk'/ != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0fsfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg] . @= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg ug]{ . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ . @= lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug{{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{ Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf ;xof]u ug]{ . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ . %= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno÷;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf÷lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, nlntk'/ != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ . @= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . $= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] @)) ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -%)) lj?jf_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= *@,)@%=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .


!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? &#,!)%=)) lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg] . @—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= *,(@)=)) lhNnf jg sfof{no nfO{ pknAw u/fpg]] .

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷ lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6





F. Plantation Plan in District

Compensatory Plantation

Requirements for Plantation Activities

1) Coordination with DFO - Meeting will be held with DFO and CFUGs to discuss about the

plantation management

2) Agreement with DFO/CFUGs/DCC - Agreement will be done with DFO and DCC/DTO

for the compensatory plantation

3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation

From DFO/CFUG nursery

From private nursery owner from districts

Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts.

4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by DFO

and survey will be done.

5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned DFO/CFUG.

6) Pitting - Pits of 45cmx30cm x 30cm size will be dug.

7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites

8) Planting - It will be done by the DFO/CFUGs in the starting of monsoon

9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by

weeds.

10) Survival count - Before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty

replacement before next monsoon.

Plan of Action for Plantation in CF, RF and NF

Activities May

18

Jun

18

Jul

18

Aug

18

Sep

18

Oct

18

Nov

18

Dec

18

Jan

19

Agreement with

DFO/CFUG/RF

UG/DCC

Managing

planting stock

Survey of

plantation area

Fencing

Pitting

Transportation

of seedlings

Planting

Weeding

Survival count


Roadside Plantation

1) Coordination with local communities, Municipality and DFO - Meeting will be held with

concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO to discuss about the plantation

management

2) Agreement with concerned stakeholders - Agreement will be done with concerned local

communities, Municipality and DFO for the road side plantation

3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation

From DFO nursery



4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by

concerned local communities, Municipality, and DFO and survey will be done.

5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO.

6) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on species


8) Planting - It will be done in the starting of monsoon

9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by

weeds.

10) Survival count - before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty

replacement before next monsoon.

Plan of Action for Roadside Plantation

Activities May 18 June 18 July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18

Agreement with local

communities, Municipality

and DFO

Managing planting stock

Survey of plantation area

Fencing

Pitting

Transportation of seedlings

Planting

Weeding

Survival count


Plantation in Private Land

Coordination with affected landowner - Meeting will be held with concerned affected

landowner to discuss about the plantation trees in their land.

1) Managing planting stock

From DFO/CFUG nursery



2) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified in

coordination with affected landowner.

3) Protection- Protection of planted trees will be done by the landowner.

4) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on the species.


6) Planting - It will be done by the affected landowner and cost will be provided in the

starting of monsoon

7) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce weed competition.


Annex VIII : Details on Structure Compensation Estimation


Annex IX: Photographs

Photo 1: Public consultation

during field study

Photo 2: Road alingment of Lalit

Gumti

Figure 3: Vegetation along the

road alingment

Photo 4: Study of rock and soil

along road alingment

Photo 5: Plant identification

Photo 6: Dbh measurement

during vegetation survey

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