Industrialization, Nationalism, Imperialism
Agricultural Revolution
• Crop rotation – system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land
Industrial Revolution
• The shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine
Why England?
• Britain has all the factors for production – land, labor, and capital
Land• Water power & coal to fuel new
machines
• Iron ore to construct machines, tools, & buildings
• Rivers for inland transportation
• Harbors for merchant ships
Labor• Agriculture revolution
increased food supply while decreasing demand for labor
• Workers moved into cities to look for jobs
Capital
• Growing overseas trade
• Highly developed banking system – encourage investment in new machinery and business
Railway Age
1. Spurred industrial growth – cheap way to transport materials and finished products
2. Created thousands of new jobs for railroad workers and miners
Railway Age
3. Boosted agricultural and fishing industries – transport to distant cities
4. Encouraged country people to take distant city jobs
Effects of Industrial Revolution
Urbanization
• Movement of people to cities
• Number of cities doubled
• Many cities doubled or even quadrupled in population
Effects of Industrial Revolution
Large Middle Class (neither rich nor poor)
• Upper middle – gov’t employees, doctors, lawyers, managers
• Lower middle – factory overseers, skilled workers
Effects of Industrial Revolution
Working Class
• Poor living conditions – crowded housing, no drains, widespread epidemics (avg city lifespan 17, rural area 38)
Effects of Industrial Revolution
Working Class
• Work 14 hours a day, 6 days a week – same as working on farm but more dangerous
Effects of Industrial Revolution
• Demand for education - created demand for engineers, clerical and professional workers
• Raised standard of living
• Provided hope of improvement in people’s lives
Effects of Industrial
Revolution
• Mass-produced clothing
European Imperialism in Africa, 1870-1898
In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms:
“Scramble for Africa”
Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
Effects of European Imperialism on Africa
European powers engaged in a “Scramblefor Africa” starting in the 1870s. By 1890,
most of Africa came under European control.
By 1890, onlyEthiopia
andLiberia
remainedindependent.
The major European powers to acquireAfrican territories were Great Britain,France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal,
and Italy.
The Frenchacquired muchof northwestern
Africa abovethe
Sahara, aswell asCentralAfrica.
King Leopold, the kingof Belgium, ruled
the Congo like his ownprivate estate. Natives
that did not supply enough rubber had
their hands cut off. Whilethe king profited, the people of the Belgian
Congo suffered greatly.
The Britishestablished
coloniesin West Africaand along the
length ofmost of EastAfrica fromEgypt to
South Africa.
Sometimes European imperialists cameinto conflict with one another. Disputes
among the imperial powers were workedout at the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885.
At the Berlin Conference, the remainderof Africa was divided up.
European imperialismhad many effects
on Africa. Europeancolonization had bothpositive and negative
effects on Africa.
A positive effect of European imperialismwas the introduction of modern
transportation and communication systems, such as telegraphs, railroads,
and telephones.
The introduction ofEuropean medicine and improved nutrition
led to an expansion of population.
However, there were many negativeeffects of European Imperialism
on Africa. African peoples were treatedas inferior to Europeans.
Europeans divided Africa and ignoredthe tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries
of the African people. This has led totribal conflicts in many African nations
that continue to this day.
Questions for Reflection:
• What was the “Scramble for Africa”?
• Why did the Berlin Conference occur?
• What European nations gained control of Africa?
• What were the positive effects of European imperialism on Africa?
• What were the negative effects of European imperialism on Africa?
Chapters 9-11Industrial Rev, Nationalism, Imperialism• 32 questions• 22 Multiple Choice (Chap. 9)• 10 True / False (Chapter 10-11)• 6 points each = 192 points• ***Homework project due Friday
12/21 for 100 points• 292 points earned this Friday!!
Test Review• Blue bolded concepts…like Urbanization,
Enclosure movement, etc…
• Inventors such as John Kay, Robert Fulton etc..
• People (Quotes) Alex de Tocqueville, Elizabeth Gaskell, Charles Dickens, Marx and Engels, Adam Smith, Jane Addams, etc…
• Child Labor Laws in England
Imperialism• 1850-1914
• A policy which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially
The New ImperialismCause
• Nationalism –To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade
The New ImperialismEffect• Colonization
–Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America
The New ImperialismCause
• Economic Competition
–Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies
The New Imperialism
Effect
• Colonial Economics
–Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies
The New ImperialismCause• Missionary Spirit
–Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world
The New ImperialismEffect• Christianization
–Christianity spreads to Africa, India, and Asia
–Kenya 78% Christians, 11 of 12 largest church in the world located in Seoul, South Korea (780,000 members)
Scramble for Africa
• Industrialization in Europe encouraged European nations to look for more resources for fuel their industrial production
Forces Driving ImperialismSocial Darwinism
• Europeans were superior due to scientific and technological progress
• Europeans believed they had the right and the duty to bring the results of their progress to other countries
Imperialism in Africa, 1878
Imperialism in Africa, 1913
British East India Company
• English company set up to pursue trade with East Indies, ended up trading with Indian subcontinent and China
• Ruled India from 1757 to 1858 – “Jewel in the crown”
British East India Company
• India became major supplier of raw materials for workshop in England during Industrial Revolution
• Traded cotton, silk, indigo dye, tea, opium
Impact of Colonialism in IndiaPositives ( T-Chart for pos and neg)
• Constructed 3rd largest railroad network in India
• Brought unity to connected regions
• Constructed modern road network, telephone, telegraph lines, dams, bridges
• Education, public health
Impact of Colonialism in India
Negatives
• British held political and economic power
• Restricted Indian-owned industries (textile)
• Emphasis on cash crops resulted in loss of self-sufficiency for people
Colonialism in Southeast Asia• British purchased Singapore and
build a harbor, becoming one of the busiest ports in the world
• Malaysia became huge exporter for tin and rubber
• British encouraged immigrants to move to Southeast Asia to work on plantation
Impact of Colonialism in Southeast Asia
Positives• Cash crops helped boost the
economy
• Improved communication and transportation with roads, harbors, and rail systems
• Improved education, health and sanitation
Impact of Colonialism in Southeast Asia
Negatives
• Immigrants from different regions creating a “melting pot” (or salad bowl?)
• Tensions between immigrants and natives due to race, culture, and religion
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