2012 U.S. History 2012 U.S. History End of Course Test End of Course Test

ReviewReview

Domain 3: Domain 3: Industrialization, Industrialization, Reform and Imperialism Reform and Imperialism

RailroadsRailroads Helped Helped growthgrowth, , expansion westexpansion west Easier accessEasier accessWest West East East

TranscontinentalTranscontinental Railroad: Railroad: Started: 1862, Completed: 1869Started: 1862, Completed: 1869 Built by Built by Irish, Chinese Irish, Chinese immigrantsimmigrantsDangerous conditionsDangerous conditionsSuffered racism, abuseSuffered racism, abuse

Big BusinessBig Business ““Robber BaronsRobber Barons””

Got richGot richdeveloping developing industriesindustries

John Rockefeller:John Rockefeller: Founded Founded Standard OilStandard Oil Largest trust inLargest trust inAmerica; controlledAmerica; controlledoil industryoil industry

Key figure in Key figure in industrial revolutionindustrial revolution

BiznassBiznass Trust: Trust: BusinessBusinessformed toformed tomonopolizemonopolizea market a market (eliminate (eliminate competition)competition)

Monopoly: Monopoly: Company has Company has complete control of complete control of marketmarket (no competition), can (no competition), can manipulate price of goodsmanipulate price of goods

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison PhonographPhonograph(Sound recorder)(Sound recorder)

Motion-pictureMotion-picturecamera camera (movies)(movies)

Electric light bulbElectric light bulb Do things after Do things after dark in dark in factories, factories, offices, homesoffices, homes

InventionsInventionsencouraged growth encouraged growth of industryof industry

Natives forced off Natives forced off lands by Americans lands by Americans settling the Westsettling the West

Wounded Knee:Wounded Knee: Last big armed Last big armed conflict conflict between between troops, Natives troops, Natives

Sitting Bull: Sitting Bull: LedLedNatives at Natives at Wounded KneeWounded Knee U.S. soldiers kill 300 (mostly) U.S. soldiers kill 300 (mostly) unarmed Native men, women, kidsunarmed Native men, women, kids

Native Americans, The WestNative Americans, The West

ImmigrationImmigration 1850-1900: 1850-1900: Immigration boomImmigration boom Seek better life, Seek better life, flee hardships,flee hardships,persecutionpersecution

Industrialization Industrialization led to immigration (Need cheap labor)led to immigration (Need cheap labor)

Ellis Island: Ellis Island: Reception center Reception center in NYCin NYC Immigrants likely to be poor, settle Immigrants likely to be poor, settle in tenements, slums, work factory jobsin tenements, slums, work factory jobs

Origin– Pre-Civil War: Origin– Pre-Civil War: Western EuropeWestern Europe;;Post-War: Post-War: Eastern, Southern EuropeEastern, Southern Europe

Chinese Exclusion Act Chinese Exclusion Act 18821882

Nativism Nativism (Opposing(Opposingimmigration)immigration)

Response to Response to large number of large number of Chinese working Chinese working (cheaply) in West (cheaply) in West

BBanned anned immigration of immigration of new Chinese to U.S. new Chinese to U.S.

Labor UnionsLabor Unions Organizations of Organizations of workers formed to workers formed to protect membersprotect members’’ interestsinterests

American American Federation of Federation of LaborLaborLed by Led by SamuelSamuelGompersGompers

Wages, hours, Wages, hours, conditionsconditions

Pullman Strike Pullman Strike (1894)(1894) Pullman StreetcarPullman Streetcarlays off workerslays off workers Union strikesUnion strikes Company Company closes plant closes plant

Boycott ofBoycott ofPullmanPullman Rail traffic stops-- no mail Rail traffic stops-- no mail deliverydelivery

President sends troops to end strikePresident sends troops to end strike GovGov’’t intervenes for Big Businesst intervenes for Big Business

American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism U.S. begins to flex U.S. begins to flex muscles in world, muscles in world, especially Central, especially Central, South AmericaSouth America More economic More economic markets for U.S.markets for U.S.

Maintain nationalMaintain nationalsecuritysecurity

Maintain national prideMaintain national pride Late 1800s: U.S. begins to acquire Late 1800s: U.S. begins to acquire colonies around worldcolonies around world

Isolationism: Isolationism: Do not expandDo not expand

Spanish-American War (1898)Spanish-American War (1898) Started by Started by explosion of explosion of U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine

Yellow Yellow Journalism:Journalism:SensationalizesSensationalizessituation, situation, blames Spainblames Spain

USA gets USA gets Guam, Puerto Rico, Guam, Puerto Rico, PhilippinesPhilippines

Cuba granted Cuba granted ‘‘independenceindependence’’ Platt Amendment: U.S. gets right to Platt Amendment: U.S. gets right to intervene in Cubaintervene in Cuba

Panama CanalPanama Canal T. Roosevelt wantedT. Roosevelt wantedcanal for U.S. shipscanal for U.S. ships Military, EconomicMilitary, Economic

To To connect Atlantic,connect Atlantic,Pacific Oceans Pacific Oceans totoavoid trip around avoid trip around South AmericaSouth America

U.S. helps PanamaU.S. helps Panamawin independencewin independencefrom Columbiafrom Columbia Gets land for canalGets land for canal

Returned to PanamaReturned to Panama

T. Roosevelt Corollary T. Roosevelt Corollary (1904)(1904)

Addition to Addition to Monroe DoctrineMonroe DoctrineMonroe: NoMonroe: NoEuropean European influence ininfluence inthe Americasthe Americas

Roosevelt: U.S. Roosevelt: U.S. has right to has right to intervene if intervene if nation has nation has trouble paying its debtstrouble paying its debts

Progressive EraProgressive Era Reform movementReform movement

In government, In government, business, societybusiness, society

Response to:Response to: Concentrated wealthConcentrated wealth Harsh work, livingHarsh work, livingconditionsconditions

GovGov’’t corruptiont corruption Called for:Called for:

Regulation of business, protect Regulation of business, protect workers and consumersworkers and consumers, conserve , conserve natural resources, morality lawsnatural resources, morality laws

Hull HouseHull House Opened by Opened by Jane AddamsJane Addams

““Settlement Settlement HouseHouse””in Chicagoin Chicago

Settlement houses builtSettlement houses builtin most major cities in most major cities Provided education,Provided education,health care and health care and services to the poorservices to the poorEspecially Especially women,women,immigrantsimmigrants

Led by Led by Theodore Theodore RooseveltRoosevelt to preserve to preserve more than more than 150 million 150 million acresacres

Created National Park System Created National Park System to to protect land from protect land from developmentdevelopment

Conservation MovementConservation Movement

MuckrakersMuckrakers WritersWriters exposed problems exposed problems in politics, business, societyin politics, business, society

Ida Tarbell:Ida Tarbell: Wrote Wrote History of History of Standard Oil Standard Oil (1904)(1904)

Exposed corruption Exposed corruption of Rockefeller's monopoly of Rockefeller's monopoly (Big Business in general)(Big Business in general)

Upton Sinclair:Upton Sinclair: Wrote Wrote The JungleThe Jungle (1906) (1906) Exposed unsanitary, Exposed unsanitary, meatpacking conditionsmeatpacking conditions

Led to Pure Food and Led to Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection ActDrug Act, Meat Inspection Act

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws Required Required segregation of racessegregation of races

Plessy v. Plessy v. FergusonFerguson (1896)(1896)Upheld Jim CrowUpheld Jim Crow““Separate butSeparate butequalequal””

Made segregationMade segregationlegal in the U.S.legal in the U.S.

W.E.B. Du BoisW.E.B. Du Bois Pro-integrationPro-integration Blacks must beBlacks must bepolitically, legally,politically, legally,socially active tosocially active toachieve equalityachieve equality

1909: Founded 1909: Founded National Association National Association for the Advancement for the Advancement of Colored Peopleof Colored People CCombat discriminationombat discrimination

Booker T. Washington:Booker T. Washington: Pro-separation; Racism will end Pro-separation; Racism will end when blacks acquire useful labor when blacks acquire useful labor skillsskills

Labor LawsLabor Laws Come after outcryCome after outcryover living, over living, working conditionsworking conditions

Minimum age lawsMinimum age laws Restricting workRestricting workhourshours

Requiring saferRequiring saferwork conditionswork conditionsTriangle FactoryTriangle FactoryFire (Locked doors)Fire (Locked doors)

Political ReformsPolitical Reforms Direct election ofDirect election ofSenators: Senators: CitizensCitizenselect U.S. elect U.S. Senators (notSenators (notstate legislatures)state legislatures)

Initiative: Citizen Initiative: Citizen places issue places issue on voting balloton voting ballot

Recall: Hold voteRecall: Hold voteto remove officeto remove officeholdersholders

Referendum: Voters vote on proposed Referendum: Voters vote on proposed lawslaws

Progressive AmendmentsProgressive Amendments 1616thth: : CongressCongresspower to collectpower to collectincome taxesincome taxes

1717thth: : DirectDirectelection of election of senatorssenators

1818thth: : ProhibitionProhibitionof alcoholof alcohol

1919thth: : WomenWomen’’s suffrages suffrage

StationsStationsDirections:Directions: using your “EOCT In-Class Review” using your “EOCT In-Class Review” packet, visit each of the following stations…packet, visit each of the following stations…

Unit 1 Review – Colonization to ConstitutionUnit 1 Review – Colonization to ConstitutionUnit 2 Review – New Republic to ReconstructionUnit 2 Review – New Republic to ReconstructionUnit 3 – Industrialization, Reform and Unit 3 – Industrialization, Reform and ImperialismImperialismUnit 4 – Establishment as a World Power Unit 4 – Establishment as a World Power Unit 5 – Modern EraUnit 5 – Modern Era

Spending 15 MINUTES at each station,Spending 15 MINUTES at each station,1.1.Use the handout to fill out your notesUse the handout to fill out your notes2.2.As a group, answer the five reflection questionsAs a group, answer the five reflection questions

GradeGrade*Completed packet (50 pts)*Completed packet (50 pts)