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Implementation of a Wide Area Monitoring System for the Indian Power System Usman Ajmal, GE Energy Connections
October 25, 2016
Presented by
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Agenda
• Introduction • Project overview • System Architecture • PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit)
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Introduction
October 31, 2016 Presentation Title 3
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Introduction
• Project name: Unified Real Time Dynamic Stability Monitoring System (URTDMS)
• Installed capacity of India exceeds 240 GW
• Wide area measurement system introduction to enhance real time analysis of grid conditions
• Improve operators’ observation and response to disturbances and emerging risks
• Preserve grid stability
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Introduction
• Analysis of grid disturbances
• Detection and analysis of low frequency oscillations and islanding
• PMUs give time synchronized snapshot of grid conditions
• Real-time monitoring to extend available transmission capacity
• Real time data for dynamic state validation (online)
• Historian for dynamic state validation (offline)
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Project Overview
October 31, 2016 Presentation Title 6
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Project Overview
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System Architecture
October 31, 2016 Presentation Title 8
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• PMUs are placed at substation level:
• Grid Substations: 400 kV and above
• 400 kV feeders
• Generating Stations: 220 kV and above
• HVDC terminals
• Inter-regional tie lines
• International tie lines
System Architecture - PMUs Location
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• PDCs are placed at Load Dispatch Centres:
• State
• Regional
• National
• National Transmission Asset Management
System Architecture - PDC Location
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• Fibre optic Ethernet system
• 1 Gbps VLAN
• SDH Technology
• STM-16 for backbone
• STM-4 for branches
• Dual paths
System Architecture - WAMS
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• GPS clock supplies 1PPS synchronizing pulses via fibre optic links to each PMU
Synchrophasors
Ethernetswitch
GPSClock
1PPS
CT CTVT VT
CommunicationNetwork
Some substations have more data acquisition needs
System Architecture - Substation
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The phasor measurements available vary according to the model:
− 3 CT + 3 VT (Typically used for 1 circuit) − 6 CT + 6 VT (Typically used for 2 circuits)
System Architecture - PMU
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• Modular design allows separation of core functions
• Dual redundant servers with software modules
• Optimizes performance, and increases throughput
System Architecture – Control Centre
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PMU – Phasor Measurement Unit
October 31, 2016 Presentation Title 15
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• Performance requirements
• IEEE C37.118.1-2011 with amendment IEEEC37.118.1a-2014
• Two classes of measurement: o M class for precision analytic measurement.
• Includes filters for out of band signals • Higher rejection of harmonics than P class • Less fluctuations of signal so M class used for URTDSM system
o P class is not considered in the current project phase
PMU– Specifications
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• Measures accurate, time-synchronised power system data such as current phasors, voltage phasors, frequency, rate of change of frequency and binary signals to IEEE37.118.1-2011 (50 Hz)
• Transmits IEEE C37.118.2-2011 compliant data at speeds of up to 50 frames per second on a 50 Hz system
• A key component part of GE’s end-to-end synchrophasor solutions, from the PMU and PDC through to synchrophasor applications and EMS integration
• Applications include: visualisation, oscillatory stability monitoring, post event analysis, network defence schemes and network resynchronisation
PMU– Details
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IRIG-B
Earthing Terminals
Copper Ethernet
Fibre Ethernet
GPS 1PPS
Dual-rated CTs & VTs
Digital Inputs
Output Contacts
Power Supply, Watchdog
Contacts and K-BUS/RS485
PMU– Rear View
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Fibre optic cables connect GPS receivers in racks with PMUs mounted below
Front view of test racks Rear view of test racks
PMU– Factory Acceptance Tests
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PMU - Certification to C37.118.1-2011/2014 specification • Third Party Certification performed
on PMU
• Voltage and current tests
• GPS synchronized inputs
• Static tests • Magnitude
• Frequency
• Phase angle
• Harmonic distortion
• Out of band interference
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Steady-state tests
Voltage 10% to 120%.
PMU - Certification Tests
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Out-of-band Frequency performance of the PMU and C37.118 Total Vector Error limits
Tested over range 10 Hz to 100 Hz (2x Fo)
PMU - Certification Tests
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• Harmonic rejection performance of the PMU and C37.118 Total Vector Error limits
PMU - Certification Tests
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• Dynamic Characteristics of the PMU and C37.118 Total Vector Error limits for M class response
• Phase and amplitude modulation tested up to 5.0 Hz • Modulation tests up to Fs/5 = 5 Hz for a data rate of 25 FPS
• Dynamic Bandwidth Amplitude Modulation tests • 10% magnitude modulation (kx=0.1)
• Dynamic Bandwidth Phase Angle Modulation tests • 0.1 radian modulation (ka=0.1)
• Error must remain within 3% TVE
PMU - Certification Tests
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• Dynamic Characteristics of the PMU and C37.118 Error limits
• Frequency ramp tests from 45 to 55 Hz (catering for abrupt change in ROCOF)
PMU - Certification Tests
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• Dynamic Characteristics of the PMU and C37.118 Error limits
• Step response tests of 10 degree phase and amplitude
PMU - Certification Tests
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