Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Implementation of a Wide Area Monitoring System for the Indian Power System Usman Ajmal, GE Energy Connections

October 25, 2016

Presented by

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Agenda

• Introduction • Project overview • System Architecture • PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit)

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Introduction

October 31, 2016 Presentation Title 3

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Introduction

• Project name: Unified Real Time Dynamic Stability Monitoring System (URTDMS)

•  Installed capacity of India exceeds 240 GW

• Wide area measurement system introduction to enhance real time analysis of grid conditions

•  Improve operators’ observation and response to disturbances and emerging risks

• Preserve grid stability

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Introduction

• Analysis of grid disturbances

• Detection and analysis of low frequency oscillations and islanding

• PMUs give time synchronized snapshot of grid conditions

• Real-time monitoring to extend available transmission capacity

• Real time data for dynamic state validation (online)

• Historian for dynamic state validation (offline)

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Project Overview

October 31, 2016 Presentation Title 6

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Project Overview

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

System Architecture

October 31, 2016 Presentation Title 8

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

• PMUs are placed at substation level:

• Grid Substations: 400 kV and above

• 400 kV feeders

• Generating Stations: 220 kV and above

• HVDC terminals

•  Inter-regional tie lines

•  International tie lines

System Architecture - PMUs Location

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

• PDCs are placed at Load Dispatch Centres:

• State

• Regional

• National

• National Transmission Asset Management

System Architecture - PDC Location

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

• Fibre optic Ethernet system

• 1 Gbps VLAN

• SDH Technology

• STM-16 for backbone

• STM-4 for branches

• Dual paths

System Architecture - WAMS

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

•  GPS clock supplies 1PPS synchronizing pulses via fibre optic links to each PMU

Synchrophasors

Ethernetswitch

GPSClock

1PPS

CT CTVT VT

CommunicationNetwork

Some substations have more data acquisition needs

System Architecture - Substation

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

The phasor measurements available vary according to the model:

− 3 CT + 3 VT (Typically used for 1 circuit) − 6 CT + 6 VT (Typically used for 2 circuits)

System Architecture - PMU

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

• Modular design allows separation of core functions

• Dual redundant servers with software modules

• Optimizes performance, and increases throughput

System Architecture – Control Centre

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

PMU – Phasor Measurement Unit

October 31, 2016 Presentation Title 15

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

•  Performance requirements

•  IEEE C37.118.1-2011 with amendment IEEEC37.118.1a-2014

•  Two classes of measurement: o  M class for precision analytic measurement.

•  Includes filters for out of band signals •  Higher rejection of harmonics than P class •  Less fluctuations of signal so M class used for URTDSM system

o  P class is not considered in the current project phase

PMU– Specifications

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

•  Measures accurate, time-synchronised power system data such as current phasors, voltage phasors, frequency, rate of change of frequency and binary signals to IEEE37.118.1-2011 (50 Hz)

•  Transmits IEEE C37.118.2-2011 compliant data at speeds of up to 50 frames per second on a 50 Hz system

•  A key component part of GE’s end-to-end synchrophasor solutions, from the PMU and PDC through to synchrophasor applications and EMS integration

•  Applications include: visualisation, oscillatory stability monitoring, post event analysis, network defence schemes and network resynchronisation

PMU– Details

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

IRIG-B

Earthing Terminals

Copper Ethernet

Fibre Ethernet

GPS 1PPS

Dual-rated CTs & VTs

Digital Inputs

Output Contacts

Power Supply, Watchdog

Contacts and K-BUS/RS485

PMU– Rear View

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Fibre optic cables connect GPS receivers in racks with PMUs mounted below

Front view of test racks Rear view of test racks

PMU– Factory Acceptance Tests

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

PMU - Certification to C37.118.1-2011/2014 specification •  Third Party Certification performed

on PMU

•  Voltage and current tests

•  GPS synchronized inputs

•  Static tests •  Magnitude

•  Frequency

•  Phase angle

•  Harmonic distortion

•  Out of band interference

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Steady-state tests

Voltage 10% to 120%.

PMU - Certification Tests

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Out-of-band Frequency performance of the PMU and C37.118 Total Vector Error limits

Tested over range 10 Hz to 100 Hz (2x Fo)

PMU - Certification Tests

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

•  Harmonic rejection performance of the PMU and C37.118 Total Vector Error limits

PMU - Certification Tests

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

•  Dynamic Characteristics of the PMU and C37.118 Total Vector Error limits for M class response

•  Phase and amplitude modulation tested up to 5.0 Hz •  Modulation tests up to Fs/5 = 5 Hz for a data rate of 25 FPS

•  Dynamic Bandwidth Amplitude Modulation tests •  10% magnitude modulation (kx=0.1)

•  Dynamic Bandwidth Phase Angle Modulation tests •  0.1 radian modulation (ka=0.1)

•  Error must remain within 3% TVE

PMU - Certification Tests

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

•  Dynamic Characteristics of the PMU and C37.118 Error limits

•  Frequency ramp tests from 45 to 55 Hz (catering for abrupt change in ROCOF)

PMU - Certification Tests

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

•  Dynamic Characteristics of the PMU and C37.118 Error limits

•  Step response tests of 10 degree phase and amplitude

PMU - Certification Tests