4
I Overview of the System and the Basic Statistics
[1] General Welfare and Labour Population Structure
FemalesMales
Age 71: the number of births decreased in 1938-39 due to the mobilization of soldiers for the Japan-China War
Age 61-63: the first baby boom from 1947 to 1949
Age 44: born in 1966 (year of the Fire Horse, renowned for disasters, etc.)
Age
Population (10,000 persons)00 2525 5050 7575 100100 125125 150150
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105 or over
0
Age 64, 65: the number of births decreased around the end of war
Age 36-39: the second baby boom from 1971 to 1974
Sources: 2025 - “Population Projection for Japan (estimated in January 2012), medium-varient assumption”, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research
2010 - “2010 Population Census”, Statistics Bureau, MIC(Note) The solid line represents the figures for 2010 and the broken line represents the figures for 2025. The population aged
105 or older cannot be calculated by age group and has collectively been put into the age group of “105 or older”.
The Population Pyramid in JapanOverview
Live births
1,037,1011 in every 30 sec.
1,256,2541 in every 25 sec.
2,2981 in every 3 hours
49 min. 21 sec.
24,8041 in every 21 min.
15 sec.
668,7881 in every 47 sec.
235,3941 in every 2 min.
14 sec.
Deaths (Regrouped) Infant deaths
Foetal deaths Marriages Divorces
Vital Statistics in Japan (2012 approximates)
Source: “Vital Statistics”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW
5
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
205520502040203020202010
2005200019901980197019601950
Population (10 thousand persons)
Actual Figures (Population Census)
Estimates of FY2012 (Population Projection for Japan)
Population 14 or younger
Population aged 15-64
Population 65 or older
Percentage of productive-age population (aged 15-64)
Elderly rate (percentage of population 65 or older)
Total fertility rate
Total fertility rate
1.35
Elderly rate39.4%
Percentage of productive-age
population51.2%
65.8(2005)
20.1(2005)
Population peak (2004) 12,779
1.26(2005)
2,567
3,685
6,773
1,203 861
4,706
3,626
9,193
11,661
8,409
12,728
1,752
Sources: Up to 2010 - “Population Census”, Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications From 2015 on - “Population Projection for Japan (estimated in January 2012)”, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research
Population Trends of Japan
6
2010
2030
20552060
2010
2030
2055
2060
2010
2030
2055
2060
2010
2030
2055
2060
127.18 million!
115.22 million!
89.93 million
16.48 million13.0%
!11.15 million
9.7%!
7.52 million8.4%
81.28 million63.9%
!67.40 million
58.5%!
45.95 million51.1%
29.41 million23.1%
!36.67 million
31.8%!
36.46 million40.5%
128.06 million!
114.17 million!
85.93 million79.97 million
16.84 million13.1%
!9.99 million
8.7%!
6.38 million7.4%
5.62 million7.0%
81.73 million63.8%
!67.33 million
59.0%!
43.30 million50.4%
39.71 million49.7%
29.48 million23.0%
!36.85 million
32.3%!
36.26 million42.2%
34.64 million43.3%
128.06 million!
119.24 million!
98.80 million94.60 million
16.84 million13.1%
!14.32 million
12.0%!
11.40 million11.5%
10.87 million11.5%
81.73 million63.8%
!68.07 million
57.1%!
51.14 million51.8%
49.09 million51.9%
29.48 million23.0%
!36.85 million
30.9%!
36.26 million36.7%
34.64 million36.6%
128.06 million!
116.62 million!
91.93 million86.74 million
16.84 million13.1%
!12.04 million
10.3%!
8.61 million9.4%
7.91 million9.1%
81.73 million63.8%
!67.73 million
58.1%!
47.06 million51.2%
44.18 million50.9%
29.48 million23.0%
!36.85 million
31.6%!
36.26 million39.4%
34.64 million39.9%
Assumption for fertility rate[Long-term total fertility rate]
Assumptions for mortality rate[Long-term life expectancy]
Male=83.67 yearsFemale=90.34 years
Assumptions of medium-variant mortality[Male=84.19 years] [Female=90.93 years]
Projection in December 2006medium-variant assumptions
[1.26]
Low-variant assumptions
[1.12]
High-variant assumptions
[1.60]
Medium-variantassumptions
[1.35]
<Summary of Results and Assumptions>
1.Projection in January 2012 With the release of the first basic survey results of 2010 Population Census as well as that of the confirmed number of 2010 Vital
Statistics, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research initiated a new national population projection. The outline of the projection results and methods are as follows.
2. Result of Projection (Medium Variant Assumptions for Mortality)
Tota
l pop
ulat
ion
Chi
ld P
opul
atio
n (P
opul
atio
n ag
ed 1
0-14
)Pr
oduc
tive-
age
Popu
latio
n (P
opul
atio
n ag
ed 1
5-64
)El
derly
Pop
ulat
ion
(Pop
ulat
ion
aged
65
or o
lder
)Population Projection for Japan (Estimated in January 2012) Detailed Data 1
7
(1) Average age of first marriage
(2) Proportion of never-married
(3) Number of live births by a married-couple
(4) Effects of divorce, bereavement, and remarriage
(1) Average age of first marriage
(2) Proportion of never-married
(3) Number of live births by a married-couple
(4) Effects of divorce, bereavement, and remarriage
(1) Average age of first marriage
(2) Proportion of never-married
(3) Number of live births by a married-couple
(4) Effects of divorce, bereavement, and remarriage
20552060Interim2010
Actual figure
Actual current figure of
generation born in 1960
!increase!rise!
decrease!
decline!
increase!rise!
decrease!
decline!
increase!rise!
decrease!
decline
25.7
9.4%
2.07
0.962
Same as above
Same as above
28.2
20.1%
1.74
0.938
27.9
14.7%
1.91
0.937
28.5
26.2%
1.57
0.938
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.35
1.60
1.12
1.26
1.55
1.06
Assumption for generations born in 1995
(reference cohort)
Total fertility ratePresupposition Projection in Dec. 2006
3. The Method Used for Projecting Population The cohort component method is used for Population Projections with assumptions made for components of population change,
namely population process components, birth, death and international migration. Assumptions are made based on actual statistics of each component using the demographic projection method.
(1) Summary of Assumptions for Future Fertility Assumptions were made for both marriage and birth index of female cohorts born in 1995 (reference cohorts) and that the
transition would gradually take place from the actual figures of elderly cohorts or statistically assumed figures through the assumptions of the reference cohorts to those of cohorts born in 2010, and then remain flat thereafter.
(2) Summary of Assumptions for Mortality “Medium-variant of death” assumption (2060: male 84.19 years, female 90.93 years) was made according to the actual mortality
figures from 1970 to 2010 and “high-variant death” assumption (2060: male 83.22 years, female 89.96 years) and “low-variant death” assumption (2060: male 85.14 years, female 91.90 years) based on the confidence interval of mortality index parameters.
Sex ratio for live birth: Sex ratio for live birth from 2006 to 2010 was set to a constant value (105.5).
(3) Outline of Assumptions on International Migration The average rate of annual net migration of Japanese by age and sex during the period between 2004 and 2009 was set to a
constant value. With foreign nationals, the assumptions were made for the net migration by reflecting the trend since 1970. Departure excess was observed with both males and females in 2011, the year affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, but entry exceeded departure in 2012. The average rate of annual net migration of foreign nationals in 2030 is assumed to be 34,000 males and 38,000 females and to remain unchanged thereafter.
Med
ium
-var
iant
as
sum
ptio
nH
igh-
varia
nt
assu
mpt
ion
Low
-var
iant
as
sum
ptio
nTy
pe o
f as
sum
ptio
n
MaleFemale
Actual figure2010
!!
79.64 years86.39 years
Medium-variant death assumption2060
84.19 years90.93 years
Projection in December 20062055
83.67 years90.34 years
Fertility assumption index
Maximum20131.39
Minimum20241.33
Maximum20201.61
Minimum20101.39
Maximum20101.39
Minimum20231.09
8
1899 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1943 1947 1950 1955 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1,386,9811,452,7701,712,857
1,799,3262,025,5642,086,0912,085,1012,190,704
2,115,8672,253,5352,678,7922,337,5071,730,692
1,606,0411,589,3721,618,6161,659,5211,716,761
1,823,6971,360,9741,935,6471,871,8391,889,815
1,934,2392,000,9732,038,6822,091,9832,029,989
1,901,4401,832,6171,755,1001,708,6431,642,580
………
……………
……
4.543.652.37
2.001.961.982.002.05
2.141.582.232.132.13
2.132.162.142.142.05
1.911.851.801.791.77
Year Number of live birth Totalfertility rate
Source: “Vital Statistics”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) The figures indicated by “*” are approximates.
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010 2011*2012
1,576,8891,529,4551,515,3921,508,6871,489,780
1,431,5771,382,9461,346,6581,314,0061,246,802
1,221,5851,223,2451,208,9891,188,2821,238,328
1,187,0641,206,5551,191,6651,203,1471,177,669
1,190,5471,170,6621,153,8551,123,6101,110,721
1,062,5301,092,6741,089,8181,091,1561,070,035
1,071,3041,050,6981,037,101
1.751.741.771.801.81
1.761.721.691.661.57
1.541.531.501.461.50
1.421.431.391.381.34
1.361.331.321.291.29
1.261.321.341.371.37
1.391.391.41
Year Number of live birth Totalfertility rate
Changes in Number of Live Birth and Total Fertility RateDetailed Data 2
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Present year
3.65
2.00
2.13
1.75
1.54
1.36
1.41 (2012)
3.02
3.64
2.46
1.84
2.08
2.06
1.89 (2011)
U E
E
E
2.19
2.67
2.38
1.90
1.85
1.64
1.96 (2011)
2.92
2.72
2.47
1.99
1.78
1.88
2.01 (2011)
2.05 (1951)2.34
2.01
1.46
1.45
1.38
1.36 (2011)
2.52
2.31
2.43
1.61
1.33
1.26
1.40 (2011)
2.32
2.17
1.94
1.68
2.13
1.57
1.90 (2011)
Japan U.S.A. U.K.France Germany Italy Sweden
Sources: Japan - “Vital Statistics”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW Other than Japan - “Demographic Yearbook”, UN Except for U - “National Vital Statistics Reports”, NCHS E - “Recent demographic developments in Europe”, Council of Europe
(Note) 1. The figures for Germany up to 1990 are those of former West Germany. The figures for the U.K. up to 1985 are for those of England and Wales combined. 2. The figures indicated by “*” are approximates.
*
Changes in Total Fertility Rates in Developed CountriesDetailed Data 3
9
Life Expectancy
1947
1950-1952
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Age 0
50.06
59.57
63.60
65.32
67.74
69.31
71.73
73.35
74.78
75.92
76.38
77.19
77.16
77.10
77.72
78.07
78.32
78.36
78.64
78.56
79.00
79.19
79.29
79.59
79.55
79.44
79.94
Age 20
40.89
46.43
48.47
49.08
50.18
51.26
53.27
54.56
55.74
56.77
57.16
57.86
57.85
57.74
58.33
58.64
58.87
58.89
59.15
59.08
59.49
59.66
59.75
60.04
59.99
59.93
60.36
Age 40
26.88
29.65
30.85
31.02
31.73
32.68
34.41
35.52
36.63
37.58
37.96
38.62
38.66
38.56
39.13
39.43
39.64
39.67
39.93
39.86
40.25
40.40
40.49
40.78
40.73
40.69
41.05
Age 65
10.16
11.35
11.82
11.62
11.88
12.50
13.72
14.56
15.52
16.22
16.48
17.02
17.13
17.02
17.54
17.78
17.96
18.02
18.21
18.13
18.45
18.56
18.60
18.88
18.74
18.69
18.89
Age 90
2.56
2.70
2.87
2.69
2.56
2.75
3.05
3.17
3.28
3.51
3.58
3.81
3.86
3.76
4.10
4.19
4.29
4.26
4.36
4.15
4.32
4.40
4.36
4.48
4.19
4.14
4.16
Age 0
53.96
62.97
67.75
70.19
72.92
74.66
76.89
78.76
80.48
81.90
82.85
83.82
84.01
83.99
84.60
84.93
85.23
85.33
85.59
85.52
85.81
85.99
86.05
86.44
86.30
85.90
86.41
Age 20
44.87
49.58
52.25
53.39
54.85
56.11
58.04
59.66
61.20
62.54
63.46
64.36
64.56
64.50
65.08
65.39
65.69
65.79
66.01
65.93
66.22
66.39
66.45
66.81
66.67
66.35
66.78
Age 40
30.39
32.77
34.34
34.90
35.91
37.01
38.76
40.23
41.72
43.00
43.91
44.79
45.01
44.94
45.52
45.82
46.12
46.22
46.44
46.38
46.66
46.82
46.89
47.25
47.08
46.84
47.17
Male FemaleAge 65
12.22
13.36
14.13
14.10
14.56
15.34
16.56
17.68
18.94
20.03
20.94
21.75
21.96
21.89
22.42
22.68
22.96
23.04
23.28
23.19
23.44
23.59
23.64
23.97
23.80
23.66
23.82
Age 90
2.45
2.72
3.12
2.99
2.96
3.26
3.39
3.55
3.82
4.18
4.64
5.03
5.15
5.05
5.29
5.41
5.56
5.57
5.69
5.53
5.66
5.72
5.71
5.86
5.53
5.46
5.47
Year
Source: “Complete Life Tables” (up to 1995 and 2000, 2005, 2010) and “Abridged Life Tables” (other years), Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW
(Note) The figures up to 1970 exclude those for Okinawa Prefecture. Life expectancy at age 0 is the “life expectancy at birth”.
(Unit: years)Trends in Life ExpectancyOverview
North AmericaAsia
Europe
Oceania
Region
Japan U.S.A. Israel Korea France Iceland Italy Norway Sweden Switzerland U.K. Australia
Country
20122011201120112012201220112012201220112009-20112009-2011
Reference periodfor the data
86.4181.183.684.584.883.984.583.4183.5484.782.6484.2
79.9476.380.077.678.480.879.479.4279.8780.378.6679.7
Male Female
(Unit: years)
(Note) Data are provided by the relevant governments.
International Comparison of Life Expectancy at Birth
10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
10 122000908070601950 (Year)
Malignant neoplasms
Heart diseases (excluding hypertensive diseases)
Cerebrovascular diseasesPneumonia
Accidents
SuicideDiseases of liverTuberculosis
Source: “Vital Statistics”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. Cases of death may not match completely due to the revision of categories of cases of death. 2. The figures for 2012 are approximates.
Trends in Death Rates for Leading Causes of Death (per 100,000 population)
Dea
th ra
te (p
er 1
00,0
00 p
opul
atio
n)
1899191019201930194019501960197019751980198519901995199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011
* 2012
44.767.172.670.672.177.4
100.4116.3122.6139.1156.1177.2211.6220.4226.7231.6235.2238.8241.7245.4253.9258.3261.0266.9272.3273.5279.7283.2286.4
48.665.063.563.863.364.273.286.789.2
106.2117.3134.8112.0112.2114.3120.4116.8117.8121.0126.5126.5137.2137.2139.2144.4143.7149.8154.5157.7
99.8142.1313.9156.8154.4
65.140.227.127.428.437.555.664.163.163.874.969.267.869.475.375.785.085.087.491.689.094.198.998.3
170.5131.9157.6162.8177.7127.1160.7175.8156.7139.5112.2
99.4117.9111.0110.0110.8105.5104.7103.4104.7102.3105.3101.7100.8100.9
97.297.798.296.5
50.144.746.840.839.539.541.742.530.325.124.626.236.531.131.132.031.431.430.730.730.331.630.330.130.330.032.247.132.4
13.719.119.021.613.719.621.615.318.017.719.416.417.218.825.425.024.123.323.825.524.024.223.724.424.024.423.422.921.0
…17.220.216.212.310.414.316.616.316.316.516.113.713.312.913.212.812.612.312.512.613.012.912.812.912.712.813.012.7
155.7230.2223.7185.6212.9146.4
34.215.4
9.55.53.93.02.62.22.22.32.12.01.81.91.81.81.81.71.81.71.71.71.7
Year Malignantneoplasms
CerebrovasculardiseasesPneumonia Accidents Suicide Diseases
of liver TuberculosisHeart diseases
(excluding hyper-tensive diseases)
Source: “Vital Statistics”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) The figures indicated by “*” are approximates.
11
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Projected figures
Actual figures
20401.66 million persons
(1,000 persons)
Source: Up to 2012 - “Vital Statistics”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, MHLWFrom 2013 on - “Population Projection for Japan (December 2006)” (live birth: medium-variant, deaths: medium-variant),
National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (Note) The figures for 2012 are approximates.
Trends in death
6058534843383328231813082003989389858075706560551951
12
Household Structure
48,170
17,180
5.00
2.57
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
201295908070601953
(1,000 households) (Persons)
Average number of household membersNumber of households
Source: Up to 1985 - “Basic Survey on Health and Welfare Administration”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister’s Secretariat, MHWFrom 1986 on - “Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2009”,Statistics and Information Department, Minister’s Secretariat, MHLW
(Note) 1. The figures for 1995 exclude Hyogo Prefecture. 2. The figures for 2011 exclude Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures.3. The figures for 2012 exclude Fukushima Prefecture.
Changes in Number of Households and Average Number of Household MembersOverview
Aver
age
num
ber o
f hou
seho
ld m
embe
rs
Num
ber o
f hou
seho
lds
(Year)
13
Year Total(A)
Source: Up to 1985 - “Basic Survey on Health and Welfare Administration”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister’s Secretariat, MHWFrom 1986 on - “Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister’s Secretariat, MHLW
(Note) 1. (1) “Singles person households” indicates a household of one person. (2) “Household of a couple only” indicates a household consisting only of a householder and his/her spouse. (3) “Household of a couple and unmarried children only” indicates a household consisting only of a couple and their unmarried children. (4) “Household of a single parent and unmarried children only” indicates a household consisting only of either father or mother and
his/her unmarried children. (5) “Three generations family households” indicates a household consisting of lineal three or more generations centered by the householder. (6) “Other households” indicates households other than those mentioned in (1)-(5) above.
2. “Elderly household” indicates a household consisting of persons aged 65 or older possibly with unmarried persons younger than 18. 3. The figures for 1995 exclude Hyogo Prefecture.4. The figures for 2011 exclude Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures.5. The figures for 2012 exclude Fukushima Prefecture.
Single person
households
Three generations
familyhouseholds
Other households Elderly households
(B)TotalHousehold of a couple only
Household of a couple and unmarried
children only
Household of a single parent and unmarried
children only
Nuclear family households
Estimated number (1,000 households) Estimated number (1,000 households)
Percentage distribution (%) (B) / (A) x 100
197519801985199019931994 19951996 1997 199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012
1975198019851990199319941995 19961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012
32,87735,33837,22640,27341,82642,06940,77043,80744,66944,49644,92345,54545,66446,00545,80046,32347,04347,53148,02347,95748,01348,63846,68448,170
100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
5,9916,4026,8508,4469,3209,2019,213
10,28711,15610,62710,58510,98811,01710,80010,67310,81711,58012,04311,98311,92811,95512,38611,78712,160
18.218.118.421.022.321.922.623.525.023.923.624.124.123.523.323.424.625.325.024.924.925.525.225.2
5,5485,7145,6725,4285,3425,3615,0825,1004,9995,1254,7544,8234,8444,6034,7694,5124,5754,3264,0454,2294,0153,8353,4363,648
16.916.215.213.512.812.712.511.611.211.510.610.610.610.010.4
9.79.79.18.48.88.47.97.47.6
1,0891,6842,1923,1133,9134,2524,3904,8665,1595,6145,7916,2616,6547,1827,2507,8748,3498,4629,0099,2529,623
10,2079,581
10,241
3.3 4.8 5.9 7.7 9.4
10.1 10.8 11.1 11.5 12.612.913.714.615.615.817.017.717.818.819.320.021.020.521.3
19,30421,31822,74424,15424,83625,10323,99725,85525,91126,09626,96326,93826,89427,68227,35228,06127,87228,02528,65828,66428,80929,09728,28128,993
58.760.361.160.059.459.758.959.058.058.660.059.158.960.259.760.659.259.059.759.860.059.860.660.2
3,8774,6195,4236,6957,3937,7847,4888,2588,6618,7819,1649,4229,4039,8879,781
10,16110,29510,19810,63610,73010,68810,99410,57510,977
11.813.114.616.617.718.518.418.919.419.720.420.720.621.521.421.921.921.522.122.422.322.622.722.8
14,04315,22015,60415,39815,29115,19414,39815,15514,90314,95115,44314,92414,87214,95414,90015,12514,60914,82615,01514,73214,89014,92214,44314,668
42.743.141.938.236.636.135.334.633.433.634.432.832.632.532.532.731.131.231.330.731.030.730.930.5
1,3851,4801,7182,0602,1522,1252,1122,4422,3472,3642,3562,5922,6182,8412,6702,7742,9683,0023,0063,2023,2303,1803,2633,348
4.24.24.65.15.15.15.25.65.35.35.25.75.76.25.86.06.36.36.36.76.76.57.06.9
2,0341,9041,9592,2452,3282,4042,4782,5652,6032,6482,6212,7962,9092,9193,0062,9343,0163,1373,3373,1363,2343,3203,1803,370
6.25.45.35.65.65.76.15.95.86.05.86.16.46.36.66.36.46.66.96.56.76.86.87.0
Changes in Number of Households by Household StructureDetailed Data
14
Income
Average Income per Household and per Household Member, by Age Group of HouseholderDetailed Data 1
Average income per household (¥10,000)
Average income per household member (¥10,000)
Total
548.2
208.3
Aged 29and
younger
314.6
171.6
Aged0-39
547.8
180.9
40-49
669.0
204.4
50-59
764.3
254.8
60-69
541.0
213.9
Aged 70 and over
403.8
188.0
(Regrouped)Aged 65 and over
427.2
190.6
Source: “Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2012”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister’s Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. “Total” includes age unknown.
2. The figures exclude Fukushima Prefecture.
Average Income Per Household and its Percentage Distribution, by Type of Income
All Households
Aged households
Households with children
All Households
Aged households
Households with children
Total Income
548.2
303.6
697.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Earned Income
409.5
59.2
626.2
74.7
19.5
89.8
Public Pensionand
Onkyu Pension
100.7
209.8
27.1
18.4
69.1
3.9
Average Income per Household (Unit: ¥10,000)
Percentage Distribution of the Average Income per Household (Unit: %)
Property Income
16.3
17.6
11.2
3.0
5.8
1.6
Social Security Benefits otherthan Pension
8.6
2.3
25.8
1.6
0.8
3.7
Remittance,Corporate Pension,Personal Pension,and Other Income
13.2
14.6
6.8
2.4
4.8
1.0
Source: “Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2012”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister’s Secretariat, MHLW(Note) The figures exclude Fukushima Prefecture.
Detailed Data 2
15
Basic Data on Labour Economy
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
(10,000 persons)
Source: 1990, 2000, and 2010 - “Labour Force Survey”, Statistics Bureau, MIC2020 and 2030 - “2012 Projection of Supply and Demand of Labour Force”, JILPT
(Note) 1. The figures in parentheses indicate percentage distribution.2. The sum of the estimates for the age groups may not equal the total due to rounding. 3. The estimates are based on “Labour Force Survey” in 2010.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
1,475(23.1)
1,588(23.5) 1,176
(17.7)1,065(16.4)
1,014(16.2)
4,177(65.4)
4,260(63.0)
4,266(64.3) 4,168
(64.1) 3,854(61.6)
372(5.8)
426(6.3)
604(9.1) 495
(7.6) 600(9.6)
360(5.6)
494(7.3) 585
(8.8) 770(11.8) 787
(12.6)
65 or older
Age 60-64
Age 30-59
Age 15-29
6,384
6,7666,632
6,4986,255
Changes in Labour Force PopulationDetailed Data 1
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Labour Force Participation Rate of females in 2002
Labour Force Participation Rate of females in 1992
Labour Force Participation Rate of females in 2012
Labour Force Participation Rate of males in 2012
Labour Force Participation Rate of males in 1992
Labour Force Participation Rate of males in 2002
(%)
Source: “Labour Force Survey”, Statistics Bureau, MIC
Changes in Labour Force Participation Rates by Gender and Age GroupDetailed Data 2
65or older
Age60-64
Age55-59
Age50-54
Age45-49
Age40-44
Age35-39
Age30-34
Age25-29
Age20-24
Age15-19
16
1975 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 120.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Unemployment rate of 65 or older (scale on left)
Unemployment rate of age 35-44 (scale on left)
Unemployment rate of age 55-64 (scale on left)
Unemployment rate of age 25-34 (scale on left)
Number of unemployed persons (scale on right)
Unemployment rate of all age groups (scale on left)
Unemployment rate of age 15-24 (scale on left)
Unemployment rate of age 45-54 (scale on left)
(Year)
(%) (10,000 persons)
Changes in Number of Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rate by Age GroupDetailed Data 3
Source: “Labour Force Survey”, Statistics Bureau, MIC (Note) The benchmark population used to calculate the results of the “Labour Force Survey” was changed from that of the 2005
Population Census (prior reference) to that of the 2010 Population Census (new reference). The figures for 2011 were retroactively supplemented by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
0
50
100
150
200
250
08 09 10 11 1207060504030201200099989796959493929190898887868584838281807978771976
Source: “Report on Employment Service”, Employment Security Bureau, MHLW (Note) Excluding new school graduates and including part-timers.
(Year)
(times)(10,000 persons)
Monthly active job openings(scale on left)
Monthly active applications(scale on left)
Active job openings-to-applicants ratio(scale on right)
Detailed Data 4 Changes in Job Openings, Applications, and Job Openings-to-applicants Ratio
17
-4.0
-5.0
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
09 10 11 12080706050403020120009998979695949392919089888786858483821981
(%)
Source: “Monthly Labour Survey”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister’s Secretariat, MHLW (Note) Establishments with 30 employees or more.
(Year)
Changes in total cash earnings
Changes in scheduled cash earnings
Changes in Total Cash Earnings and Scheduled Cash EarningsDetailed Data 5
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
09 10 11 1208070605040302012000999897969594939291908988878685848382818079787776757473721971
20382024
1980
1947 1947 1954 1954
1953 1955
1943 1940 1940
1939 1936
1933
1932 19381912
18881859
18381814
1778 1770
1775 17641748
1734 1714 1714
17101706
16821686
169016851702
16431650 16541668
19091903
1913
19121896
1868
1848
1854 1843 1853 18421813
1850
1834 18341841
20952105
21072112
21042120
2100
2076 2044
2008
1958
22132203
2160
20882077
2095
2097
21052116
2104
2100
1777
1794
1794
1798
156 160152149
147139133140134134148148138133131
144170
185188188182172179171165156160161161151144141130141
180179175
134145
144 144
1649
145
(hour)(hour)
Source: “Monthly Labour Survey”, Statistics and Information Department, Minister’s Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. The figures were calculated by multiplying the monthly average by 12 and rounding to the whole number.
2. The figures for annual non-scheduled hours worked were calculated by subtracting annual scheduled hours worked from total annual hours worked.
3. The figures before FY1983 were calculated by adding up the monthly figures.
(FY)
Total annual hours worked (scale on the left)
Annual scheduled hours worked (scale on the left)
Annual non-scheduled hours worked (scale on the right)
Changes in Annual Hours Worked (establishments with 30 employees or more)Detailed Data 6
18
Social Security-Related Expenditure (National Budget)
Category 1980 85 90 95 2000 05 Category 2009 10 11 12 13
82,124 100.0 95,740 100.0 116,154 100.0 139,244 100.0 167,666 100.0 203,808 100.0 248,344 100.0 272,686 100.0 287,079 100.0 263,901 100.0 291,224 100.09,559 11.6 10,816 11.3 11,087 9.5 10,532 7.6 12,306 7.3 19,230 9.4 196,004 78.9 203,363 74.6 210,366 73.3 190,845 72.3 218,475 75.0
13,698 16.7 20,042 20.9 24,056 20.7 34,728 24.9 36,580 21.8 16,443 8.1 20,969 8.4 22,388 8.2 26,065 9.1 28,319 10.7 28,614 9.851,095 62.2 56,587 59.1 71,953 61.9 84,700 60.8 109,551 65.3 158,638 77.8 25,091 10.1 39,305 14.4 44,194 15.4 38,746 14.7 38,610 13.33,981 4.8 4,621 4.8 5,587 4.8 6,348 4.6 5,434 3.2 4,832 2.4 4,346 1.8 4,262 1.6 3,905 1.4 3,788 1.4 3,539 1.23,791 4.6 3,674 3.8 3,471 3.0 2,936 2.1 3,795 2.3 4,664 2.3 1,934 0.8 3,367 1.2 2,549 0.9 2,204 0.8 1,986 0.7
86,416 7.5 99,920 2.6 120,521 6.4 144,766 2.9 174,251 3.9 208,178 3.1 251,568 13.7 275,561 9.5 289,638 5.1 266,873 7.9(*)
294,321 10.3
307,332 10.3 325,854 0.0 353,731 3.8 421,417 3.1 480,914 2.6 472,829 0.7 517,310 9.4 534,542 3.3 540,780 1.2 512,450 5.2 527,312 2.9
Social security-related Public assistance Social welfare Social insurance Public health services Unemployment rmeasuresMHLW budget
General expenditures
(Unit: ¥100 million, %)
Social security-relatedPension/health care/long-term carePublic assistance Social welfare Public health services Employment and industrial accident MHLW budget
General expenditures
Source: Finance Division, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. The sums in the breakdown may not equal the total due to rounding.
2. The figures in parentheses indicate the percentage distribution, except for figures for the MHLW budget and general expenditures that indicate the rate of increase from the previous year. ∆ indicates a decrease.
3. The figures for MHLW budget up to FY2001 were calculated as the sum of the budget of the former Ministry of Health and Welfare and that of the Ministry of Labour.
4. Categories of social security-related expenses were reviewed in FY2009 budget.5. The FY2012 pension difference portion (i.e. the difference between the state subsidy rate for basic pension of 1/2 and
36.5% (*)) was originally intended to be financed by government bonds for pension funds but was then changed to stop-gap public bonds (special bonds for covering public pension funding). It was increased in the FY2012 supplementary budget.
Changes in Social Security-Related Expenditure in National BudgetOverview
FY1980 85 90 95 2000 05955,926
1,369,77524,282
122,196482,936149,021
3,9502,181
38,84463,580
476,119--
--
6,1265,060,215
79,771---
5,1882,123,107
776--
1,157,085-
1,689,611-
396,96866,30310,03682,317
-50,68371,370
5,527-----
83,499-
3,82223,411
377,1066,933
102,297267,876481,585
8,641,57542,588,843
1,081,5372,004,211
33,90882,298
484,079265,189
4,8001,565
51,73290,250
984,113--
--
6,2755,569,386
64,750---
5,4312,018,870
1,020--
681,774913,528
1,868,721-
461,20799,8858,670
100,995-
33,138118,358
3,755-----
63,796-
4,44028,170
367,1396,063
67,954293,122508,506
9,991,98752,499,643
1,108,7482,405,589
78,263112,702439,994219,851
3,6001,285
52,47086,883
1,402,738--
--
7,8027,090,824
28,485---
9,7392,549,031
1,245--
934,6262,144,1721,422,989
-557,679122,43218,891
121,535-
26,298173,979
7,650-----
48,717-
5,30332,874
345,8676,158
45,384294,325534,428
12,052,13566,236,791
1,053,1803,472,812
204,096166,044589,129231,040
3,4001,552
79,135102,173
2,085,439--
--
10,8048,312,699
14,391---
23,4792,819,398
1,616-
1,4201,103,8442,829,5441,518,306
-634,187109,620
34,922145,602
3316,135
233,78014,825
-----
31,771-
7,79939,702
293,4346,798
31,627255,009710,246
14,476,55870,987,120
1,230,5583,657,991
209,719155,674763,606262,889
5,4901,617
108,360110,949
2,028,696--
--
10,99210,863,311
128,453--
1,010,48226,785
3,354,6751,173
-3,319
1,070,7553,720,8861,546,105
-542,101
81,41446,372
156,0351,9938,411
130,7859,591
-----
57,659-
8,36941,470
378,6616,985
35,397336,279752,480
17,425,10084,987,053
-
-
--
-
-
1,922,9721,644,326
165,895115,425724,410325,244
5,1102,082
117,693123,963
3,8874,7652,701
10141,92311,127
15,708,833317,47511,442
4,286,754
13,3393,739,112
1,802989,220
4,539,4501,799,637
10,101481,90978,99919,986
152,417
6,864
46,922673
51,3533,658
92562,8967,7988,624
40,794465,959
5,37334,447
426,139593,827
20,817,82782,182,918
Detailed Data
Expenditure for public assistance Expenditure for social welfare
Miscellaneous social welfare expenses Development of social welfare facilities Protection for children Miscellaneous expenses for child rearing allowance Welfare for fatherless families Rehabilitation protective care for women Protection for persons disabilities Miscellaneous expenses for benefits, including special child rearing allowance Welfare for elderly Operation of the Welfare And Medical Service Agency Operation of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual
Disabilities, Nozominosono Development of the National Center for Persons with Severe
Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Miscellaneous expenses for services and supports for persons with disabilities National rehabilitation facilities
Expenditure for social insurance State subsidy for child allowance Promotion for Long-Term Care Insurance Miscellaneous expenses for medical care for elderly and Long-Term Care InsuranceLong-Term Care Insurance subsidies Health Insurance Society subsidies National Health Insurance subsidies Implementation of Farmers Pension Pension Fund Association subsidies National Pension Fund subsidies, etc. State subsidy for social insuranceState subsidy for Employees' Pension Insurance State subsidy for National Pension State subsidy for special disability benefits
Expenditure for public health services Miscellaneous expenses for public health services Development of public health facilities Measures for atomic bomb casualties Facilities of National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims Medical care for tuberculosis Management of national hospitals and clinics Facilities of national hospitals and clinics Management of National Centers for Advanced and Specialized Medical Care Facilities of National Centers for Advanced and Specialized Medical Care Operation of the National Hospital Organization Development of the National Hospital Organization facilities Facilities of the National Hansen's Disease Museum Mental health care Implementation of medical care and treatment, etc. Quarantine stations National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria
Expenditure for unemployment measures Projects for employment in specialized area development Projects for job conversion measures State subsidy for employment insurance
Others Total amount of the General Account budget allocated for MHLW Total amount of the General Account budget
Changes in the General Account Expenditure Budget Classified by Expense Item Allocated for MHLW(Unit: ¥ million)
19
20082,005,3361,658,895
1,887113
37,500327,626
82,0508,270
166,72413,71619,50042,784
922,6162,596
9012,886
4,2816,2796,697
889167
2,22417,345,415
6,995,806381,429
53,6741,779
3,025
13
740256,392
11,674
7,425,7822,460
68,2591,923,562
38,065182,755408,123
37,721
6,030
47,854
3,32025,490
6,0542,347
149,4251,142
8031,1622,6681,700
14,860209
1,098725
23,418500447
21,19616,74143,214
195,418978
22,238161,189
2143,3513,6343,812
509,07022,122,25783,061,340
09 1019,545,113
7,718,4622,250
9,854,4591,969,9422,096,8882,383,608
1,887110
65,27217,85748,782
25565
38,800340,102
-252,300
84,3908,127
169,314-
5,03321,00041,390
941,7842,382
-
9,95911,448
4,138-
4,8112,579
74,30849,425
178,5786,657
231171
2,185-
433,3374,124
46741,497
4,75745,972
3,217-----------
23,5845,860
-2,275
148,8931,1367,4531,150
47,0692,086
73513,740
198931
1,03030,384
6,572687
2,59419,957
5,63411,335
193,286401
102
22,319160,175
-157
3,3513,5683,304
504,61425,156,846
88,548,001
20,274,7798,072,046
-10,122,389
2,080,3452,238,8203,804,447
1,587103
81,69215,20929,793
--
36,100353,362
-1,514,767
85,93411,471
176,4130
5,03324,00039,654
1,064,6642,264
291
8,54311,140
4,121-
3,3171,506
75,79336,307
211,8316,478
755171
2,152-
424,9182,538
386-
-43,682
3,1218,803
5205,9024,5951,6188,455
7425,008
-3,459
-28,430
5,701-
2,541150,716
9882,0741,198
40,7594,9441,229
15,822160
1,0981,229
33,5856,865
8412,299
19,3015,238
11,073336,317
371
-4
25,720301,040
---
3,3482,7693,066
476,81827,556,099
92,299,193
1120,970,322
8,393,427-
10,373,2152,203,6802,606,5114,294,558
1,17899
70,3438,334
24,750---
374,382-
1,959,84087,70113,235
185,50250,000
3,00020,00033,822
1,128,5982,261
-
7,89111,727
3,948-
2,2801,408
69,65918,313
206,4306,4061,217
1672,070
-389,176
2,881362
-
-36,202
-8,755
5105,4284,513
-7,514
2614,666
4003,613
-24,954
5,492-
2,493143,733
879754
3,37432,149
2,015783
21,129113
1,0571,532
29,8106,675
7131,964
18,7504,936
10,764254,689
333
-4
13,289215,551
17,266-
3,3472,0392,861
448,58628,963,843
92,411,613
(Unit: ¥ million)
Pension/health care/long-term care insurance benefits Miscellaneous expenses for health care insurance benefits Transfer of expenses for sickness insurance benefits, etc. to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of contributions for Basic Pension, etc. to Special Account for National Pension Promotion of long-term care insurance operation
Expenditure for public assistance Expenditure for social welfare
Support measures for atomic bomb casualties, etc Promotion of drug safety measures, etc. Miscellaneous expenses for health care insurance benefits Transfer of miscellaneous expenses for health insurance business debts to Special Account for National Pension Promotion of medical expenditure control Transfer of expenses for sickness insurance benefits, etc. to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Transfer of operation expenses to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Community child rearing support measures Operation of day-care centers Transfer of benefits for children by way of performance in money to Special Account for National PensionTransfer of child allowance to Special Account for National Pension Child abuse prevention measures Maternal and child health measures Measures for fatherless families, etc. Children and childcare support measures Development of child welfare facilities Promotion of community welfare Miscellaneous social welfare expenses Health and welfare for persons with disabilities Operation of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Development of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Transfer of expenses for special disability benefits to Special Account for National Pension Development of social welfare facilities Operation of the Welfare And Medical Service AgencyOperation of public pension systemsTransfer of contributions for Basic Pension, etc. to Special Account for National Pension Appropriate operation of corporate pension, etc. Promotion of daily life support for elderly Promotion of long-term care insurance operation Transfer of operation expenses to Special Account for National Pension Common expenses for national rehabilitation facilities National rehabilitation facilities Operation of National Homes for Juvenile Training and Education Operation of national rehabilitation facilitiesTransfer of disaster measures promotion to Special account for reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Expenditure for public health services Measures for securing medical service provision system
Promotion of medical safety Transfer of management expenses, etc. to Special Account for National Advanced and Specialized Medical Center Transfer of facility expenses, etc. to Special Account for National Advanced and Specialized Medical Center Operation of the National Hospital Organization Development of the National Hospital Organization facilities Operation of the National Cancer Center Development of facilities of the National Cancer Center Operation of the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Operation of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Development of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Operation of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine Development of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine Operation of the National Center for Child Health and Development Development of the National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentDevelopment of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Operation of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Measures against infectious diseases Measures against specific diseases, etc. Facilities of the National Hansen's Disease MuseumPromotion of medical transplantation Support measures for atomic bomb casualties, etc Measures for blood products Measures for securing important drugs Promotion of research and development of drugs Development of medical service provision system/infrastructure Measures for regional health services Development of public health facilities Measures for health promotion Promotion of health risk management Measures against narcotics and stimulants, etc. Measures for environmental health Health and welfare for persons with disabilities Common expenses for quarantine stations Implementation of quarantine duties, etc. Implementation of imported food inspection Common expenses for National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Facilities of National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Operation of National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria
Employment and industrial accident measures Transfer of insurance benefits of Workers' Accident Compensation Insurance to Special Account for Labour Insurance Transfer of expenses for pension benefits in the course of duties to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Transfer of expenses for pension benefits in the course of duties to Special Account for National Pension Employment security/promotion for elderly, etc. Transfer of unemployment, etc. benefits to Special Account for Labour Insurance Transfer of expenses for employment support projects to Special Account for Labour Insurance Transfer of expenses for unemployment insurance benefits to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Vocational ability enhancement Vocational ability development support for young people, etc. Vocational ability development support for persons with disabilities, etc. Others Total amount of the General Account budget allocated for MHLW Total amount of the General Account budget
Expenditure for public assistance Expenditure for social welfare
Support measures for atomic bomb casualties, etc Promotion of drug safety measures, etc. Community child rearing support measures Operation of day-care centers Child abuse prevention measures Maternal and child health measures Measures for fatherless families, etc. Development of child welfare facilities Promotion of community welfare Miscellaneous social welfare expenses Health and welfare for persons with disabilities Operation of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Development of the National Center for Persons with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, Nozominosono Development of social welfare facilities Operation of the Welfare And Medical Service Agency Promotion of daily life support for elderly Common expenses for national rehabilitation facilities National rehabilitation facilities Operation of National Homes for Juvenile Training and Education Operation of national rehabilitation facilities
Expenditure for social insurance Miscellaneous expenses for health care insurance benefits Transfer of insurance benefits, etc. to Special Account for National Pension Promotion of medical expenditure control Transfer of promotion expenses of medical expenditure control to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of expenses for sickness insurance benefits, etc. to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Transfer of expenses for pension benefits in the course of duties to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Transfer of operation expenses to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Transfer of child allowance to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of expenses for special disability benefits to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of contributions for Basic Pension, etc. to Special Account for National Pension Promotion and dissemination of corporate pension, etc. Promotion of daily life support for elderly Promotion of long-term care insurance operation Transfer of long-term care insurance levies to Special Account for National Pension Transfer of operation expenses to Special Account for National Pension
Expenditure for public health services Transfer of management expenses, etc. to Special Account for National Advanced and Specialized Medical Center Transfer of facility expenses, etc. to Special Account for National Advanced and Specialized Medical Center Operation of the National Hospital Organization
Development of the National Hospital Organization facilities
Measures against infectious diseases Measures against specific diseases, etc. Promotion of medical transplantation Support measures for atomic bomb casualties, etc Measures for blood products Measures for securing important drugs Promotion of research and development of drugs Measures for regional health services Development of public health facilities Measures for health promotion Promotion of health risk management Measures against narcotics and stimulants, etc. Measures for environmental health Health and welfare for persons with disabilities Facilities of quarantine stations Implementation of quarantine duties, etc. Common expenses for National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Facilities of National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria Operation of National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria
Expenditure for unemployment measures Measures for creating regional employment opportunities Employment security/promotion for elderly, etc. Transfer of unemployment, etc. benefits to Special Account for Labour Insurance Transfer of expenses for unemployment insurance benefits to Special Account for Seamen's Insurance Vocational ability enhancement Vocational ability development support for young people, etc. Vocational ability development support for persons with disabilities, etc.
Others Total amount of the General Account budget allocated for MHLW Total amount of the General Account budget
1219,035,041
8,603,613 -
8,092,266 2,339,162 2,831,887 3,749,307
945 94
65,746 14,860 25,800
- - -
396,225 1,285,832
- 93,564 13,945
185,635 30,700
2,700 23,724 33,447
1,247,639 1,977
-
7,698 6,930 3,571
- 2,238 1,596
69,70814,534
211,808 6,151
35 170
2,034 -
378,775 2,962
333 -
- 28,623
- 8,204
- 5,091 4,761
450 7,321
100 4,405
451 3,852
- 24,111
5,373 225
2,449 144,059
846 -
4,834 30,027
1,896 883
18,744 65
946 1,587
32,946 6,777
669 1,804
18,330 4,860
10,792 220,196
317
- 4
12,002 171,369
28,516 -
3,447 2,038 2,504
472,118 26,687,323
(*) 90,333,932
1321,787,209
8,878,863 -
10,416,708 2,491,638 2,861,438 3,738,691
695 88
58,575 11,943 24,886
- - -
425,625 1,258,205
- 96,537 12,872
192,077 -
2,300 25,000 37,118
1,346,448 1,845
-
7,352 5,937 3,353
463 2,022 1,821
67,147 12,250
132,491 5,739
169 156
2,392 3,187
353,897 3,281
397 -
- 22,958
- 7,425
29 4,605 4,534
402 6,914
333 3,996
- 3,477
236 19,271
4,727 360
2,509 144,699
490 -
3,401 27,774
1,814 883
14,686 65
945 1,705
29,829 6,195
713 2,826
17,139 4,602
10,676 198,458
277
- 4
10,909 167,144
14,451 -
3,448 161
2,065 492,408
29,432,101
92,611,539
Source: Finance Division, Minister's Secretariat, MHLW (Note) 1. The sums in the breakdown may not equal the total due to rounding.
2. The figures for MHLW budget up to FY2001 were calculated as the sum of the budget of the former Ministry of Health and Welfare and that of the Ministry of Labour.
3. The budget items have been arranged in FY2008 budget in order to strengthen the coordination between policy evaluation and budget/settled account. 4. Categories of social security-related expenses were reviewed in FY2009 budget.5. The FY2012 pension difference portion (i.e. the difference between the state subsidy rate for basic pension of 1/2 and 36.5% (*)) was originally intended to be
financed by government bonds for pension funds but was then changed to stop-gap public bonds (special bonds for covering public pension funding). It was increased in the FY2012 supplementary budget.
20
Social Security Benefits
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90(¥10,000)
0
Trends in Social Security BenefitsOverview
1990198019701960
47.2
24.8
3.50.1 0.7
20092000
78.1
2012(Budget based)
109.5
1950
99.9
(¥ trillion)
National Income (¥trillion) ATotal Benefits (¥trillion) B(Breakdown) Pension
Medical services Welfare, etc.
B / A
61.0(100.0%)
(24.3%) (58.9%)(16.8%)
5.77%
1970203.9
(100.0%) (42.2%) (43.3%)(14.5%)12.15%
1980346.9
(100.0%)(50.9%) (38.9%)(10.2%)13.61%
1990371.8
(100.0%) (52.7%) (33.3%) (14.0%)
21.01%
2000349.4
(100.0%)(49.1%) (32.1%) (18.8%)31.34%
2012 (budget based)
Source: “Social Security Benefits FY2009”, National Institute of Population and Social Security ResearchFY2010-2012 (budget based) - Estimated by the MHLWNational Income for FY2012 - “Fiscal 2012 Economic Outlook and Basic Stance for Economic and Fiscal Management”
(Decided by the Cabinet on January 24, 2012)(Note) The figures shown in the diagram are social security benefits (¥ trillion) of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2009, and
FY2012 (budget based).
3.5 0.92.10.6
24.810.510.7
3.6
47.224.018.4
4.8
78.1 41.226.010.9
109.553.835.120.6
Social security benefits per person (scale on the right)
Welfare, etc.
Medical services
Pension
PensionMedical servicesWelfare, etc.Social security benefits per person
21
19501951195219531954195519561957195819591960196119621963
1964196519661967196819691970197119721973197419751976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009
1,2611,5712,1942,5773,8413,8933,9864,3575,0805,7786,5537,9009,219
11,214
13,47516,03718,67021,64425,09628,75235,23940,25849,84562,58790,270
117,693145,165168,868197,763219,832247,736275,638300,973319,733336,396356,798385,918407,337424,582448,822472,203501,346538,280568,039604,660647,243675,402694,087721,333750,338781,191813,928835,584842,582858,660877,827891,098914,305940,848998,507
646804
1,1491,4801,7121,9192,0182,2242,0992,5232,9423,8504,6995,885
7,3289,137
10,76612,58314,67916,97520,75822,50528,11134,27047,20857,13268,09876,25689,16797,743
107,329115,221124,118130,983135,654142,830151,489160,001166,726175,279183,795195,056209,395218,059228,656240,520251,711252,987253,989263,863259,953266,309262,643266,048271,454281,094281,027289,462296,117308,447
51.251.152.357.544.649.350.651.041.343.744.948.751.052.5
54.457.057.758.158.559.058.955.956.454.852.348.546.945.245.144.543.341.841.241.040.340.039.339.339.339.138.938.938.938.437.837.237.336.435.235.233.332.731.431.631.632.031.531.731.530.9
615768
1,0461,0962,1291,9741,9692,1332,9813,2553,6114,0504,5205,329
3,0563,5084,1994,9475,8356,9358,562
10,19212,36716,75826,78238,83153,41565,88078,37789,817
104,525120,420133,404144,108154,527168,923187,620199,874210,459225,407240,420256,145274,013290,376310,084334,986349,548363,996384,105399,112412,012425,714443,781447,845455,188462,930473,253482,735495,443517,246
22.721.922.522.923.324.124.325.324.826.829.733.036.839.039.640.942.243.744.345.145.947.348.649.149.650.250.951.150.951.151.351.851.852.453.253.252.752.353.153.253.052.753.152.852.751.8
3,0913,3923,7054,1144,5824,8425,9207,5619,367
11,55916,28021,73023,65226,73230,21932,27235,88239,99743,45144,64246,21645,04446,80947,46247,39748,13647,98950,14554,87259,60365,92071,73874,14377,10483,23987,363
109,225121,905129,159128,689132,018133,803136,818142,107149,289172,814
22.921.219.819.018.316.816.818.818.818.518.018.516.315.815.314.714.514.514.414.013.712.612.111.711.210.710.210.010.210.510.911.111.011.111.511.614.015.015.515.315.415.215.415.515.917.3
FYTotal
(¥100 million)Medical services
(¥100 million)Percentage distribution
(%)Pension/other welfare
(¥100 million)48.848.947.742.555.450.749.449.058.756.355.151.349.047.5
Percentage distribution(%)
Pension(¥100 million)
Percentage distribution(%)
Other welfare(¥100 million)
Percentage distribution(%)
Social security benefits
(Note) The figures may not add up to the total due to rounding.
Changes in Social Security Benefits by CategoryDetailed Data 1
22
19511952195319541955195619571958195919601961196219631964196519661967196819691970197119721973197419751976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009
3.544.214.295.835.585.054.915.415.234.864.915.155.315.605.985.905.765.745.525.776.116.406.538.039.49
10.3410.8511.5112.0712.1513.0313.6713.8213.8413.6914.4014.4914.0313.9913.6113.5914.7115.5516.3417.5417.7718.1619.5520.5921.0122.5323.4923.5323.6023.9923.7524.1626.7629.44
FYTotal
1.812.202.472.602.752.562.512.242.282.182.392.632.793.053.413.403.353.363.263.403.413.613.584.204.614.854.905.195.365.265.445.645.665.585.485.655.695.515.465.305.295.725.976.186.526.626.626.887.246.997.377.387.437.467.687.497.658.429.09
Medical services
1.271.311.331.321.331.331.401.551.591.752.383.133.804.234.564.935.135.696.066.236.366.487.007.116.957.036.936.947.497.958.389.089.199.52
10.4110.9511.0811.7812.4712.5112.5112.6512.6112.7614.0915.25
1.732.011.833.232.832.492.413.182.952.682.522.532.53
Pension
1.291.261.171.101.050.930.971.151.201.211.451.751.681.721.761.771.761.891.971.931.901.731.751.691.571.501.381.361.501.631.781.941.952.022.262.402.943.373.633.593.633.663.653.754.255.09
Welfare, etc.
44,34652,15960,01565,91769,73378,96288,68193,829
110,421134,967160,819178,933210,993240,514268,270316,448375,477437,209521,178610,297659,105779,369958,396
1,124,7161,239,9071,403,9721,557,0321,717,7851,822,0662,038,7872,116,1512,201,3142,312,9002,431,1722,605,5992,679,4152,810,9983,027,1013,208,0203,468,9293,689,3163,660,0723,653,7603,700,1093,689,3673,801,6093,822,9453,689,7573,643,4093,718,0393,613,3353,557,6103,580,7923,638,9763,658,7833,752,2583,784,6363,515,2213,392,234
National Income(¥100 million)
Social security benefits (in percentage of National Income)
Source: Up to FY1954 - “Annual Report on National Income Statistics 1978”, Economic Planning Agency From FY1955 to FY1977 - “Long-Term Retroactive Report of National Accounts”, Economic Planning AgencyFrom FY1978 to FY1979 - “Annual Report on National Accounts 2000”, Economic Planning Agency From FY1980 to FY2009 - “Annual Report on National Accounts 2011”, Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office
Changes in Social Security Benefits (in Percentage of National Income) by Category(Unit: %)
Detailed Data 2
23
Social Security Benefits and Burdens
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
¥131.8 trillion(23.6%)
¥144.8 trillion(23.7%)
Future estimation of expenses of social security systems○ Prospects with the expense of benefits
The expense of benefits will increase from ¥109.5 trillion (22.8% of GDP) in FY2012 to ¥148.9 trillion (24.4% of GDP) by FY2025.
FY2012<¥479.6 trillion>
FY2015<¥509.8 trillion>
FY2020<¥558.0 trillion>
FY2025<¥610.6 trillion>
(¥ trillion)
Pensions
Medical care
Long-term careChild/childcareOthers
¥109.5 trillion(22.8%)
¥119.8 trillion(23.5%)
¥134.4 trillion(24.1%)
¥148.9 trillion(24.4%)
¥118.7 trillion(23.3%)
Current projectionAfter reform
(Note) 1. The effect of improvements, prioritization, and optimization has been reflected in the “concrete measures, procedures, and estimated cost of social security reform”. (However, the effect of “II Medical and long-term care services, etc. [2] Strengthening of safety-net functions and prioritization of benefits from medical and long-term care insurance systems through functional enhancement of the insurers, and measures against regressivity” and “III Pensions” has not)
2. The figures for “Child/childcare” are total numbers that encompass day-care centers, kindergartens, extended day-care services, community-based childrearing support centers, temporary day-care services, benefits in cash for children, child care leave benefits, maternity allowances, social child care, and health checkups for pregnant women, and assuming implementation of the new systems.
3. The figures in parentheses indicate the percentage of GDP. The figures in angle brackets indicate the amount of GDP.
Review of Social Security Benefits and BurdensOverview
* The total amount of insurance premiums is expected to increase through expanding application of Employees’ Health Insurance and the introduction of total compensation for long-term care insurance levies. However, the effect on the insurance premiums of individual insurers will vary depending on the system used and their income level. Not all people will face an increasing burden with respect to their insurance premiums. This comprehensive reform takes into consideration the burden of low-income earners by strengthening measures for them, and which include reducing their National Health Insurance premiums and long-term care insurance and adding to their pensions. This will result, for example, the strengthened measures to reduce the insurance premiums of the primary insured of long-term care insurance for low-income people having the effect of reducing their insurance premium level by around 30% when the entire amount of the income (up to ¥130 billion) is allocated to reducing insurance premiums. (Note) The effect of improvements, prioritization, and optimization has been reflected in the figures in the bar chart of the “concrete
measures, procedures, and estimated cost social security reform” . (However, the effect of “II Medical and long-term care services, etc. [2] Strengthening of safety-net functions and prioritization of benefits from medical and long-term care insurance systems through functional enhancement of the insurers, and measures against regressivity” and “III Pensions” has not)
Overall image of prospects with the burden of social security expenses
<2012>
Insurance premiums
¥60.6 trillion(60%)
(12.6% of GDP)
Public funding¥40.6 trillion
(40%)(8.5% of GDP)
Total ¥101.2 trillion
(21.1% of GDP)
<2015>Current projection
Insurance premiums
¥65.7 trillion(59%)
(12.9% of GDP)
Public funding¥44.9 trillion
(41%)(8.8% of GDP)
Total ¥110.6 trillion
(21.7% of GDP)
After reform
Insurance premiums
¥66.3 trillion(59%)
(13.0% of GDP)
Public funding¥45.4 trillion
(41%)(8.9% of GDP)
Total ¥111.7 trillion
(21.9% of GDP)
<2025>Current projection
Insurance premiums
¥83.9 trillion(59%)
(13.7% of GDP)
Public funding¥58.3 trillion
(41%)(9.5% of GDP)
Total ¥142.1 trillion
(23.3% of GDP)
After reform
Insurance premiums
¥85.7 trillion(59%)
(14.0% of GDP)
Public funding¥60.5 trillion
(41%)(9.9% of GDP)
Total ¥146.2 trillion
(23.9% of GDP)
[Medical/long-term care] [Pension]Increase
Increase Increase
Major matters not included in the estimation
Increased public funding• Changing the operating unit of
National Health Insurance to the individual prefectures, strengthening of the financial basis
• Strengthening measures that reduce the insurance premiums of the primary insured of long-term care insurance for low-income people
Increased insurance premiums (*)• Expanding application of
Employees’ Health Insurance• Introduction of total
compensation for long-term care insurance levies
• Total unitary system(reduction of co-payments)
• Expanding application of Employees’ Pension (*)
• Strengthening minimum safeguard functionality(Collectively discuss alongside the review of the pension benefits of high-income people (factor in public funding reduction))
24
National Burden Ratio
1970197119721973197419751976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012
12.712.813.314.714.011.712.011.813.513.713.914.414.514.815.115.016.017.017.217.818.117.115.715.614.614.914.514.513.913.514.213.812.912.713.214.314.413.913.011.912.112.313.0
FY NationalTax[1]
12.012.012.513.913.411.111.211.112.813.013.213.713.914.014.414.715.616.616.817.117.316.214.914.813.814.113.714.113.413.013.613.312.312.112.513.413.113.512.611.411.511.712.1
General Account
tax revenue6.16.46.46.87.36.66.87.17.17.77.88.28.58.68.88.99.29.79.99.99.69.59.49.28.89.19.29.59.79.69.69.89.49.19.29.59.7
10.611.310.4
9.89.79.8
Local tax
[2]18.919.219.821.421.318.318.818.920.621.421.722.623.023.324.024.025.226.727.227.727.726.625.124.823.424.023.824.023.623.123.723.722.321.822.423.824.224.624.322.221.922.022.7
Tax burden
[3]=[1]+[2]5.45.95.95.97.07.57.88.38.58.88.89.69.89.79.8
10.010.110.1
9.910.210.610.711.211.511.812.712.713.113.513.613.614.314.514.514.314.614.715.016.316.416.816.817.1
Social security burden
[4]24.325.225.627.428.325.726.627.329.230.230.532.232.833.133.733.935.336.837.137.938.437.436.336.335.236.736.537.137.236.737.338.036.836.336.838.438.939.540.638.638.738.839.9
National burden
ratio[5]=[3]+[4]
0.52.52.80.73.37.57.28.38.08.78.28.27.97.15.95.14.32.91.41.00.10.54.56.78.19.38.77.7
10.612.9
9.99.4
11.110.5
8.26.34.63.76.9
13.511.911.011.4
Fiscal Deficit
[6]24.927.728.428.131.633.333.835.637.138.938.740.440.640.139.739.039.639.638.538.938.537.940.843.043.346.045.244.847.748.947.247.447.946.844.944.743.543.247.552.150.649.851.2
Latent national
burden ratio[7]=[3]+[4]+[6]
61.065.977.995.8
112.5124.0140.4155.7171.8182.2203.9211.6220.1231.3243.1260.6267.9281.1302.7320.8346.9368.9366.0365.4370.0368.9380.2382.3369.0364.3371.8361.3355.8358.1363.9365.9375.2378.5351.5339.2345.5351.1349.4
NationalIncome
(NI)
19.720.020.722.523.020.921.822.324.024.425.025.726.126.526.626.827.728.529.029.229.529.127.527.526.627.227.227.627.226.827.527.826.726.326.827.928.629.028.927.627.928.129.1
National burden ratioto-GDP ratio
(Reference)
75.382.996.5
116.7138.5152.4171.3190.1208.6225.2248.4264.6276.2288.8308.2330.4342.3362.3387.7415.9451.7473.6483.3482.6489.4497.7509.1513.6503.3499.5504.1493.6489.9493.7498.5503.2510.9515.7494.2474.0479.2483.8479.6
GDP
Source: Ministry of Finance Japan(Note) 1. The unit for National Income and GDP is ¥ trillion and is % for others.
2. The figures up to FY2010 are actual numbers, those for FY2011 expected numbers, and those for FY2012 projected numbers. 3. The figures on and after FY1980 are calculated based on 93SNA and those up to FY1979 are calculated based on 68SNA. However, figures
for tax burdens are calculated based on tax revenues and differ from SNA-based figures. 4. The figures for National Tax include the Special Accounts and the levies on Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation. Special local
corporate taxes (the corporate business taxes partly introduced to the national taxes in the FY2008 tax reform. The total amount is transferred to local governments. The tax revenue in FY2012 is 0.5% of the National Income) are included in National Tax.
5. The social security contribution coefficient for FY2009 and FY2010 was adjusted to balance with the actual value in and before FY2008, etc.6. The fiscal deficit figures indicate deficits in the national and local fiscal balances, and temporary special factors are excluded. More concretely,
the long-term debt of the Japanese National Railways and accumulated debt of the National Forest Service were excluded in FY1998, the debt of the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority was transferred to the General Account in FY2003, the influence of transferred assets and liabilities due to the privatization of the Four Highway-related Public Corporations in FY2005, transfer from the Fiscal Loan Fund Account of the Special Account for Fiscal Investment and Loan Program (Fiscal Loan Fund Special Account in FY2006) to the Special Account for the National Debt Consolidation Fund or General Account in FY2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, and a transfer from the Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency to the General Account in FY2011, etc.
Trends in National Burden Ratio (in the Percentage of National Income)Overview
25
Social security burden ratioTax burden ratioFiscal deficit to National Income ratio
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80(Ratio to National Income: %)
62.5
53.2
45.8
30.3
39.9
60.1
51.2(37.3)(37.3)
42.5(34.0)(34.0) 60.0
(47.3)(47.3)57.2
(42.8)(42.8)70.3
(51.7)(51.7) 63.9(45.0)(45.0)
-11.4
22.7 21.6
35.0 30.3 34.9
50.2
17.18.7
10.8 22.925.2
-12.2 -14.2-4.1
-10.2 -1.3
12.4
Sweden(2009)
France(2009)
Germany(2009)
U.K.(2009)
U.S.A.(2009)
Japan(FY2012)
Latent National Burden Ratio(figures in parentheses indicate the ratio to GDP)
National Burden Ratio(figures in parentheses indicate the ratio to GDP)
(29.1)
(24.3)
(36.1)
(39.8)
(44.2)(44.1)
(Note) 1. The figures for Japan (FY2012) are projected numbers and those for other countries are actual numbers from 2009. 2. The fiscal deficit to National Income ratio of Japan and U.S.A. is based on the General Government Accounts
with social security fund subtracted and that for other countries is based on the General Government Accounts.[Sources for foreign countries] "National Accounts" (OECD), " Revenue Statistics" (OECD), etc.
[National Burden Ratio = Tax Burden Ratio + Social Security Burden Ratio] [Latent National Burden Ratio = National Burden Ratio + Budget Deficit to National Income Ratio]
International Comparison of National Burden Ratio
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