Hydrological Assessment & Monitoring Plan
M Sekhar NBSS & LUPM S Mohan Kumar UAS consortiaIndian Institute of Science
8th October 2013
KWDP II (Sujala III) Coverage – Example: Chamarajanagar
Hydrological investigations proposed under the program are similar to the investigations being carried out in Bermabadi WS (BWS) in Hangala Hobli, Gundlupet Taluk, Chamrajanagar district. Brief presentation of the ongoing study in BWS is highlighted. 2/18
Groundwater levels: Gundlupet Taluk
3/18
Measurements in the Berambadi WS
Soil moisture measurements in various plots
Aqua-pro Theta -Probe
TDR
5/18
Simulations of profile soil moisture2011
6/18
Crop measurementsLeaf area index - 10 day frequency - using Canopy Leaf
analyzer, Licor and camera with fisheye lens.
Biomass - collected at critical stages of growth.
Yield - collected at harvest.
Development stages and crop management activities are
monitored.
Canopy Leaf analyzerCamera with Fish-eye Lens
Licor
7/18
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Sunflower Marigold Maize Sorghum
Field Observed LAI
Sim
ulat
ed L
AI
X axis is the LAI measured in the field using Licor/Laser LAI meterY axis is the LAI simulated by the model after calibrationData includes both 2011 and 2012 experiments.
Calibration of STICS crop model
8/18
150 158 166 174 182 190 198 206 214 222 230 238 246 254 262 2700
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5Simulated LAI 2011Simulated LAI 2012Observed LAI 2011Observed LAI 2012
Day of the Year
Leaf
Are
a In
dex(
-)
2011 20120
1
2
3
4Yield of Sunflower
Year
Yiel
d in
t/h
a
Climate variable 2011 2012
Total no of Rainy Days 169 135Rainfall Amount (mm) in the Year
1079 681
Soil Type Sandy Clay Loam
Field Capacity Layer -1 (g/g) 18.5
Wilting Point Layer -1 (g/g) 8.5
Field Capacity Layer -1 (g/g) 21.5
Wilting Point Layer -1 (g/g) 12.0
Depth of Soil Layer (cm) 110
Crop yield simulations
9/18
Surface soil moisture retrieval RADARSAT 2
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
RADA
RSAT
-2 s
oil m
oist
ure
(v/v
)
Measured soil moisture (v/v)
50 Plots Jan '10 - Aug '11
Surface soil moisture (SSM):Retrieval of surface soil moisture from time series of backscatter coefficients using CDF matching approach.
30 satellite images, various crops
10/18
SSM for wet season
SSM for dry season
3
RISAT-15 Images in 2012
Retrieval of LAI using Radar remote sensing
LAI of Turmeric retrieved from
Radarsat-2 from 130 plots is consistent with field and model trends
11/18
Rooting Depth (50 to 100 cm)
Turmeric
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
SHP'
s (vo
l/vo
l) In
vers
ion
usin
g Fi
eld
data
SHP's (vol/vol) Field Measured
2011 data2012 dataErroneous Data PlotsParameter
2012
Field Satellite
Field Capacity of 1st Horizon 0.11 0.19
Field Capacity of 2nd Horizon 0.18 0.17
Wilting Point of 1st Horizon 0.5 0.41
Wilting Point of 2nd Horizon 0.82 0.97
Depth of 2nd Horizon 1.36 1.27
Soil hydraulic parameters
estimation from satellite
12/18
26.1%
33.6%
2.6%
34.9%
0.8%0.6% 1.4%
Legend
! AMS Tower
Drainage
Forest
Scrub forest
Settlement
Waste land
Water body
Irrigation land
Non-Irrigation land
13/18
LULC analysis
0
10
20
30
40
50
Jan-
10
May
-10
Aug-
10
Nov
-10
Feb-
11
Jun-
11
Sep-
11
Dec-
11
Apr-
12
Jul-1
2
Oct
-12
Jan-
13
May
-13
Dep
th to
gro
undw
ater
(m)
Mallayanapura
Kutanoor
Bhimanbeedu
Bhimanbeedu 2
Bhimanbeedu 3
Kannegala
Spatio-temporal trends of groundwater level in
the watershed
14/18
Well yield variations in Berambadi WS
Hydrological & crop variables monitoring planned
Variable Sampling frequencyClimatic parameters 15 minute through a weather station in the WSRunoff Hourly & daily; specific storms at few locations in WSSurface soil moisture Weekly at several plots in the WSProfile soil moisture Weekly at several plots in the WS; one/two 15 minute
sampling gaugesGroundwater levels Several BWs at 10 day to 1 month; one/two 15 minute
sampling gaugesGroundwater chemistry Seasonal at selected points Soil parameters Several locations one/two times for soil analysesCrop growth parameters 10 day sampling of crop variables in several plotsRemote Sensing Several images of optical & microwave satellites for LULC,
crop, soil moisture variables in the watershed
16/18
51
19
30ET
Recharge
Runoff
Clay
6027
13
Sandy Loam
Hydrological budgets: Soil - Crop system
The proposed hydrological monitoring would provide a framework for water balance estimates (e.g. recharge estimates) relevant to crop management and sustainable water use in small watersheds.
17/18
Thank you
www.ambhas.com
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