Hydrological Assessment & Monitoring Plan

M Sekhar NBSS & LUPM S Mohan Kumar UAS consortiaIndian Institute of Science

8th October 2013

KWDP II (Sujala III) Coverage – Example: Chamarajanagar

Hydrological investigations proposed under the program are similar to the investigations being carried out in Bermabadi WS (BWS) in Hangala Hobli, Gundlupet Taluk, Chamrajanagar district. Brief presentation of the ongoing study in BWS is highlighted. 2/18

Groundwater levels: Gundlupet Taluk

3/18

Measurements in the Berambadi WS

Soil moisture measurements in various plots

Aqua-pro Theta -Probe

TDR

5/18

Simulations of profile soil moisture2011

6/18

Crop measurementsLeaf area index - 10 day frequency - using Canopy Leaf

analyzer, Licor and camera with fisheye lens.

Biomass - collected at critical stages of growth.

Yield - collected at harvest.

Development stages and crop management activities are

monitored.

Canopy Leaf analyzerCamera with Fish-eye Lens

Licor

7/18

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Sunflower Marigold Maize Sorghum

Field Observed LAI

Sim

ulat

ed L

AI

X axis is the LAI measured in the field using Licor/Laser LAI meterY axis is the LAI simulated by the model after calibrationData includes both 2011 and 2012 experiments.

Calibration of STICS crop model

8/18

150 158 166 174 182 190 198 206 214 222 230 238 246 254 262 2700

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5Simulated LAI 2011Simulated LAI 2012Observed LAI 2011Observed LAI 2012

Day of the Year

Leaf

Are

a In

dex(

-)

2011 20120

1

2

3

4Yield of Sunflower

Year

Yiel

d in

t/h

a

Climate variable 2011 2012

Total no of Rainy Days 169 135Rainfall Amount (mm) in the Year

1079 681

Soil Type Sandy Clay Loam

Field Capacity Layer -1 (g/g) 18.5

Wilting Point Layer -1 (g/g) 8.5

Field Capacity Layer -1 (g/g) 21.5

Wilting Point Layer -1 (g/g) 12.0

Depth of Soil Layer (cm) 110

Crop yield simulations

9/18

Surface soil moisture retrieval RADARSAT 2

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

RADA

RSAT

-2 s

oil m

oist

ure

(v/v

)

Measured soil moisture (v/v)

50 Plots Jan '10 - Aug '11

Surface soil moisture (SSM):Retrieval of surface soil moisture from time series of backscatter coefficients using CDF matching approach.

30 satellite images, various crops

10/18

SSM for wet season

SSM for dry season

3

RISAT-15 Images in 2012

Retrieval of LAI using Radar remote sensing

LAI of Turmeric retrieved from

Radarsat-2 from 130 plots is consistent with field and model trends

11/18

Rooting Depth (50 to 100 cm)

Turmeric

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

SHP'

s (vo

l/vo

l) In

vers

ion

usin

g Fi

eld

data

SHP's (vol/vol) Field Measured

2011 data2012 dataErroneous Data PlotsParameter

2012

Field Satellite

Field Capacity of 1st Horizon 0.11 0.19

Field Capacity of 2nd Horizon 0.18 0.17

Wilting Point of 1st Horizon 0.5 0.41

Wilting Point of 2nd Horizon 0.82 0.97

Depth of 2nd Horizon 1.36 1.27

Soil hydraulic parameters

estimation from satellite

12/18

26.1%

33.6%

2.6%

34.9%

0.8%0.6% 1.4%

Legend

! AMS Tower

Drainage

Forest

Scrub forest

Settlement

Waste land

Water body

Irrigation land

Non-Irrigation land

13/18

LULC analysis

0

10

20

30

40

50

Jan-

10

May

-10

Aug-

10

Nov

-10

Feb-

11

Jun-

11

Sep-

11

Dec-

11

Apr-

12

Jul-1

2

Oct

-12

Jan-

13

May

-13

Dep

th to

gro

undw

ater

(m)

Mallayanapura

Kutanoor

Bhimanbeedu

Bhimanbeedu 2

Bhimanbeedu 3

Kannegala

Spatio-temporal trends of groundwater level in

the watershed

14/18

Well yield variations in Berambadi WS

Hydrological & crop variables monitoring planned

Variable Sampling frequencyClimatic parameters 15 minute through a weather station in the WSRunoff Hourly & daily; specific storms at few locations in WSSurface soil moisture Weekly at several plots in the WSProfile soil moisture Weekly at several plots in the WS; one/two 15 minute

sampling gaugesGroundwater levels Several BWs at 10 day to 1 month; one/two 15 minute

sampling gaugesGroundwater chemistry Seasonal at selected points Soil parameters Several locations one/two times for soil analysesCrop growth parameters 10 day sampling of crop variables in several plotsRemote Sensing Several images of optical & microwave satellites for LULC,

crop, soil moisture variables in the watershed

16/18

51

19

30ET

Recharge

Runoff

Clay

6027

13

Sandy Loam

Hydrological budgets: Soil - Crop system

The proposed hydrological monitoring would provide a framework for water balance estimates (e.g. recharge estimates) relevant to crop management and sustainable water use in small watersheds.

17/18

Thank you

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