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LIJITHA TSOCIAL SCIENCE
HARAPPANCIVILIZATION
The civilization was named the Harappan Civilization according to the usual practice of archaeology . When an ancient culture is studied ,it is usual to name it after its ‘type site’, that is the place where the evidence of that civilization was obtained first . Harappan civilization is also known as the Indus valley civilization since it was spread over the banks of the Indus and its tributaries .
THE LOGIC OF THE NAME:
The Harappan civilization is a greatculture Which came in to being about 3000B.C . The Harappan Civilization rose in a vast geographical area in which there were big cities , small towns and numerous villages Which were related to another
The evidence of this civilization was obtained From archaeological excavations conducted at Harappa and MohenjoDaro. Excavations were started in 1921 in these Places .
site The person whodiscovered
year
Harappa Daya Ram sahni
1921
MohenjoDaro R.D Banerjee 1922
Amri Oral Staine 1927
Chanhudaro N.G Majumdar 1931
Rupar Y.D. Sharma 1955-56
Kalibangan A.Ghosh 1953
Lothal S.R.Rao 1957
Benvali R.S. Bisht 1973
Dholavia J.P.Joshy 1960’s
MAP OF HARAPPA
Indus valley civilizations –Estimated time scale
5500 -3500 B.C - The Neolithic Age
3500 -2600 B.C - Pre-harappan
2600 – 1800 B.C - Mature Harappan culture
1800 B.C onwards - Late Harappan culture
The city of Harappa is divided into two parts ,with a citadel on ground raised by filling it with mud and down below , the houses of the common people .
cities
CitadelLower Part Of
The City
Public Buildings
Houses of The common
people
The houses were of different sizes varying from a palatial building to one with two small rooms .
The houses had a well , a bathroom and coverd drain in the street .
The houses were furnished with paved floors and were provided with doors and windows .
The roofs were made of mud , reed and wood .
Houses
HOUSES
A large granary found in Harappa gives evidence of the control of resources exercisedd by that society .
These rectangular buildings stood close to the river ,so that grain could be transported easily and cheepily .
Granaries
Mohenjo Daro is situated in the Larkana district of sind .
This city on the banks of the Indus river is the biggest city in the Harappan Culture .
A special features of this city is the great bath .
It had six entrances .
The Great Bath
The Great Bath
The remains of a wharf found in lothal in Gujarat given indisputable evidence of the foreign trade conducted by the people of this culture.
For the import of precious stones,different metals and other articals they had established connections with southern india,eastern india and kashmir.
TRADE AND COMMERCE
COINS
The drainage system of the indus valley civilizaation was very advanced.
The drains were covered with slabs. House drains which ran under the main
streets and below many lanes. The indus valley people knew well that such
drains were not be left open.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
A regular system of weights and measures was used for trade and other transactions .
Numerous articles used for weights such as chert , lime stone , steatite etc . have been found .
These give information about this civilization.Pictures and a script are seen on the seals.
WEIGHT AND MEASURES
VASSELS
WEAPONS
The most interesting part of the discovery relates to the seals-more than 2000 in number made of soap stone,terracotta and copper.
Their engravings of various animals on the numerous seals are very remarkable .
The treatment of animals like the buffalo,the bison,the rhinocerous,the tiger,the deer and especially the humped bull is superb and full of realism.
HARAPPAN SEALS
HARAPPAN SEALS
The harappan people developed their on script or art of writing
This script continues to be a puzzle to historians and thus the riches of the civilization remain unrevealed until this script is interpreted.
HARAPPAN SCRIPT
SCRIPT
Many statues and fugurines, both of animals and men, that have been found at various sites in the indus valley,clearly prove that these people had made great progress in the art of sculpture.
A statue of a yogi,droped in a shawl wom over the left shoulder and under the right arm shows the best model of their sculpture.
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
A Harappan Priest
There are many theories about the end of the harappon civilization among historians.
Some of them are given below : Heavy floods and earthquakes. River which changed their course and the
drying up of the Ghaggar-Hakra riiver. External invasion. Changes in the environment Collapse of trade and commerce.
THE END OF THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION
THANK YOU
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