WELCOME

POWER POINT PRESENTATION

PRESENTED BY,PRAJEESH RAJ.P

REG NO: 13973019SOCIAL SCIENCE

KERALA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION,KOLLAM

YEAR: 2013-2014.

The Indus Valley Civilization  was a Bronze age civilization  extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India .Along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of the old world, and of the three the most widespread, covering an area of 1.25 million sq. km. It flourished in the basins of the Indus River. Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new techniques in handicraft and metallurgy. The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large non-residential buildings. The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan. The Harappan language is not directly attested and its affiliation is uncertain since the Indus script is still un deciphered.

SOCIAL LIFE

Social and Economic Life of Indus Valley CivilizationThe social and economic life of the people of Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization) was systematic and organized. In this article we will discuss about the food, social Dress, ornaments, house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class and structure, religion and funerary customs of the people of Indus Valley Civilization. This will give us an overview of the Socio-economic activities of the Indus People.

GREAT BATH

The Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro is called the "earliest public water tank of the ancient world“. The Great Bath measures 11.88 meters x 7.01 meters, and has a maximum depth of 2.43 meters. Two wide staircases, one from the north and one from the south, served as the entry to the structure. A 1 meter wide and 40 centimeters mound is present at end of these stairs.

GREAT BATH

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

The Harappans were excellent city planners. They based their city streets on a grid system. Streets were oriented east to west. Each street had a well organized drain system. If the drains were not cleaned, the water ran into the houses and silt built up. Then the Harappans would build another story on top of it. This raised the level of the city over the years, and today archaeologists call these high structures "mounds".

Various sculptures, seals, pottery, gold jewelry, and anatomically detailed figurines in terracotta, bronze, and steatite have been found at excavation sites.

ARTICRAFTS

 Marshall identified the figure as an early form of the Hindu god Shiva (or Rudra), who is associated with asceticism, yoga, and linga; regarded as a lord of animals; and often depicted as having three heads. The seal has hence come to be known as the Pashupati Seal, after Pashupati (lord of the beasts), an epithet of Shiva.

GOD PASHUPATI

Marshall hypothesized the existence of a cult of Mother Goddess worship based upon excavation of several female figurines, and thought that this was a precursor of the Hindu sect of Shaktism.

MOTHER GODDESS

Trade amongst the civilizations is also suggested by the finding of hundreds of small seals, supposedly produced by the Indus peoples, at the excavation sites of ancient Mesopotamian cities that were existent around the same time. These ancient seals generally are two sided and square shaped. The dimensions of the seals vary; however, most are less than two by two inches. Generally, these seals are created using steatite and reliable curing methods. Occasionally though, silver and other materials were used for construction and perhaps pigment.

HARAPPAN SEALS

Lothal (Gujarat): is one of the most prominent cities of the ancient Indus valley civilization. Located in Bhal region of the modern state of Gujarat and dating from 2400 BCE. Discovered in 1954, Lothal was excavated from 13 February 1955 to 19 May 1960 by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the official Indian government agency for the preservation of ancient monuments. Lothal's dock—the world's earliest known, connected the city to an ancient course of the Sabarmati river on the trade route between Harappan cities in Sindh and the peninsula of Saurashtra when the surrounding Kutch desert of today was a part of the Arabian Sea.

Mohenjo-Daro (Mound of the Dead) : is an archeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2600 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, and one of the world's earliest major urban settlements, contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Crete. Mohenjo-Daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE, and was not rediscovered until 1922. Significant excavation has since been conducted at the site of the city, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980. The site is currently threatened by erosion and improper restoration.