Greece Time Line (so far)
*Write down the dates and what took place example: 1776 - Revolutionary War Begins
2,000 3001,500
Mycaneans migrated to modern-day Greece
1,200
The Trojan War
1,150
*THE DORIAN AGE*lasted to 750
Emergence of Homer
700 621
Draco came into power and changed Athenian govt.
594
Solon came in to power in Athens*Outlawed ANY slavery
*Organized ancient suing
500
Cleisthenes came into power in Athens.
*Reformed Solon’s classes by location and not wealth
490
Persia attacked Iona
*Beginning of Persian War
480
Xerxes led an attack on Thermopylae and the Battle of Salamis
477
The Golden Age of Athens*lasted until 431
461
The Age of Pericles
*lasted until 429
431
The Peloponnesian War
Athens vs. Sparta*lasted until 404
• The Peloponnesian War severely weakened the strongest Greek city states
– Athens and Sparta
• The war weakened their military and their economic powers
• Just north of Greece, the kingdom of Macedonia took notice of the vulnerable Greeks
– The Greeks once looked down on the Macedonians
– The Greeks thought the Macedonians were uncivilized
• In 359 B.C., Phillip II became the King of Macedonia when he was 23 years old.
• Proved to be a great general
– Transformed the peasants of Macedonia into a well trained, disciplined army
• The Greek city-states knew of King Phillip II’s army in the North
• Could not agree on a policy to unite and form one force– Stayed separate
• In 338, Macedonia invaded Greece– Macedonia conquered Greece at the battle of
Chaeronea
• The Greece city-states stayed separate but were unified under Macedonian rule.
– First under the rule of King Phillip II
• Phillip II planned to conquer Persia next
– But was murdered by a former guard before he could create a plan
• Succeeded by his 20 year old son, Alexander Alexander the Great
• In 334, Alexander decided to carry out he and his father’s plan to conquer Persia.
• He led 35,000 soldiers in to Persia and won the first battle of the war.
– Angered King Darius III of Persia
– Darius III raised an army of 75,000 men to attack Alexander’s army
Alexander received word of Darius’ upcoming attack.
– He cut off the Persian forces in Anatolia Caught them by surprise
– Alexander then rushed Darius’ forces
• Darius was frightened and fled the battlefield.
*Alexander gained control of Anatolia*
• Darius tried to negotiate with Alexander
– He offered Alexander all of his lands west of the Euphrates River
• Alexander rejected Announced his plan to conquer the WHOLE Persian empire.
• Alexander marched into Egypt in 332 B.C. – He was crowned a pharaoh – He founded the city of Alexandria along the Nile
• Darius assembled an army of 250,000 men and the two armies met at Gaugamela – Once again, Alexander pushed through the Persian
forces and forced Darius to flee
• Darius III’s retreat ended his reign over the Persian Empire– Alexander’s army occupied Babylon, Susa, and
Persepolis (Persia’s capital)
*Alexander burned Persepolis to the ground
• Alexander continued pushing east, conquering every civilization he encountered– Fought for 11 years – Fought all the way to India
Alexander’s Empire:
• In the Spring of 323, Alexander became very ill in Babylon and died at the age of 33
• After his death, his many generals fought over the legacy that he created.
• Alexander’s conquering had an incredible cultural impact
– Adopted Persian style of dress– Adopted many Persian ways of life
• New cultures mixed: Macedonia + Greece + Persia
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