Greece Time Line (so far)

*Write down the dates and what took place example: 1776 - Revolutionary War Begins

2,000 3001,500

Mycaneans migrated to modern-day Greece

1,200

The Trojan War

1,150

*THE DORIAN AGE*lasted to 750

Emergence of Homer

700 621

Draco came into power and changed Athenian govt.

594

Solon came in to power in Athens*Outlawed ANY slavery

*Organized ancient suing

500

Cleisthenes came into power in Athens.

*Reformed Solon’s classes by location and not wealth

490

Persia attacked Iona

*Beginning of Persian War

480

Xerxes led an attack on Thermopylae and the Battle of Salamis

477

The Golden Age of Athens*lasted until 431

461

The Age of Pericles

*lasted until 429

431

The Peloponnesian War

Athens vs. Sparta*lasted until 404

• The Peloponnesian War severely weakened the strongest Greek city states

– Athens and Sparta

• The war weakened their military and their economic powers

• Just north of Greece, the kingdom of Macedonia took notice of the vulnerable Greeks

– The Greeks once looked down on the Macedonians

– The Greeks thought the Macedonians were uncivilized

• In 359 B.C., Phillip II became the King of Macedonia when he was 23 years old.

• Proved to be a great general

– Transformed the peasants of Macedonia into a well trained, disciplined army

• The Greek city-states knew of King Phillip II’s army in the North

• Could not agree on a policy to unite and form one force– Stayed separate

• In 338, Macedonia invaded Greece– Macedonia conquered Greece at the battle of

Chaeronea

• The Greece city-states stayed separate but were unified under Macedonian rule.

– First under the rule of King Phillip II

• Phillip II planned to conquer Persia next

– But was murdered by a former guard before he could create a plan

• Succeeded by his 20 year old son, Alexander Alexander the Great

• In 334, Alexander decided to carry out he and his father’s plan to conquer Persia.

• He led 35,000 soldiers in to Persia and won the first battle of the war.

– Angered King Darius III of Persia

– Darius III raised an army of 75,000 men to attack Alexander’s army

Alexander received word of Darius’ upcoming attack.

– He cut off the Persian forces in Anatolia Caught them by surprise

– Alexander then rushed Darius’ forces

• Darius was frightened and fled the battlefield.

*Alexander gained control of Anatolia*

• Darius tried to negotiate with Alexander

– He offered Alexander all of his lands west of the Euphrates River

• Alexander rejected Announced his plan to conquer the WHOLE Persian empire.

• Alexander marched into Egypt in 332 B.C. – He was crowned a pharaoh – He founded the city of Alexandria along the Nile

• Darius assembled an army of 250,000 men and the two armies met at Gaugamela – Once again, Alexander pushed through the Persian

forces and forced Darius to flee

• Darius III’s retreat ended his reign over the Persian Empire– Alexander’s army occupied Babylon, Susa, and

Persepolis (Persia’s capital)

*Alexander burned Persepolis to the ground

• Alexander continued pushing east, conquering every civilization he encountered– Fought for 11 years – Fought all the way to India

Alexander’s Empire:

• In the Spring of 323, Alexander became very ill in Babylon and died at the age of 33

• After his death, his many generals fought over the legacy that he created.

• Alexander’s conquering had an incredible cultural impact

– Adopted Persian style of dress– Adopted many Persian ways of life

• New cultures mixed: Macedonia + Greece + Persia