GO 357GO 357The Political Economy of The Political Economy of
RegionalismRegionalism
Walter HatchWalter Hatch
Colby CollegeColby College
An Asian Difference?An Asian Difference?
WHY SO LITTLEWHY SO LITTLE“HARD”“HARD”
REGIONALISM? REGIONALISM?
Possible ExplanationsPossible Explanations Divergent levels of developmentDivergent levels of development Divergent PolitiesDivergent Polities Divergent CulturesDivergent Cultures NationalismNationalism
• Legacy of colonialismLegacy of colonialism Security externalities of integrationSecurity externalities of integration History hangoverHistory hangover
• Japanese imperialismJapanese imperialism US roleUS role
• Hub-and-spokes relationshipHub-and-spokes relationship NetworksNetworks
Diverse DevelopmentDiverse Development
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
GDP in Asia (2005)
Japan
$US millions
China Korea
Asia’s Per Capita Income (2005)Asia’s Per Capita Income (2005)
Note: US $Source: World Bank, “World Development Indicators, 2007”
-5,000
10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,000
Divergent PolitiesDivergent Polities
Liberal StatesLiberal States• Japan, ROK, TaiwanJapan, ROK, Taiwan
Authoritarian StatesAuthoritarian States• China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Brunei, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Brunei,
Burma, Vietnam, Cambodia, LaosBurma, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos Transitional StatesTransitional States
• Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, IndonesiaIndonesia
Divergent CulturesDivergent Cultures
Buddhist/ConfucianBuddhist/Confucian• Japan, ROK, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, ROK, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan,
SingaporeSingapore BuddhistBuddhist
• Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, BurmaThailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Burma IslamicIslamic
• Indonesia, Malaysia, BruneiIndonesia, Malaysia, Brunei ChristianChristian
• PhilippinesPhilippines
NationalismNationalism Relatively “young” statesRelatively “young” states
• Brunei in 1984Brunei in 1984• Vietnam unified in 1975Vietnam unified in 1975• Singapore created in 1965Singapore created in 1965
Former coloniesFormer colonies• Indonesia (Dutch)Indonesia (Dutch)• Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia (France)Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia (France)• Philippines (US)Philippines (US)• Malaysia, Singapore, Burma, Brunei (UK)Malaysia, Singapore, Burma, Brunei (UK)• Korea, Taiwan (Japan)Korea, Taiwan (Japan)• China (Portugal, Holland, UK, France, Germany, China (Portugal, Holland, UK, France, Germany,
Japan)Japan)
Security Externalities (1)Security Externalities (1)
Security Externalities (2)Security Externalities (2)
Security Externalities (3)Security Externalities (3)
Security Externalities (4)Security Externalities (4)
Security Externalities (5)Security Externalities (5)
History Hangover (China-Japan)History Hangover (China-Japan)
History Hangover (Korea-Japan)History Hangover (Korea-Japan)
How to say, “I’m sorry…”How to say, “I’m sorry…”
U.S. BilateralismU.S. Bilateralism
No Marshall Plan for AsiaNo Marshall Plan for Asia Instead, US bilateralismInstead, US bilateralism
• U.S.-Japan Security Alliance (1953)U.S.-Japan Security Alliance (1953)• And bilateral ties with ROK, Thailand, And bilateral ties with ROK, Thailand,
the Philippines, Indonesiathe Philippines, Indonesia One exception: SEATOOne exception: SEATO
No NeedNo Need
Informal networksInformal networks 関係関係• Japanese MNCsJapanese MNCs• The Chinese diasporaThe Chinese diaspora
Not formal treatiesNot formal treaties
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