Global Monitoring’s
forgotten history
Typewriter to smartphone in five decades
Last century This century
23 years ago
The importance not only of sewage disposal in urban areas but, more
particular of water supply and excreta disposal in rural areas has been recognized
by the organization
. . .
50 years ago
WHO’s Global data is the best that is available today …. , while admittedly
needing much refinement.
1975
38 years ago35 years ago25 years ago15 years ago10 years ago1 year ago1 week ago250 times yesterday“They argue about refinement all the time”!
Definition of terms
• Development countries: …
• Urban and Rural: …
• Reasonable access: …
• Safe water supply: …
• Excreta disposal: …
38 years ago
43 years ago
28 years ago
… it seems likely that … goals may be achieved somewhat
later …
28 years ago
fora.
. . .
23 years ago
23 years ago
In the case of sanitation all that was achieved was to keep pace with population expansion
When typewriters where high-tech !
1960 1980 1990 20001970
1959
• Provision of Safe water in adequate quantities• Concentrating on improving urban water supply
1959
1962
Conclusions in 1962① Urban Sanitation beyond sewage disposal facilities② Consider rural water supply & excreta disposal
1960 1980 1990 20001970
19591962 1977
First Global survey community water & excreta disposal
1971-2
Twelfth World health assembly Urban water and sanitationInclude rural areas and non-sewered sanitation
Mar del Plata “Right to water”
1978
Alma-Ata Primary healthcare concept
2010
1982
First e-mail (over Arpanet)
1960 1980 1990 20001970
19591962 1977
First Global survey community water & excreta disposal
1971-2
Twelfth World health assembly Urban water and sanitation
Mar del Plata “Right to water”
1978
Alma-Ata Primary healthcare concept
2010
IWSSD
Int. Water supply & sanitation decadeFirst Demographic Health Survey
1986
1983
Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)
1960 1980 1990 20001970
19591962 1977
First Global survey community water & excreta disposal
1971-2
Twelfth World health assembly Urban water and sanitation
Mar del Plata “Right to water”
1978
Alma-Ata Primary healthcare concept
2010
IWSSD
Int. Water supply & sanitation decade
1986
Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)Dublin Statement on water and sustainable development
1992
Wassam
1993 1994
Start World Wide WebMICS
1995
Smart phone
1996
1960 1980 1990 20001970
19591962 1977
First Global survey community water & excreta disposal
1971-2
Twelfth World health assembly Urban water and sanitation
Mar del Plata “Right to water”
1978
Alma-Ata Primary healthcare concept
2010
IWSSD
Int. Water supply & sanitation decade
1986
Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)
1993
WassamMICS
1995 1998
Google foundedMillennium summit
20032007
i-Phone
2002
Android OS
MDG’s
WSSD African san
2003
Number of countries for which data is available
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100
50
100
150
200
250
1959 1980 1990 20001970
WHO & JMP global data collection
Country data collected
Core
indi
cato
rs
Har
mon
izati
on p
roce
ss
Post
201
5 in
dica
tors
• CSOs
• GLAAS
1959 1980 1990 20001970 2010
?
“In 2012 more data has been gathered in one year than in the entire history of mankind”
Robert Kirk PatrickDirector UN-Global Pulse,Executive Office of the Secretary General
What we found!
• Insights are relatively consistent over the decades (despite limited data and data verification)
• Ambition have been high throughout the decades
• Means to achieve ambitions improved over time
What we found more!
• Monitoring always seen central to progressBut seen as an eternal struggle …
• Technological advances in dissemination have made information more available over time
• Technology is changing data– collection,– use and– availability.
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