Global monitoring's forgotten history: typewriter to smartphone in five decades
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Global Monitoring’s
forgotten history
Typewriter to smartphone in five decades
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Last century This century
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23 years ago
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The importance not only of sewage disposal in urban areas but, more
particular of water supply and excreta disposal in rural areas has been recognized
by the organization
. . .
50 years ago
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WHO’s Global data is the best that is available today …. , while admittedly
needing much refinement.
1975
38 years ago35 years ago25 years ago15 years ago10 years ago1 year ago1 week ago250 times yesterday“They argue about refinement all the time”!
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Definition of terms
• Development countries: …
• Urban and Rural: …
• Reasonable access: …
• Safe water supply: …
• Excreta disposal: …
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38 years ago
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43 years ago
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28 years ago
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… it seems likely that … goals may be achieved somewhat
later …
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28 years ago
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fora.
. . .
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23 years ago
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23 years ago
In the case of sanitation all that was achieved was to keep pace with population expansion
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When typewriters where high-tech !
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1960 1980 1990 20001970
1959
• Provision of Safe water in adequate quantities• Concentrating on improving urban water supply
1959
1962
Conclusions in 1962① Urban Sanitation beyond sewage disposal facilities② Consider rural water supply & excreta disposal
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1960 1980 1990 20001970
19591962 1977
First Global survey community water & excreta disposal
1971-2
Twelfth World health assembly Urban water and sanitationInclude rural areas and non-sewered sanitation
Mar del Plata “Right to water”
1978
Alma-Ata Primary healthcare concept
2010
1982
First e-mail (over Arpanet)
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1960 1980 1990 20001970
19591962 1977
First Global survey community water & excreta disposal
1971-2
Twelfth World health assembly Urban water and sanitation
Mar del Plata “Right to water”
1978
Alma-Ata Primary healthcare concept
2010
IWSSD
Int. Water supply & sanitation decadeFirst Demographic Health Survey
1986
1983
Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)
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1960 1980 1990 20001970
19591962 1977
First Global survey community water & excreta disposal
1971-2
Twelfth World health assembly Urban water and sanitation
Mar del Plata “Right to water”
1978
Alma-Ata Primary healthcare concept
2010
IWSSD
Int. Water supply & sanitation decade
1986
Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)Dublin Statement on water and sustainable development
1992
Wassam
1993 1994
Start World Wide WebMICS
1995
Smart phone
1996
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1960 1980 1990 20001970
19591962 1977
First Global survey community water & excreta disposal
1971-2
Twelfth World health assembly Urban water and sanitation
Mar del Plata “Right to water”
1978
Alma-Ata Primary healthcare concept
2010
IWSSD
Int. Water supply & sanitation decade
1986
Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP)
1993
WassamMICS
1995 1998
Google foundedMillennium summit
20032007
i-Phone
2002
Android OS
MDG’s
WSSD African san
2003
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Number of countries for which data is available
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100
50
100
150
200
250
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1959 1980 1990 20001970
WHO & JMP global data collection
Country data collected
Core
indi
cato
rs
Har
mon
izati
on p
roce
ss
Post
201
5 in
dica
tors
• CSOs
• GLAAS
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1959 1980 1990 20001970 2010
?
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“In 2012 more data has been gathered in one year than in the entire history of mankind”
Robert Kirk PatrickDirector UN-Global Pulse,Executive Office of the Secretary General
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What we found!
• Insights are relatively consistent over the decades (despite limited data and data verification)
• Ambition have been high throughout the decades
• Means to achieve ambitions improved over time
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What we found more!
• Monitoring always seen central to progressBut seen as an eternal struggle …
• Technological advances in dissemination have made information more available over time
• Technology is changing data– collection,– use and– availability.
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