GHG MITIGATION GHG MITIGATION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE OPPORTUNITIES IN THE
WASTE SECTOR IN WASTE SECTOR IN ARGENTINAARGENTINA
SBSTA IN-SESSION WORKSHOP ON MITIGATION
THURSDAY, 9 DECEMBER 2004COP 10
CONTENTS
• HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ARGENTINA
• NATIONAL STRATEGY• BARRIERS TO PROJECT ACTIVITIES
GDP AND WASTE
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 1993 PRICES. IN MILLION OF PESOS
200.000
210.000
220.000
230.000
240.000
250.000
260.000
270.000
280.000
290.000
300.000
I00
II III IV I01
II III IV I02
II III IV I03
II III IV I04
II
-18% +30,9%
INDUSTRIAL ESTIMATOR Year 1997=100
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
I98
III I99
III I00
III I01
III I02
III I03
III I04
-27% +32,6%
SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS
• In October 2002 45,7% of the households were below the poverty line
• Unemployment peaked at 21,5% in May 2002
WASTE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
• There exists the technological and economic potential to hold GHG emissions.
• Greater energy efficiency opportunities are available, often at lower cost than expected.
HOUSEHOLD WASTE DISPOSAL IN ARGENTINA
• The dominant methods of waste disposal in Argentina are landfills and open dumps.
• There are: – 15 large landfills in the major metropolitan
areas.– About a 100 open dumps in the Buenos Aires
metropolitan area.– Around 2000 open dumps in urban areas.
• Approximately 65% of the urban population have their waste disposed in landfills.
METHANE FROM LANDFILLS
• Current emissions of methane from disposed household waste add to 14 million tonnes of CO2e/per year (1997 national inventory).
• Those emissions are equivalent to 5% of GHG total emissions.
HOUSEHOLD WASTE DISPOSAL IN ARGENTINA
• Municipal waste management is limited to:
– Household waste collection.– Disposal in landfills – Disposal in open dumps:
• There are few technical controls • Health and environmental risks.
HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL
STRATEGY Diagnosis:• Poor institutional organization• Scarcity of statistics and planning• Lack of trained staff• Insufficient legislation related to solid waste
management• Wide-spread waste collection• Scavenging• Significant amount of open dumps
HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL
STRATEGY
Technical Components:
• Sorting at the household level• Recycling and reuse• Composting• Energy recovery• Closure of open dumps• Methane recovery and use
HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL
STRATEGY
Other Components:
• Revision and consolidation of the regulatory framework
• Public awareness• Economic instruments • Provincial Plans
BARRIERS TO METHANE RECOVERY PROJECTS
Institutional barriers
• Solid waste and landfill management a low budget priority for cities, due to heavy financial constraints
• Collection costs absorb almost 85% of waste management resources
• Lack of funds to finance new investments
• Regulatory issues
BARRIERS TO METHANE RECOVERY PROJECTS
Technological barriers
– Managerial constraints at municipal level– Landfills often distant from potential
methane clients– Landfills of medium/small cities may not
generate enough methane to reach commercial scale
BARRIERS TO METHANE RECOVERY PROJECTS
Economic and financial barriers
– Electricity and natural gas price– Scale of projects may not attract
investors– Lack or insufficient financing– Lack of financial institutions
understanding of these type of projects.
How to overcome barriers?
• Technological barriers could be managed through technical systems.
• Clear and stable conditions are necessary due to the long recovery period.
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