French MonarchsFrench Monarchs

House of CapetHouse of Capet – descended from the first French king – – descended from the first French king – Hugh CapetHugh Capet Philip IIIPhilip III 1245-1285 r. 1270-1285 1245-1285 r. 1270-1285 ***children: ***children: Philip IVPhilip IV Charles, Count of ValoisCharles, Count of Valois

Philip IV "the Fair"Philip IV "the Fair" 1268-1314 1268-1314 r. 1285-1314r. 1285-1314

***children:***children: Louis XLouis X Philip VPhilip V Charles IVCharles IV Isabella "She Isabella "She

Wolf of France" married Edward II Wolf of France" married Edward II of England of England

had issue who were claimants to had issue who were claimants to the French thronethe French throne

100 YEARS WAR100 YEARS WAR

Problems with papacyProblems with papacy

Louis XLouis X 1289-1316 r. 1314-1316 1289-1316 r. 1314-1316 ***children:***children: John I – infantJohn I – infant John IJohn I 1316-1316 r. 1316 1316-1316 r. 1316 ***no children – throne passed to uncle***no children – throne passed to uncle Philip VPhilip V 1293-1321 r. 1316-1322 son of Philip IV 1293-1321 r. 1316-1322 son of Philip IV ***only daughters – Salic Law – throne passed to his ***only daughters – Salic Law – throne passed to his

brotherbrother Charles IVCharles IV 1294-1328 r. 1322-1328 son of Philip IV 1294-1328 r. 1322-1328 son of Philip IV ***no surviving sons – throne was to go to Edward III ***no surviving sons – throne was to go to Edward III

of England of England son of his sister Isabella – BUT!!!! French barons refused to son of his sister Isabella – BUT!!!! French barons refused to acknowledge an English king in France – they ignored the acknowledge an English king in France – they ignored the

natural line of succession and asked Charles IV’s cousin to natural line of succession and asked Charles IV’s cousin to rule as kingrule as king

Philip VIPhilip VI 1293- 1293-1350 r. 1328-1350 1350 r. 1328-1350 start of the Valois start of the Valois branch of the branch of the House of CapetHouse of Capet

– – son of son of Charles, Count of Charles, Count of Valois – grandson Valois – grandson of Philip IIIof Philip III

***children:***children:John IIJohn II

SUCCESSION CRISIS – throne should have gone to cousin SUCCESSION CRISIS – throne should have gone to cousin Edward III of England – the origin of the Hundred Years WarEdward III of England – the origin of the Hundred Years War

John IIJohn II 1319-1364 r. 1319-1364 r. 1350-13641350-1364

***children: Charles V***children: Charles V Captured 1356 in the Captured 1356 in the

Battle of Poitiers Battle of Poitiers against, Edward, the against, Edward, the Black Prince – son of Black Prince – son of Edward III of England – Edward III of England – taken as a captive to taken as a captive to London – ransomed as London – ransomed as part of the Peace of part of the Peace of Bretigny 1360 – but Bretigny 1360 – but John died in London as John died in London as a prisonera prisoner

Charles VCharles V 1338-1380 r. 1364-1380 1338-1380 r. 1364-1380 **children: Charles VI**children: Charles VI Recovered much of the French Recovered much of the French

territory lost in the Peace of Bretigny territory lost in the Peace of Bretigny

Charles VICharles VI 1368-1422 r. 1380-1422 1368-1422 r. 1380-1422 ***children: Katherine married 1. Henry V of ***children: Katherine married 1. Henry V of

EnglandEngland 2. Owen Tudor2. Owen Tudor Charles VIICharles VII Had mental problems – his maternal uncle – the Had mental problems – his maternal uncle – the

Duke of Burgundy tried to rule as regent for a Duke of Burgundy tried to rule as regent for a time – this led in part to the Burgundy-Valois time – this led in part to the Burgundy-Valois turmoil for the next centuryturmoil for the next century

Agreed to 1420 Treaty of TroyesAgreed to 1420 Treaty of Troyes

Charles VIICharles VII 1403- 1403-1461 r. 1422-14611461 r. 1422-1461

***children: Louis XI***children: Louis XI Dauphin – disinherited Dauphin – disinherited

by the Treaty of by the Treaty of Troyes – later Troyes – later disinherited his disinherited his nephew Henry VI of nephew Henry VI of England and was England and was crowned Charles VIIcrowned Charles VII

Used Joan of Arc to Used Joan of Arc to help restore powerhelp restore power

LOUIS XILOUIS XI – 1423-1483 (r. 1461-1483) – 1423-1483 (r. 1461-1483) Shrewd and often vicious – revived the power of Shrewd and often vicious – revived the power of

the French monarchy after the victory over the the French monarchy after the victory over the English in the Hundred Years War. His chief foe English in the Hundred Years War. His chief foe was Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy who was Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy who challenged his power as king. Charles was killed challenged his power as king. Charles was killed at the Battle of Nancy 1477 which ended at the Battle of Nancy 1477 which ended Burgundian claims. He signed the Treaty of Burgundian claims. He signed the Treaty of Picquigny with the English in which the English Picquigny with the English in which the English renounced claims to the French throne. He was renounced claims to the French throne. He was succeeded by his thirteen year old son Charles succeeded by his thirteen year old son Charles VIIIVIII

***the 1477 defeat ***the 1477 defeat of Charles the Bold, of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy Duke of Burgundy would be crucial to would be crucial to history*** The history*** The French monarchy French monarchy was strengthened – was strengthened – BUT – sections of BUT – sections of Burgundy and all of Burgundy and all of FLANDERS was FLANDERS was taken by the ally of taken by the ally of Louis XI, Maximilian Louis XI, Maximilian I, Holy Roman I, Holy Roman Emperor***Emperor***

Charles VIIICharles VIII r. 1483-1498 r. 1483-1498 Began French involvement in Began French involvement in

Italy through vague claim to Italy through vague claim to the throne of Naplesthe throne of Naples

Was challenged by Italian Was challenged by Italian States and Ferdinand of States and Ferdinand of Aragon – who feared the Aragon – who feared the growth of French power in growth of French power in Italy. This French-Spanish Italy. This French-Spanish conflict/rivalry made it more conflict/rivalry made it more secure for England as its secure for England as its largest continental neighbors largest continental neighbors fought each other.fought each other.

Married Anne of BrittanyMarried Anne of Brittany Left no surviving childrenLeft no surviving children Succeeded by his cousinSucceeded by his cousin

Louis XIILouis XII r. 1498-1515 r. 1498-1515 Valois-Orleans branch of Valois-Orleans branch of the House of Capetthe House of Capet

Great-grandson of Charles Great-grandson of Charles V of FranceV of France

Married 1. Jeanne daughter Married 1. Jeanne daughter of Louis XI – marriage of Louis XI – marriage annulled by Borgia pope annulled by Borgia pope for political reasonsfor political reasons

Married 2. Anne of Brittany Married 2. Anne of Brittany – widow of Charles VIII – – widow of Charles VIII – only daughters producedonly daughters produced

Married 3. 1514 to Mary Married 3. 1514 to Mary Tudor – daughter of Henry Tudor – daughter of Henry VII of England VII of England

Francis I Francis I r. 1515-1547 start of r. 1515-1547 start of Valois-Angouleme branch of the Valois-Angouleme branch of the House of CapetHouse of Capet

Cousin and son-in-law of Louis XIICousin and son-in-law of Louis XII True Renaissance scholarTrue Renaissance scholar Continued Italian Wars – defeating Continued Italian Wars – defeating

Swiss at MarignanoSwiss at Marignano Sworn enemy of Charles V – HRE Sworn enemy of Charles V – HRE

as Charles surrounded France in as Charles surrounded France in Germany and Spain and had Germany and Spain and had resisted France’s claims in Italyresisted France’s claims in Italy

Field of the Cloth of Gold 1520 – Field of the Cloth of Gold 1520 – attempt to forge union with Henry attempt to forge union with Henry VIII of EnglandVIII of England

While at first tolerant – Francis While at first tolerant – Francis began persecution of Protestantsbegan persecution of Protestants

Succeeded by his son: Henri IISucceeded by his son: Henri II

Henry IIHenry II r. 1547-1559 r. 1547-1559 Married 1533 at age 14 to Married 1533 at age 14 to

Catherine de Medici – descendant Catherine de Medici – descendant of Lorenzo and Cosimo de Medici of Lorenzo and Cosimo de Medici – cousin to Clement VII who – cousin to Clement VII who refused to grant Henry VIII his refused to grant Henry VIII his divorce from Catherine of Aragondivorce from Catherine of Aragon

At age 15 Henry II began a life At age 15 Henry II began a life long affair with Diane de Poitiers – long affair with Diane de Poitiers – left Catherine powerlessleft Catherine powerless

Began French persecution of Began French persecution of Protestants – Huguenots – Protestants – Huguenots – burning, imprisonment, etc.burning, imprisonment, etc.

Continued French ventures in Italy Continued French ventures in Italy – Habsburg-Valois Wars as the – Habsburg-Valois Wars as the French and Charles V Holy Roman French and Charles V Holy Roman Emperor sought to control the Emperor sought to control the peninsulapeninsula

1556 – Charles V abdicated and split 1556 – Charles V abdicated and split his kingdom – Spain and the Low his kingdom – Spain and the Low Lands (Belgium and the Netherlands) Lands (Belgium and the Netherlands) to his son Philip II of Spain – the HRE to to his son Philip II of Spain – the HRE to his brother Ferdinand Ihis brother Ferdinand I

Henry II moved the wars to the Low Henry II moved the wars to the Low Lands – French took Calais from the Lands – French took Calais from the English as Mary I of England entered English as Mary I of England entered the war on the side of her husband the war on the side of her husband Philip IIPhilip II

Peace of Cateau-Cambresis – 1559 – Peace of Cateau-Cambresis – 1559 – peace between England and France – peace between England and France – Henry renounces claims to Italy – Henry renounces claims to Italy – Philip II agrees to marry Elizabeth, Philip II agrees to marry Elizabeth, daughter of Henry II.daughter of Henry II.

Raised the young Mary, Queen of Raised the young Mary, Queen of Scots in his court. She married his son Scots in his court. She married his son Francis I.Francis I.

Henry II was killed after a joust to Henry II was killed after a joust to celebrate the marriage of his daughter celebrate the marriage of his daughter Elizabeth to Philip II of Spain.Elizabeth to Philip II of Spain.

He left young sons – controlled by their He left young sons – controlled by their mother Catherine de Medici.mother Catherine de Medici.

Francis II r. 1559-1560 Francis II r. 1559-1560 As As a child his marriage to Mary, a child his marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots was arranged. Queen of Scots was arranged. Mary was the daughter of Mary was the daughter of James V of Scotland and Marie James V of Scotland and Marie of Guise – from a powerful of Guise – from a powerful French family. As Catholic French family. As Catholic Europe did not recognize Europe did not recognize Elizabeth I’s claim to the Elizabeth I’s claim to the English throne, the marriage English throne, the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and of Mary, Queen of Scots and Francis I – in some peoples’ Francis I – in some peoples’ minds – linked the thrones of minds – linked the thrones of England, Scotland and France.England, Scotland and France.

Francis died of an ear Francis died of an ear infection that spread to his infection that spread to his brain. Succeeded by his brain. Succeeded by his brother Charles IXbrother Charles IX

Charles IX r. 1550-1574 Charles IX r. 1550-1574 his his reign saw the start of the French reign saw the start of the French civil religious wars – the powerful civil religious wars – the powerful ultra-Catholic Guise family fought ultra-Catholic Guise family fought for control of France against the for control of France against the royal family and the House of royal family and the House of Bourbon which was supported by Bourbon which was supported by the growing Huguenot movement. the growing Huguenot movement. Charles IX and his mother Charles IX and his mother Catherine de Medic tried to Catherine de Medic tried to balance between the Guise and balance between the Guise and Bourbon factions. Charles and his Bourbon factions. Charles and his mother helped with the St. mother helped with the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of Protestants in 1572. He died Protestants in 1572. He died without legitimate children and without legitimate children and was succeeded by his youngest was succeeded by his youngest brother Henry III. brother Henry III.

Henry III r. 1551-1589Henry III r. 1551-1589 1576 – Edict of Beaulieu – 1576 – Edict of Beaulieu –

granting concessions to granting concessions to HuguenotsHuguenots

Henry continued the balancing Henry continued the balancing acting with his mother between acting with his mother between the Huguenot and Guise factions the Huguenot and Guise factions (the Catholic League).(the Catholic League).

War of the Three Henries – Henry War of the Three Henries – Henry of Guise, Henry of Navarre of Guise, Henry of Navarre (Bourbon) Henry III(Bourbon) Henry III

Assassinated 1589 by a Assassinated 1589 by a Dominican friar.Dominican friar.

Succeeded by his distant cousin Succeeded by his distant cousin Henry Bourbon, Henry of Navarre Henry Bourbon, Henry of Navarre also his brother-in-law 1572 Henry also his brother-in-law 1572 Henry of Navarre married Marguerite – of Navarre married Marguerite – daughter of Henry II and daughter of Henry II and Catherine de MediciCatherine de Medici

Gender and Sexual Orientation Gender and Sexual Orientation “issues”“issues”

Henry IVHenry IV

Henry of NavarreHenry of Navarre BourbonBourbon HuguenotHuguenot r. 1589-1610r. 1589-1610 ““Paris is worth a Mass”Paris is worth a Mass” PolitiquePolitique War of the Three HenriesWar of the Three Henries Duc de Sully - advisorDuc de Sully - advisor m1. Marguerite of Valoism1. Marguerite of Valois m2. Marie de’Medicim2. Marie de’Medici Children: LOUIS XIIIChildren: LOUIS XIII

• Henrietta Maria m. Charles Henrietta Maria m. Charles I of England I of England

Louis XIIILouis XIII

r. 1610-1643r. 1610-1643 Cardinal Richelieu – Cardinal Richelieu –

advisoradvisor m. Anne of Austriam. Anne of Austria Succeeded by son:Succeeded by son:

• Louis XIVLouis XIV

Louis XIVLouis XIV

FrondeFronde Cardinal MazarinCardinal Mazarin VersaillesVersailles ““L’etat c’est moi”L’etat c’est moi” War of Louis XIVWar of Louis XIV Married Maria Theresa of Married Maria Theresa of

SpainSpain Colbert Colbert Le TellierLe Tellier LouvoisLouvois Involvement with British Involvement with British

monarchy – Jacobite causemonarchy – Jacobite cause Succeeded by great-Succeeded by great-

grandson: Louis XVgrandson: Louis XV

Louis XVLouis XV

r. 1710-1774r. 1710-1774 Duke of Orleans, Duke of Orleans,

regentregent Cardinal FleuryCardinal Fleury Mississippi BubbleMississippi Bubble Seven Years WarSeven Years War Madame de Madame de

PompadourPompadour ““Après moi, le deluge”Après moi, le deluge” Succeeded by Succeeded by

grandson: Louis XVIgrandson: Louis XVI

r. 1774-1792r. 1774-1792 Married Marie Married Marie

Antoinette – Antoinette – daughter of Maria daughter of Maria Theresa, Empress Theresa, Empress of Austriaof Austria

FRENCH FRENCH REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

Succeeded by son:Succeeded by son: Louis XVIILouis XVII

Louis XVIILouis XVII

Never crownedNever crowned Died in prison Died in prison

during French during French RevolutionRevolution

r. 1792-1795r. 1792-1795 Succeeded by his Succeeded by his

uncle:uncle:• Louis XVIIILouis XVIII

Louis XVIIILouis XVIII

r. 1795(1814)-1824r. 1795(1814)-1824 Restored to power Restored to power

by the Congress of by the Congress of Vienna and the Vienna and the defeat of Napoleondefeat of Napoleon

TalleyrandTalleyrand Succeeded by his Succeeded by his

brother: Charles Xbrother: Charles X

Charles XCharles X

r. 1824-1830r. 1824-1830 Count of ArtoisCount of Artois UltraroyalistUltraroyalist 1830 Revolution1830 Revolution July RevolutionJuly Revolution Succeeded by Succeeded by

cousincousin• Louis-PhilippeLouis-Philippe

Louis-PhilippeLouis-Philippe

r. 1830-1848r. 1830-1848 Bourgeois MonarchBourgeois Monarch 1848 Revolution1848 Revolution

BonapartesBonapartes

Napoleon I – 1804-1815Napoleon I – 1804-1815 Napoleon II – never officially reignedNapoleon II – never officially reigned Napoleon III – 1852-1870Napoleon III – 1852-1870