First Age of Empires,1570 B.C.–200 B.C.
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Chapter OverviewChapter Overview
Time LineTime Line
Visual SummaryVisual Summary
SECTION The Empires of Egypt and Nubia Collide 1
SECTION Assyria Dominates the Fertile Crescent 2
SECTION Persia Unites Many Lands 3
SECTION An Empire Unifies China4
4CHAPTER
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Chapter Overview
A series of empires, each one bigger than the last, forges regional unity among the old heartlands of civilization from the Nile to the Iranian Plateau. Meanwhile, the Chinese Empire emerges as a cultural and political unit.
First Age of Empires,1570 B.C.–200 B.C.4
CHAPTER
1544 B.C. Egypt’s New Kingdom established.
850 B.C. Assyrian Empire begins its rise to power.
751 B.C. Nubian kingdom of Kush conquers Egypt.
550 B.C. Persian Empire flourishes under Cyrus.
First Age of Empires,1570 B.C.–200 B.C.4
CHAPTER
Time Line
1570 B.C. 200 B.C.
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206 B.C. The Qin Dynasty of China collapses. Civil War follows.
The New Kingdom forges a brilliant Egyptian Empire, which is eventually conquered and ruled by the Nubians of Kush. The Kushites later establish an Egyptian-style kingdom of their own farther south.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
The Empires of Egyptand Nubia Collide
1HOME
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Two empires along the Nile, Egypt and Nubia, forged commercial, cultural, and political connections.
Neighboring civilizations participate in cultural exchange as well as conflict.
Overview
The Empires of Egyptand Nubia Collide
1
AssessmentAssessment
• Hyksos
• New Kingdom
• Hatshepsut
• Thutmose III
• Nubia
• Ramses II
• Kush
• Piankhi
• Meroë
TERMS & NAMES
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The Empires of Egyptand Nubia Collide
1
Section 1 Assessment
continued . . .
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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List important events in the history of Egypt and Kush.
1285 B.C. Battle of Kadesh
1200 B.C. People of the
Sea attack Egypt.
950-730 B.C. Libyans rule
Egypt.
1472 B.C. Hatshepsut
makes herself pharaoh.
1290-1224 B.C. Ramses II
rules.
1570 B.C. A.D. 350
Egyptian New Kingdom
Aksum defeats Meroë.
1100 B.C. Kush regains
independence.
671 B.C. Kushites lose
Egypt to Assyrians.
2. Read the temple inscription written by Piankhi. Explain how an Egyptian might have written the inscription differently. THINK ABOUT
Section
The Empires of Egyptand Nubia Collide
1
1 Assessment
• what bias Piankhi had • how Egyptians benefited from Piankhi’s invasion • why Egyptians might have disagreed with Piankhi
ANSWERANSWER
continued . . .
An Egyptian might have praised the Kushites for restoring the Egyptian way of life or criticized them for ruling in place of Egyptians.
Possible Response:
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3. How did Egypt and Nubia strengthen each other at various times in their histories? THINK ABOUT
Section
The Empires of Egyptand Nubia Collide
1
1 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
End of Section 1
• Under Thutmose III, Egyptians brought gold, cattle, ivory, and slaves from Nubia.
• Under Egyptian control, Nubian princes adopted much of Egyptian culture.
• When Nubians seized power over Egypt, they tried to restore the Egyptian way of life.
Possible Responses:
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• the role of trade and the movement of goods • the impact of military movements• the influence of cultural developments
The Assyrians absorb Egypt into a Mesopotamian Empire and perfect terror as a means of rule. The Chaldeans and Medes finally annihilate Assyria, only to be swallowed up by the growing Persian Empire.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Assyria Dominates the Fertile Crescent
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Assyria Dominates the Fertile Crescent
2
Assyria developed a military machine, conquered an empire, and established imperial administration.
Some leaders still use military force to extend their rule, stamp out opposition, and gain wealth and power.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Assyria
• Sennacherib
• Nineveh
• Ashurbanipal
• Medes
• Chaldeans
• Nebuchadnezzar
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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Causes of Declining Power
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
Causes of Increasing Power
3.
Assyria Dominates the Fertile Crescent
2
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify the causes of the rise and of the decline of Assyrian power.
Section 2 Assessment
continued . . .
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Need to defend against attacksUse of iron-working technology
Hatred by conquered peopleOverextension
Assyrian Military Power
Success at advanced planning
Unity among Assyria’s foes
Assyria Dominates the Fertile Crescent
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2. The Assyrians relied almost exclusively on military power in building, maintaining, and ruling their empire. Explain whether you think this was a good strategy.THINK ABOUT
Section 2 Assessment
• the causes of Assyrian military power • the stability of the empire • the methods that empires use to become stronger
ANSWERANSWER
Empires often rely on military power. Assyrians relied on a technological advantage that other countries could soon copy and that their brutal methods made them unpopular rulers.
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Possible Response:
End of Section 2
Persian kings forge a multicultural empire stretching from the Indus River to the Nile. Persia pioneers enlighten tolerance in government and support the Zoroastrian religion.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Persia UnitesMany Lands
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The Persian Empire ruled with tolerance and wise government.
Tolerance and wise government are characteristics of the most successful methods of rule.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Cyrus
• Cambyses
• Darius
• satrap
• Royal Road
• Zoroaster
Persia UnitesMany Lands
3
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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GRAPH
Persia UnitesMany Lands
3
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain the similarities and differences between Cyrus and Darius.
Section 3 Assessment
continued . . .
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Both
Both ruled fairly and expanded the empire.
Cyrus founded the Persian Empire and allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem.
Darius seized power and introduced coins of standard value.
Cyrus Only Darius Only
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Persia UnitesMany Lands
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Section 3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
The tolerance displayed by Cyrus and other Persian rulers probably encouraged people to practice their religious beliefs.
Possible Response:
2. Why do you think Persians and other peoples were able to turn their thoughts to religion? THINK ABOUT
• past history of peoples in the Fertile Crescent • living conditions in the Persian Empire • role of leaders in the Persian Empire
continued . . .
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3. How did Darius’s methods of administration give stability to his empire? THINK ABOUT
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Persia UnitesMany Lands
3
3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
End of Section 3
• He divided the empire into 20 provinces.
• He appointed a satrap for each province.
• He tolerated other religions, languages, and local laws.
• Road system and coinage also helped give stability to the empire.
Possible Responses:
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• the structure of the empire • policy of tolerance • the role of the satrap
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Amid the social chaos of the crumbling Zhou Dynasty, Chinese philosophers develop three major schools of thought. Shi Huangdi unifies China in a brutal military campaign and builds the Great Wall.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
An EmpireUnifies China
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The social disorder of the warring states contributed to Chinese philosophy and unification.
The people, events, and ideas that shaped China’s early history continue to influence China’s role in today’s world.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Confucius
• filial piety
• bureaucracy
• Daoism
• Legalism
• I Ching
• yin and yang
• Qin dynasty
• Shi Huangdi
• autocracy
An EmpireUnifies China
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MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain how the chaos of the warring states affected Chinese philosophy, politics, and the growth of cities.
An EmpireUnifies China
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continued . . .
Section 4 Assessment
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Chaos of the warring states
Philosophy Politics
Cities
Confucius, the Legalists, and Laozi offered solutions to
the chaos.
Shi Huangdi took harsh steps to
impose unity and stability.
People moved to them for protection.
Section 4 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
2. In 1776, the American Declaration of Independence declared that “all men are created equal.” How would followers of the three philosophical traditions in China react to that statement? THINK ABOUT
• their views on equality
An EmpireUnifies China
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• views on opposition to government
• Confucius would reject the statement because he tried to restore an unequal social order.
• Legalists might have objected for justifying opposition to government.
• Laozi might have agreed, believing that governments tend to enforce inequality.
Possible Responses:
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continued . . .
3. Compare and contrast the monumental projects of the Persian Royal Road and the Great Wall of China. Explain their purposes, how they changed the environment, and how they affected the peoples living there.
Section
An EmpireUnifies China
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4 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
• Royal Road—built to improve communication and transportation, connected peoples and regions
• Great Wall—built to prevent attacks by nomads, helped define borders, helped unify people, established barrier where no natural barrier had been
Possible Responses:
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End of Section 4
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