First Age of Empires, 1570 B.C. –200 B.C. QUIT Chapter Overview Time Line Visual Summary SECTION...

First Age of Empires,1570 B.C.–200 B.C.

QUIT

Chapter OverviewChapter Overview

Time LineTime Line

Visual SummaryVisual Summary

SECTION The Empires of Egypt and Nubia Collide 1

SECTION Assyria Dominates the Fertile Crescent 2

SECTION Persia Unites Many Lands 3

SECTION An Empire Unifies China4

4CHAPTER

GRAPH

HOME

Chapter Overview

A series of empires, each one bigger than the last, forges regional unity among the old heartlands of civilization from the Nile to the Iranian Plateau. Meanwhile, the Chinese Empire emerges as a cultural and political unit.

First Age of Empires,1570 B.C.–200 B.C.4

CHAPTER

1544 B.C. Egypt’s New Kingdom established.

850 B.C. Assyrian Empire begins its rise to power.

751 B.C. Nubian kingdom of Kush conquers Egypt.

550 B.C. Persian Empire flourishes under Cyrus.

First Age of Empires,1570 B.C.–200 B.C.4

CHAPTER

Time Line

1570 B.C. 200 B.C.

HOME

206 B.C. The Qin Dynasty of China collapses. Civil War follows.

The New Kingdom forges a brilliant Egyptian Empire, which is eventually conquered and ruled by the Nubians of Kush. The Kushites later establish an Egyptian-style kingdom of their own farther south.

OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment

Key Idea

The Empires of Egyptand Nubia Collide

1HOME

MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW

Two empires along the Nile, Egypt and Nubia, forged commercial, cultural, and political connections.

Neighboring civilizations participate in cultural exchange as well as conflict.

Overview


1

AssessmentAssessment

• Hyksos

• New Kingdom

• Hatshepsut

• Thutmose III

• Nubia

• Ramses II

• Kush

• Piankhi

• Meroë

TERMS & NAMES

HOME


1

Section 1 Assessment

continued . . .

HOME

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List important events in the history of Egypt and Kush.

1285 B.C. Battle of Kadesh

1200 B.C. People of the

Sea attack Egypt.

950-730 B.C. Libyans rule

Egypt.

1472 B.C. Hatshepsut

makes herself pharaoh.

1290-1224 B.C. Ramses II

rules.

1570 B.C. A.D. 350

Egyptian New Kingdom

Aksum defeats Meroë.

1100 B.C. Kush regains

independence.

671 B.C. Kushites lose

Egypt to Assyrians.

2. Read the temple inscription written by Piankhi. Explain how an Egyptian might have written the inscription differently. THINK ABOUT

Section


1

1 Assessment

• what bias Piankhi had • how Egyptians benefited from Piankhi’s invasion • why Egyptians might have disagreed with Piankhi

ANSWERANSWER

continued . . .

An Egyptian might have praised the Kushites for restoring the Egyptian way of life or criticized them for ruling in place of Egyptians.

Possible Response:

HOME

3. How did Egypt and Nubia strengthen each other at various times in their histories? THINK ABOUT

Section


1

1 Assessment

ANSWERANSWER

End of Section 1

• Under Thutmose III, Egyptians brought gold, cattle, ivory, and slaves from Nubia.

• Under Egyptian control, Nubian princes adopted much of Egyptian culture.

• When Nubians seized power over Egypt, they tried to restore the Egyptian way of life.

Possible Responses:

HOME

• the role of trade and the movement of goods • the impact of military movements• the influence of cultural developments

The Assyrians absorb Egypt into a Mesopotamian Empire and perfect terror as a means of rule. The Chaldeans and Medes finally annihilate Assyria, only to be swallowed up by the growing Persian Empire.


Key Idea

Assyria Dominates the Fertile Crescent

2HOME


2

Assyria developed a military machine, conquered an empire, and established imperial administration.

Some leaders still use military force to extend their rule, stamp out opposition, and gain wealth and power.

Overview


• Assyria

• Sennacherib

• Nineveh

• Ashurbanipal

• Medes

• Chaldeans

• Nebuchadnezzar


TERMS & NAMES

HOME

Causes of Declining Power

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

Causes of Increasing Power

3.


2

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Identify the causes of the rise and of the decline of Assyrian power.


continued . . .

HOME

Need to defend against attacksUse of iron-working technology

Hatred by conquered peopleOverextension

Assyrian Military Power

Success at advanced planning

Unity among Assyria’s foes


2

2. The Assyrians relied almost exclusively on military power in building, maintaining, and ruling their empire. Explain whether you think this was a good strategy.THINK ABOUT


• the causes of Assyrian military power • the stability of the empire • the methods that empires use to become stronger

ANSWERANSWER

Empires often rely on military power. Assyrians relied on a technological advantage that other countries could soon copy and that their brutal methods made them unpopular rulers.

HOME

Possible Response:

End of Section 2

Persian kings forge a multicultural empire stretching from the Indus River to the Nile. Persia pioneers enlighten tolerance in government and support the Zoroastrian religion.


Key Idea

Persia UnitesMany Lands

3HOME

GRAPH

The Persian Empire ruled with tolerance and wise government.

Tolerance and wise government are characteristics of the most successful methods of rule.

Overview


• Cyrus

• Cambyses

• Darius

• satrap

• Royal Road

• Zoroaster


3


TERMS & NAMES

HOME

GRAPH


3

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain the similarities and differences between Cyrus and Darius.


continued . . .

HOME

Both

Both ruled fairly and expanded the empire.

Cyrus founded the Persian Empire and allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem.

Darius seized power and introduced coins of standard value.

Cyrus Only Darius Only

GRAPH


3


ANSWERANSWER

The tolerance displayed by Cyrus and other Persian rulers probably encouraged people to practice their religious beliefs.

Possible Response:

2. Why do you think Persians and other peoples were able to turn their thoughts to religion? THINK ABOUT

• past history of peoples in the Fertile Crescent • living conditions in the Persian Empire • role of leaders in the Persian Empire

continued . . .

HOME

GRAPH

3. How did Darius’s methods of administration give stability to his empire? THINK ABOUT

Section


3

3 Assessment

ANSWERANSWER

End of Section 3

• He divided the empire into 20 provinces.

• He appointed a satrap for each province.

• He tolerated other religions, languages, and local laws.

• Road system and coinage also helped give stability to the empire.

Possible Responses:

HOME

• the structure of the empire • policy of tolerance • the role of the satrap

GRAPH

Amid the social chaos of the crumbling Zhou Dynasty, Chinese philosophers develop three major schools of thought. Shi Huangdi unifies China in a brutal military campaign and builds the Great Wall.


Key Idea

An EmpireUnifies China

4HOME

The social disorder of the warring states contributed to Chinese philosophy and unification.

The people, events, and ideas that shaped China’s early history continue to influence China’s role in today’s world.

Overview


• Confucius

• filial piety

• bureaucracy

• Daoism

• Legalism

• I Ching

• yin and yang

• Qin dynasty

• Shi Huangdi

• autocracy


4


TERMS & NAMES

HOME

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain how the chaos of the warring states affected Chinese philosophy, politics, and the growth of cities.


4

continued . . .


HOME

Chaos of the warring states

Philosophy Politics

Cities

Confucius, the Legalists, and Laozi offered solutions to

the chaos.

Shi Huangdi took harsh steps to

impose unity and stability.

People moved to them for protection.


ANSWERANSWER

2. In 1776, the American Declaration of Independence declared that “all men are created equal.” How would followers of the three philosophical traditions in China react to that statement? THINK ABOUT

• their views on equality


4

• views on opposition to government

• Confucius would reject the statement because he tried to restore an unequal social order.

• Legalists might have objected for justifying opposition to government.

• Laozi might have agreed, believing that governments tend to enforce inequality.

Possible Responses:

HOME

continued . . .

3. Compare and contrast the monumental projects of the Persian Royal Road and the Great Wall of China. Explain their purposes, how they changed the environment, and how they affected the peoples living there.

Section


4

4 Assessment

ANSWERANSWER

• Royal Road—built to improve communication and transportation, connected peoples and regions

• Great Wall—built to prevent attacks by nomads, helped define borders, helped unify people, established barrier where no natural barrier had been

Possible Responses:

HOME

End of Section 4

First Age of Empires, 1570 B.C. –200 B.C. QUIT Chapter Overview Time Line Visual Summary SECTION...

Documents

Transcript of First Age of Empires, 1570 B.C. –200 B.C. QUIT Chapter Overview Time Line Visual Summary SECTION...