Evolution and BiodiversityEvolution and Biodiversity
G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment
14th Edition
Chapter 5
G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment
14th Edition
Chapter 5
Key ConceptsKey Concepts
Origins of life Origins of life
Evolution and Evolutionary processes Evolution and Evolutionary processes
Ecological niches Ecological niches
Species formation Species formation
Species extinction Species extinction
Origins and Early Evolution of LifeOrigins and Early Evolution of Life
Chemical evolutionChemical evolution
Biological evolutionBiological evolution
Fig. 5-2 p. 88Fig. 5-2 p. 88
Evolution and AdaptationEvolution and Adaptation
MicroevolutionMicroevolution
MacroevolutionMacroevolution
Gene poolGene pool
MutationMutation
Natural selectionNatural selection
Natural SelectionNatural Selection
Differential reproductionDifferential reproduction
Adaptive traitAdaptive trait
CoevolutionCoevolution
Ecological Niches and AdaptationEcological Niches and Adaptation
Fig. 5-4 p. 91Fig. 5-4 p. 91
Ecological niche Ecological niche
Habitat Habitat
Fundamental niche Fundamental niche
Realized niche Realized niche
Broad and Narrow NichesBroad and Narrow Niches
Generalist speciesGeneralist species
Specialist speciesSpecialist species
Refer to Spotlight p. 92Refer to Spotlight p. 92
Figure 5-5Page 92-93Figure 5-5Page 92-93
Black skimmerseizes small fishat water surface
Flamingofeeds on minuteorganismsin mud
Scaup and otherdiving ducks feed onmollusks, crustaceans,and aquatic vegetation
Brown pelican dives for fish,which it locates from the air
Avocet sweeps bill throughmud and surface water in search of small crustaceans,insects, and seeds
Louisiana heron wades intowater to seize small fish
Oystercatcher feeds onclams, mussels, and other shellfish into which it pries its narrow beak
Dowitcher probes deeplyinto mud in search ofsnails, marine worms,and small crustaceans
Knot (a sandpiper) picks upworms and small crustaceansleft by receding tide
Herring gull is atireless scavenger
Ruddy turnstone searchesunder shells and pebbles for small invertebrates
Piping plover feedson insects and tinycrustaceans on sandy beaches
Figure 5-6Page 93Figure 5-6Page 93
Unknown finch ancestor
Insect and nectar eatersFruit and seed eaters
Greater Koa-finch
Kona Grosbeak
Akiapolaau
Maui Parrotbill
Kuai Akialoa
Amakihi
Crested Honeycreeper
Apapane
Speciation, Extinction, and BiodiversitySpeciation, Extinction, and Biodiversity
SpeciationSpeciation Geographic isolationGeographic isolationReproductive isolationReproductive isolation
Fig. 5-7 p. 94
Click to view animation.
Example of directional selection animation.
AnimationAnimation
AnimationAnimation
Click to view animation.
Stabilizing selection animation.
AnimationAnimation
Click to view animation.
Disruptive selection animation.
ExtinctionExtinction
Background extinctionBackground extinction
Mass extinctionMass extinction
Adaptive radiationAdaptive radiation
Mass depletionMass depletion
Human ImpactsHuman Impacts
Human Impacts on EvolutionHuman Impacts on Evolution
Artificial Selection
Genetic Engineering
Concerns about Genetic Engineering
Artificial Selection
Genetic Engineering
Concerns about Genetic Engineering
AnimationAnimation
Click to view animation.
Evolutionary tree of life animation.
AnimationAnimation
Click to view animation.
Evolutionary tree diagrams interaction.
Top Related