Eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis, the process of nuclear division, and cytokinesis, the process of cytoplasm division.
Section 2: Mitosis and Cytokinesis
KWhat I Know
WWhat I Want to Find Out
LWhat I Learned
• 5(A) Describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms.
• 4(B) Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Essential Questions• What are the events of each stage of mitosis?• What is the process of cytokinesis?
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Review• life cycle
New• prophase• sister chromatid• centromere• spindle apparatus• metaphase• anaphase• telophase
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Vocabulary
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Mitosis• During mitosis cell’s replicated genetic material separates and the
cell prepares to split into two cells.
• The key activity of mitosis is the accurate separation of the cell’s replicated DNA.
• Mitosis:
• Increases the number of cells in a multicellular organism as it grows
• Replaces damaged cells
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Stages of Mitosis (Mitosis Rap)
Prophase• Prophase is the first and longest stage of mitosis.
• Cell’s chromatin tightens/condenses into chromosomes.
• Sister chromatids are structures that contain identical copies of DNA.
• The sister chromatids are attached at the centromere.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Stages of Mitosis
Prophase• As prophase continues, spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers
form a spindle apparatus.
• The spindle apparatus attaches to each of the sister chromatids before cell division.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Stages of Mitosis
Metaphase• The second stage of mitosis is metaphase – the shortest phase.
• Sister chromatids are pulled along the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell.
• They line up in the middle of the cell.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Stages of Mitosis
Anaphase• During anaphase, the chromatids pull apart.
• The microtubules of the spindle apparatus begin to shorten.
• The sister chromatids separate.
• The chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Stages of Mitosis
Telophase• Telophase is when the chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin
to decondense.
• Two new nuclear membranes begin to form and the nucleoli reappear.
• The spindle apparatus disassembles.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Cytokinesis• After the two daughter nuclei have formed, cells undergo cytokinesis.
• In animal cells, microfilaments constrict/pinch off to form two cells.
• In plant cells, instead of pinching in half, a new structure called the cell plate forms between the two daughter nuclei.
Visualizing the Cell Cycle
Animation
FPOAdd link to animation from page 249 (figure 6) here.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Review
Essential Questions• What are the events of each stage of mitosis?• What is the process of cytokinesis?
Vocabulary
• prophase• sister chromatid• centromere
• spindle apparatus• metaphase
• anaphase• telophase
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