Cell Division The Cell Cycle: Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis.
Eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis, the process of nuclear division, and cytokinesis, the process...
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Transcript of Eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis, the process of nuclear division, and cytokinesis, the process...
Eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis, the process of nuclear division, and cytokinesis, the process of cytoplasm division.
Section 2: Mitosis and Cytokinesis
KWhat I Know
WWhat I Want to Find Out
LWhat I Learned
• 5(A) Describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms.
• 4(B) Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Essential Questions• What are the events of each stage of mitosis?• What is the process of cytokinesis?
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Review• life cycle
New• prophase• sister chromatid• centromere• spindle apparatus• metaphase• anaphase• telophase
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Vocabulary
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Mitosis• During mitosis cell’s replicated genetic material separates and the
cell prepares to split into two cells.
• The key activity of mitosis is the accurate separation of the cell’s replicated DNA.
• Mitosis:
• Increases the number of cells in a multicellular organism as it grows
• Replaces damaged cells
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Stages of Mitosis (Mitosis Rap)
Prophase• Prophase is the first and longest stage of mitosis.
• Cell’s chromatin tightens/condenses into chromosomes.
• Sister chromatids are structures that contain identical copies of DNA.
• The sister chromatids are attached at the centromere.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Stages of Mitosis
Prophase• As prophase continues, spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers
form a spindle apparatus.
• The spindle apparatus attaches to each of the sister chromatids before cell division.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Stages of Mitosis
Metaphase• The second stage of mitosis is metaphase – the shortest phase.
• Sister chromatids are pulled along the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell.
• They line up in the middle of the cell.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Stages of Mitosis
Anaphase• During anaphase, the chromatids pull apart.
• The microtubules of the spindle apparatus begin to shorten.
• The sister chromatids separate.
• The chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
The Stages of Mitosis
Telophase• Telophase is when the chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin
to decondense.
• Two new nuclear membranes begin to form and the nucleoli reappear.
• The spindle apparatus disassembles.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Cytokinesis• After the two daughter nuclei have formed, cells undergo cytokinesis.
• In animal cells, microfilaments constrict/pinch off to form two cells.
• In plant cells, instead of pinching in half, a new structure called the cell plate forms between the two daughter nuclei.
Visualizing the Cell Cycle
Animation
FPOAdd link to animation from page 249 (figure 6) here.
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Mitosis and CytokinesisCopyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Review
Essential Questions• What are the events of each stage of mitosis?• What is the process of cytokinesis?
Vocabulary
• prophase• sister chromatid• centromere
• spindle apparatus• metaphase
• anaphase• telophase