Eukaryotic Cell Structure and

Function

Animal and Plant Cells

Essential Questions

• How does a cell function?• How do materials the cell

needs get into the cell?• What are the 3 most important

organelles and what do they do?

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

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• Cell membrane – membrane that surrounds cell and separates outer from inner.

• Nucleus – internal compartment of cell that houses cell’s DNA

• Organelles – structures in a cell that carry out specific jobs for cell.

• Cytoplasm – the jelly-like fluid where the organelles “float.”

Cytoskeleton

• Cytoskeleton – network of protein filaments( microtubules) in cytoplasm.– help cell maintain shape, move,

and move organelles.– help with cell division

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Cytoskeleton

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Inside the Nucleus

• Nuclear Envelope – membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

• Chromatin – consists of DNA wrapped around proteins.

• Chromosomes – condensed string-like structure that forms from DNA just before the cell divides.

• Nucleolus – structure within the nucleus that makes ribosomes.

Inside the Nucleus

Nuclear Envelope

Chromatin

Nucleolus

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Ribosomes

• Ribosomes – made of RNA and protein. Make Proteins!

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Ribosomes

Ribosome

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Vesicle

• Small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells– Some become lysosomes

Vesicle

vesicle

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Endoplasmic reticulum – internal membrane system of the cell that moves proteins and other substances.– Rough ER – has ribosomes,

makes proteins– Smooth ER – no ribosomes,

makes lipids, and breaks down toxins

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Rough ER

Smooth ER

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Golgi Apparatus

• Golgi Apparatus – modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.– like UPS

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Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus

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Lysosomes

• Lysosomes – small organelles filled with enzymes.– Digest molecules and old cell

parts to be used by the cell

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Mitochondria

• Mitochondria – converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.– “Powerhouse of the Cell!”– Makes energy (ATP).

Has own DNA

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Mitochondria

Mitochondria

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Plant Cells – 3 features Animal cells don’t have.

Central Vacuole

• Central Vacuole – large, space; stores water and other substances such as ions, nutrients, and wastes.

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Central Vacuole

Vacuoles

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Chloroplasts

• Chloroplasts – organelles that capture light energy from sunand convert it into chemical energy. (Photosynthesis)– Found only in plants, algae, and some

bacteria.– Has own DNA.

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Chloroplasts

Chloroplast

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Cell wall

• Cell Wall - structure surrounding cell membrane that provides structure and shape. – composed of proteins, carbs,

and cellulose– protects from damage and

connects it to next cell

Cell Wall

Cell wall

Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell

Activities

• Make foldable of plant and animal cell. – Must have drawing of both

animal and plant cells.– Must be colored and labeled.– Must have venn diagram

comparing cells.– Will be graded with rubric

• Homework – Cell City Analogy