GENERAL INFORMATION There are 100 000 different species They
are extremely small Reproduction rate is extremely fast Are known
as prokaryotes with no nucleus Own kingdom with different genetic
makeup Most eubacteria are helpful to humans Kunkel, 2011
Slide 3
WHAT QUALITIES TO BE CONSIDERED EUBACTERIA Must be a
prokaryotic ( single celled organism) No membrane-bound organelles
Cells walls contain a unique compound Able to make their own energy
Reproduce asexually Genetic makeup is not found in the nucleus
Jonah, 2009
Slide 4
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Single parent reproduction Creates an
identical offspring Steps to reproduction: 1. A DNA molecule
replicates 2. Cell membrane begins to duplicate 3. It then
seperates into 2 molecules 4. Both molecules are identical Volpe,
2007
Slide 5
DIFFERENT SHAPES Eubacteria often come in different shapes They
are either spirochete or spiral Gram positive strands come in
different shapes Most are rod-shaped or cocci shaped Smith,
2010
Slide 6
INTERESTING FACTS Eubacteria secrets fluids outside the
membrane This helps them stick to structures Eubacteria enlists the
others to move Eubacteria help produce vitamins and yogurt Or can
create illnesses like strep throat Unknown, 2008
WHAT IS E COLI? Discovered in 1885 by Theodor Escherich Latches
onto its hosts intestines Found in warm-blooded mammals Breaks down
food in intestines Uses biosynthesis for Carbon Live for months or
years
Slide 10
REPRODUCTION Performs cellular division 1. Lengthens the cell
2. Replicate DNA 3. Separate the cell 4. Place components and DNA
in both cells
Slide 11
E COLI AND ITS HOST Has mutual relationship with host Helps
host, host helps it Can be used to produce insulin Affected by
other bacteria There are hundreds of strains
Slide 12
E COLI O157:H7 Most common within sick patients Can cause
severe intestinal infection can lead to death if not healed
Consuming undercooked or raw meat Healed by waiting 5 to 10
days
WHAT IS SALMONELLA? a group of bacteria called salmonellosis
microscopic bacteria that passes from feces disease occurs in
stomach and intestines causes diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps
disease which affects humans and animals about 2000 types of
salmonella identified
Slide 16
WHERE IS SALMONELLA FOUND? Found in intestinal tracts of humans
and animals Animal feces In raw food of animal origin Also in
fruits and vegetables food that came in contact with contaminated
substances Unpasteurized milk
Slide 17
HOW IS SALMONELLA SPREAD? By eating or drinking contaminated
substances Contaminated foods are often of animal origin Direct
contact with infected person or animal Person to person
contamination is more likely with poor hygiene Through eating
uncooked food (mostly meats) Animal or human feces
Slide 18
PREVENTING THE DISEASE Cooking food thoroughly Wash hands after
contact with animals Avoid foods containing raw eggs Washing fruits
and vegetables before eating Refrigerate eggs and meats at all
times Clean hands and surfaces often
Slide 19
SALMONELLA IN ANIMALS Reptiles especially prone to salmonella
Same with young birds and livestock. Signs include septicaemia,
enteritis, diarrhoea and abortion Domestic pets are also common
carriers Easily contaminates their bodies (fur or feathers)
Transmitted to people by contamination on bodies Also Transmitted
to people through feces
WHAT IS CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI? Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped
bacterium. Commonly seen as a tennis racket shape Has that shape
from sporulation inside It cannot survive in oxygen, Called :
Obligate Anaerobe Known for causing the disease tetanus
Slide 23
WHAT IS TETANUS? Tetanus is a disease marked by muscle spasms
In bad cases it causes seizures To catch tetanus is from open cuts
Clostridium travers through your nervous system There main target
is the spinal cord There are four types of tetanus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGe-I9FeIck
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGe-I9FeIck
Slide 24
FOUR TYPES OF TETANUS There is Generalized, Localized, Cephalic
and Neonatal They range from 3-21 days Generalized- Toxins
distribute among Nervous system Localized- experience muscle
tension and tightness Cephalic- affects cranial nerves, happens
through head injuries etc. Neonatal- Form of Generalized but
happens to newborn
Slide 25
WHERE ARE THEY FOUND ? Usually found in warm dark places Such
as animal feces, soil and intestines In vegetation state they are
heat sensitive Can last for years in suited area Spores can go
through dead body cells Causing them to spread toxins
Slide 26
FUN FACTS Tetanus is also known as lockjaw Affects Nerves and
skelatal muscles Can spread from an animal bite It is infectious
but not contagious Average size is 4.0-8.0 m (L) and 0.4-0.6 m
(D)
HUMAN IMPACT Streptococcus pyogenes causes the sore throat A
red throat, with white patches is more severe This is known as
strep throat Accompanied with swollen lymph nodes, fever, headache
Becomes severe if nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain begin Strep
throat can be diagnosed by a doctor Nucleus medical art, 2008
Slide 30
HABITAT Found on human skin Inside the nose, mouth and throat
Disease thrives when access to blood and tissues Spreads from
person to person in respiratory secretions Unknown, 2005
Slide 31
TRANSMISSION Direct contact with saliva/nose fluids Transmitted
through respiratory secretions Crowded areas allow easier bacteria
spread Contaminated food such as milk Sharing an infected persons
personal items Unknown, 2007
Slide 32
HOW TO TREAT STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES Antibiotics to kill the
bacteria Common antibiotics are penicillin & amoxicillin Rest
and sleep Replacing important vitamins by taking supplements
**People often dont realize they have streptococcus pyogenes
because it begins just like the common cold and flu.** Technology
education, 2007
Slide 33
SEVERITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES If you leave your
streptococcus pyogenes without treatment the following will happen:
It will spread to other tissues This may cause abscesses or
infections Untreated streptococcus pyogenes can cause heart damage
Untreated streptococcus pyogenes can cause kidney damage Both of
which could be fatal Kaulitzki, 2011
Slide 34
CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI
Slide 35
ABOUT Pronunciation: kam -peh-low-back-ter je-june ee KINGDOM:
Bacteria PHYLUM: Proteobacteria CLASS: Epsilonproteobacteria ORDER:
Campylobacterales FAMILY: Campylobacteraceae GENUS: Campylobacter (
Dr. Collette Fitzgerald 2004.)
Slide 36
WHAT IS C. JEJUNI? is curved spiral shaped bacteria causes
Campylobacteriosis Not the only bacteria that cause
Campylobacteriosis but is the most common
Slide 37
ENVIRONMENT bacteria are found naturally in the intestines of
chickens, cows, pigs, rats, wild birds but can causes food
poisoning to humans through contaminated meat or vegetable if they
come in contact with anything from intestines of the animal mention
above It is also found in the fecal matter of all the animals find
above
Slide 38
AFFECT HUMANS ON HUMANS it cause a flu called
Campylobacteriosis Campylobacter is one of the most common
bacterial causes of diarrheal illness in the United States.
Virtually all cases occur as isolated, sporadic events, not as a
part of large outbreaks with about 15 cases diagnosed each year for
each 100,000 persons ( Dr. Patricia Fields, Dr. Collette
Fitzgerald)
Slide 39
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS Most people with campylobacteriosis develop
the following symptoms two to five days after being infected
(though symptoms can appear as late as one month after infection):
diarrhea abdominal pain fever nausea vomiting
Slide 40
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS CONT. how to get sick with it, touch any of
these that been near animal feces ? raw or undercooked meat like
poultry, beef, pork and lamb raw milk and other raw dairy products
raw vegetables shellfish untreated drinking water Can last up to
around ten days most people recover without treatment
Slide 41
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Slide 42
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http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/salmonellosis/
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http://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/salmonellosis.htm
Salmonella typhimurium[Photograph]. 2011. Retrieved from
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Slide 43
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024.htm Campylobacter jejuni. (n.d.). Retrieved from Patric
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ARS_Campylobacter_jejuni.jpg