EUBACTERI A. GENERAL INFORMATION There are 100 000 different species They are extremely small ...

EUBACTERI A

GENERAL INFORMATION There are 100 000 different species They are extremely small Reproduction rate is extremely fast Are known as prokaryotes with no nucleus Own kingdom with different genetic makeup Most eubacteria are helpful to humans Kunkel, 2011

WHAT QUALITIES TO BE CONSIDERED EUBACTERIA Must be a prokaryotic ( single celled organism) No membrane-bound organelles Cells walls contain a unique compound Able to make their own energy Reproduce asexually Genetic makeup is not found in the nucleus Jonah, 2009

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Single parent reproduction Creates an identical offspring Steps to reproduction: 1. A DNA molecule replicates 2. Cell membrane begins to duplicate 3. It then seperates into 2 molecules 4. Both molecules are identical Volpe, 2007

DIFFERENT SHAPES Eubacteria often come in different shapes They are either spirochete or spiral Gram positive strands come in different shapes Most are rod-shaped or cocci shaped Smith, 2010

INTERESTING FACTS Eubacteria secrets fluids outside the membrane This helps them stick to structures Eubacteria enlists the others to move Eubacteria help produce vitamins and yogurt Or can create illnesses like strep throat Unknown, 2008

E COLI

CLASSIFICATION Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Order: Enterobacteriales Family: Enterobacteriaceae Genus: Escherichia Species: Escherichia coli (E. coli)

WHAT IS E COLI? Discovered in 1885 by Theodor Escherich Latches onto its hosts intestines Found in warm-blooded mammals Breaks down food in intestines Uses biosynthesis for Carbon Live for months or years

REPRODUCTION Performs cellular division 1. Lengthens the cell 2. Replicate DNA 3. Separate the cell 4. Place components and DNA in both cells

E COLI AND ITS HOST Has mutual relationship with host Helps host, host helps it Can be used to produce insulin Affected by other bacteria There are hundreds of strains

E COLI O157:H7 Most common within sick patients Can cause severe intestinal infection can lead to death if not healed Consuming undercooked or raw meat Healed by waiting 5 to 10 days

SALMONELL A

CLASSIFICATION Common Name: Salmonella Scientific Name: Salmonella bongori Taxonomy: Kingdom: Eubacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Order: Enterobacteriales Family: Enterobacteriaceae Genus: Salmonella Species: bongori

WHAT IS SALMONELLA? a group of bacteria called salmonellosis microscopic bacteria that passes from feces disease occurs in stomach and intestines causes diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps disease which affects humans and animals about 2000 types of salmonella identified

WHERE IS SALMONELLA FOUND? Found in intestinal tracts of humans and animals Animal feces In raw food of animal origin Also in fruits and vegetables food that came in contact with contaminated substances Unpasteurized milk

HOW IS SALMONELLA SPREAD? By eating or drinking contaminated substances Contaminated foods are often of animal origin Direct contact with infected person or animal Person to person contamination is more likely with poor hygiene Through eating uncooked food (mostly meats) Animal or human feces

PREVENTING THE DISEASE Cooking food thoroughly Wash hands after contact with animals Avoid foods containing raw eggs Washing fruits and vegetables before eating Refrigerate eggs and meats at all times Clean hands and surfaces often

SALMONELLA IN ANIMALS Reptiles especially prone to salmonella Same with young birds and livestock. Signs include septicaemia, enteritis, diarrhoea and abortion Domestic pets are also common carriers Easily contaminates their bodies (fur or feathers) Transmitted to people by contamination on bodies Also Transmitted to people through feces

CLOSTRIDIU M TETANI

CLOSTRIDIUM TETANIS TAXONOMY Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Clostridia Order:Clostridiales Family: Clostridiaceae Genus: Clostridium Species: Clostridium tetani

WHAT IS CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI? Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped bacterium. Commonly seen as a tennis racket shape Has that shape from sporulation inside It cannot survive in oxygen, Called : Obligate Anaerobe Known for causing the disease tetanus

WHAT IS TETANUS? Tetanus is a disease marked by muscle spasms In bad cases it causes seizures To catch tetanus is from open cuts Clostridium travers through your nervous system There main target is the spinal cord There are four types of tetanus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGe-I9FeIck http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGe-I9FeIck

FOUR TYPES OF TETANUS There is Generalized, Localized, Cephalic and Neonatal They range from 3-21 days Generalized- Toxins distribute among Nervous system Localized- experience muscle tension and tightness Cephalic- affects cranial nerves, happens through head injuries etc. Neonatal- Form of Generalized but happens to newborn

WHERE ARE THEY FOUND ? Usually found in warm dark places Such as animal feces, soil and intestines In vegetation state they are heat sensitive Can last for years in suited area Spores can go through dead body cells Causing them to spread toxins

FUN FACTS Tetanus is also known as lockjaw Affects Nerves and skelatal muscles Can spread from an animal bite It is infectious but not contagious Average size is 4.0-8.0 m (L) and 0.4-0.6 m (D)

STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES

CLASSIFICATION Kingdom- Eubacteria Phylum- Firmicutes Class- Bacilli Order- Lactobacillales Family- Strepococcaceae Genus- Streptococcus Species- Streptococcus pyogenes Nucleus medical art, 2007

HUMAN IMPACT Streptococcus pyogenes causes the sore throat A red throat, with white patches is more severe This is known as strep throat Accompanied with swollen lymph nodes, fever, headache Becomes severe if nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain begin Strep throat can be diagnosed by a doctor Nucleus medical art, 2008

HABITAT Found on human skin Inside the nose, mouth and throat Disease thrives when access to blood and tissues Spreads from person to person in respiratory secretions Unknown, 2005

TRANSMISSION Direct contact with saliva/nose fluids Transmitted through respiratory secretions Crowded areas allow easier bacteria spread Contaminated food such as milk Sharing an infected persons personal items Unknown, 2007

HOW TO TREAT STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES Antibiotics to kill the bacteria Common antibiotics are penicillin & amoxicillin Rest and sleep Replacing important vitamins by taking supplements **People often dont realize they have streptococcus pyogenes because it begins just like the common cold and flu.** Technology education, 2007

SEVERITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES If you leave your streptococcus pyogenes without treatment the following will happen: It will spread to other tissues This may cause abscesses or infections Untreated streptococcus pyogenes can cause heart damage Untreated streptococcus pyogenes can cause kidney damage Both of which could be fatal Kaulitzki, 2011

CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI

ABOUT Pronunciation: kam -peh-low-back-ter je-june ee KINGDOM: Bacteria PHYLUM: Proteobacteria CLASS: Epsilonproteobacteria ORDER: Campylobacterales FAMILY: Campylobacteraceae GENUS: Campylobacter ( Dr. Collette Fitzgerald 2004.)

WHAT IS C. JEJUNI? is curved spiral shaped bacteria causes Campylobacteriosis Not the only bacteria that cause Campylobacteriosis but is the most common

ENVIRONMENT bacteria are found naturally in the intestines of chickens, cows, pigs, rats, wild birds but can causes food poisoning to humans through contaminated meat or vegetable if they come in contact with anything from intestines of the animal mention above It is also found in the fecal matter of all the animals find above

AFFECT HUMANS ON HUMANS it cause a flu called Campylobacteriosis Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrheal illness in the United States. Virtually all cases occur as isolated, sporadic events, not as a part of large outbreaks with about 15 cases diagnosed each year for each 100,000 persons ( Dr. Patricia Fields, Dr. Collette Fitzgerald)

CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS Most people with campylobacteriosis develop the following symptoms two to five days after being infected (though symptoms can appear as late as one month after infection): diarrhea abdominal pain fever nausea vomiting

CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS CONT. how to get sick with it, touch any of these that been near animal feces ? raw or undercooked meat like poultry, beef, pork and lamb raw milk and other raw dairy products raw vegetables shellfish untreated drinking water Can last up to around ten days most people recover without treatment

CITATIONS Jack, H. (2013, February 07). Description of Eubacteria. March 03, 2013, from http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/eubacteria/eubacteria- description.htmhttp://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/eubacteria/eubacteria- description.htm Bergeron, K., Berrett, P., Egitto, J., & Mastriano, A. (n.d.). Clostridium tetani - MicrobeWiki. MicrobeWiki. Retrieved March 5, 2013, from http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Clostridiumhttp://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Clostridium Brown, J. The six kingdoms. March 03, 2013, from http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/six_kingdoms/index.htmhttp://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/six_kingdoms/index.htm Bio 113- Microbiology. March 03 2013, from http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol115/wyatt/micro/Micro4.htmhttp://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol115/wyatt/micro/Micro4.htm Dulson, J., Fraser, D,. Ledrew, B,. Vavitsas, A,. (2011). Biology 11. Canada: Nelson Education. Department of Pediatrics. (2012). Strep Throat. March 03, 2013, from http://pediatrics.med.nyu.edu/conditions-we- treat/conditions/strep-throathttp://pediatrics.med.nyu.edu/conditions-we- treat/conditions/strep-throat Strep throat. March 03, 2013, from http://health.williams.edu/ephnotes-newsletter/general-health-concerns/strep-throat/http://health.williams.edu/ephnotes-newsletter/general-health-concerns/strep-throat/ Streptococcus pyogenes. March 03, 2013, from http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Streptococcus_pyogenes.htmlhttp://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Streptococcus_pyogenes.html D. Payne (2004-2006). California Lutheran High School. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www.clhs- chawks.org/loc_web/eubacteria/salmonella.htmhttp://www.clhs- chawks.org/loc_web/eubacteria/salmonella.htm Food Borne Illness and Disease. (2011, May 25) Retrieved March 1, 2013, from http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Salmonella_Questions_&_Answers/index.asp http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Salmonella_Questions_&_Answers/index.asp What is Salmonella? (2012, April 5). Retrieved February 28, 2012, from http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/

CITATIONS Lawrence Gavey (2012, September 27). Salmonella. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/4790_11482.htm http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/4790_11482.htm Salmonellosis (2009, November 16). Retrieved march 1, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/salmonellosis/ http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/salmonellosis/ Salmonellosis (Salmonella) (2008, March). Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://health.utah.gov/epi/fact_sheets/salmon.htmlhttp://health.utah.gov/epi/fact_sheets/salmon.html Salmonella Infection (Salmonellosis) and Animals. (2012, August 7). Retrieved march 1, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/salmonellosis.htm http://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/salmonellosis.htm Salmonella typhimurium[Photograph]. 2011. Retrieved from http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/June11/Salmonella.htmlhttp://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/June11/Salmonella.html unrein, b. (n.d.). Clostridium tetani. BioWeb Home. Retrieved March 5, 2013, from http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/unrein http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/unrein Stearns, Tyler Clostridium tetani and Tetanus Microbe Wiki. 23/July/2011 Todar, K. (n.d.). Tetanus. Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved March 6, 2013, from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/themicrobialworld/Tetanus.html

CITATIONS Nicole Jacques and Nancy Ngo. (May 8, 2007). Micraobe Wiki. In Escherichia coli. Retrieved march 1, 2013, from http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Escherichia_coli. http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Escherichia_coli Justine Moder. (April, 2008). Escherichia coli. In Escherichia coli. Retrieved March 1, 2013, from http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/moder_just/index.htm. http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/moder_just/index.htm Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. (undefined). Ohio State University. In E Coli. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/infectious_diseases/ecoli/Pages/index.aspx. http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/infectious_diseases/ecoli/Pages/index.aspx Campylobacter jejuni. (2011, May 12). Retrieved March 4, 2013, from Heath Canada website: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/securit/ill-intox/campy-eng.php Campylobacter jejuni. (2012, April 3). Retrieved March 4, 2013, from FDA website: http://www.fda.gov/food/foodsafety/foodborneillness/foodborneillnessfoodbornepathogensnaturaltoxins/badbugbook/ucm070 024.htm Campylobacter jejuni. (n.d.). Retrieved from Patric website: http://patricbrc.org/portal/portal/ patric/Taxon?cType=taxon&cId=197 Campylobacter jejuni. (n.d.). Retrieved from Uniprot website: http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/197http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/197 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ARS_Campylobacter_jejuni.jpg

EUBACTERI A. GENERAL INFORMATION There are 100 000 different species They are extremely small ...

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