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Richard Jung, 1982, “Postural support of goal-directed movements : The preparation and
guidance of voluntary action in man” Acta Biologica Academiae Scientiarum
Hungaricae, Vol. 33, No. 2-3pp. 201−213.
1975

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Abstract
How useful is the will as a mental element in our action? Does it belong under the
category of action? It is difficult to extract only the will from the factors of arcane and
profound consciousness, which contains thoughts, wishes, decisions etc. Besides, it is
unclear what is meant by ‘will’, and furthermore, the word ‘will’ itself is ambiguous. Action
is unpredictable because it is not achieved until it is performed practically. These
viewpoints help us find answers to the above questions. This study aims to clarify that
the germ of a possibility of new self-creation is only inherent in our practical action. I
would like to consider our actions from the neurophysiology viewpoint. Richard Jung’s
and Benjamin Libet’sboth neurophysiologistsexperiments clearly demonstrate that
unconsciousness precedes consciousness in our action. I examine the reciprocal interaction
between consciousness and unconsciousness on the basis of their experimental results,
and I use the ‘mutual trackage agreement’ as a metaphor to explain it.
Key words Action, Will, Consciousness, Unconsciousness, Neurophysiology,
Richard Jung, Benjamin Libet, Mutual trackage agreement
Action, Consciousness and Unconsciousness