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Environment what it is, how is it affected, causes
and effects
M IBRAHIM BATHUSHA
Department of Civil Engineering,
PSG College of Technology,
Coimbatore 641 004,
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WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT ?WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT ?
Environment covers every objectand every living being which aroundus.
Environment includes physical,cultural economic and aestheticdimensions.
Environment interlinks with
everything existed around us. It isalso affected by every activity. Environment refers to all the living
and non-living aspects of the placeswhere organisms live.
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Environment includes water, air, land and
inter connection (or) inter relationship
which exists among and between water, air,
land and human beings other living
creatures plants, micro-organisms and
property. So environment has also been
considered the total sum of all the factors
that affect on organism.
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT
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LandWater
Air
Flora, Fauna &
Human
Resources
Natural ResourcesNatural Resources
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Land
Pollution
Water
Pollution
Air
Pollution
Effects on
Mankind &
Environment
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GLOBALENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSGLOBALENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
ACID RAIN
DESTRUCTION OF BIO-DIVERSITY
WATER POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
LAND POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
OZONE LAYER DESTRUCTION
DEFORESTATION
SOILEROSION
GLOBALWARMING
FLOOD AND DROUGHT
CULTURAL CHANGES
MARINE POLLUTION
HEALTH PROBLEMS
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ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATIONINTER RELATIONSHIP
ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATIONINTER RELATIONSHIP
ACID RAIN& AIR
POLLUTION
DESTRUCTIONOF
BIO -DIVERSITY
LANDDEGRADATION
FORESTDESTRUCTION
SOIL
EROSIO
N
OZONE
LAYERDEPLATION
OCEANPOLLUTION
SEA WATERINTRUSION
OVEREXTRACTION
OF GW
INDUSTRIES &DOMESTIC
POLLUTION
GLOBALWARMING
CATCHMENT
DEGRADATION
WATERRESOURCES
DEGRADATIONAND UNFITFOR USAGE
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Environmental management
Environmental management is not, as thephrase could suggest, the management of theenvironmentas such, but rather the
management of interaction by the modernhuman societies with, and impact upon theenvironment.. The three main issues that anenvironmental manager need to involve are
policies (networking), programs (projects),and resources (money, facilities, etc.).
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Environmental management
Environmental management involves the
management of all components of the bio-
physical environment, both living (biotic) and
non-living (abiotic).
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Environmental management
A more common philosophy and impetous
behind environmental management is the
concept of carrying capacity of environment.
Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number
of organisms a particular resource can sustain.
For example self-purification capacity of river /
natural cleansing capability of atmosphere /assimilative capacity of soil.
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Air Pollution - Definition
Air pollution may be defined as thepresence in the air (outdooratmosphere) of one or morecontaminants or combinations thereofi
n such quanti
ti
es and of suchdurations as may be or tend to beinjurious to human, animal or plantlife, or property, or whichunreasonably interferes with thecomfortable enjoyment of life orproperty or conduct of business.
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Air Pollutant
It is a substance or effect dwelling temporarily or permanently in
the air , which adversely alters the environment by interferingwith the health, the comfort, or the food chain, or byinterfering with the property values of people.
A pollutant can be solid (large or sub-molecular), liquid or gas .
It may originate from a natural or anthropogenic source (or both).
It is estimated that anthropogenic sources have changed thecomposition of global air by less than 0.01%.
However, it is widely accepted that even a small change can havea significant adverse effect on the climate, ecosystem and
species on the planet.Examples of these are acid rain, ozone in the lower atmosphere,
and photochemical smog.
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Increase in CO2 concentration
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GlobalWarming
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Global warming refers to the increase in the
average temperature of the Earth's near-
surface air and oceans.
The term "global warming" is a specific
example of the broader term climate change,
which can also refer to global cooling.
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It is the result of heat absorption by
certain gases in the atmosphere and re-radiation downward of some of that heat.
Water vapor is the most abundant
greenhouse gas, followed by carbon
dioxide and other trace gases.
Absorption and emission of infrared
radiation
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Causes
As human-caused biodiversity loss and
climate disruption.
Recent increases in atmospheric CO2.
-(from cars, buildings, power plants, airplanes)
Volcanic eruptions.
Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.
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Effects
climate change
Rising sea levels
glacier retreat
tropical diseases
economic impact
Ozone layer depletion
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Prevention
Mankind has the power to destroy the planet,
also has the power to save it.
Cut down on your carbon emissions
Waste and recycling
Home maintenance
Appliances
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At the international level, the Kyoto treaty was
written to reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gas
emissions worldwide. Thirty-five industrialized
nations have committed to reducing their output of
those gases to varying degrees. Unfortunately, the
United States, the world's primary producer of
greenhouse gases, did not sign the treaty.
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Remedial Measures
We need to develop non-fossil fuel energy sources.
Plant trees and other plants where you can.
Turn lights and other appliances off when you're not
using them.
Switch from incandescent light bulbs to fluorescent
bulbs, which use less energy and last longer
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Convention on
climate change `92
Aim to stabilize the quantity of green house gas
it recognized countries to exploit their resources
under sustainable manner
It recognized UDC to increase green house gases to
achieve development.
DC to stabilize their CO2 emission by 2000 same
as 1990 levels, then reduce significantly.
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Convention on
Climate Change `95
Climatic change have positive, negative impact
Sea level rise result in flooding in coastal
regions and small islands Great uncertainty surrounds most coastal
Sea level rise, Cyclones, storm surges and floods.
Land water closely related with climate
Health could be affected by heat, Disease
are potentially at large
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Global environment facility
Established in 1991
To help DCs to deal with environmental
concerns Provides financial for
Reduction in green house gases
Protection of ozone layer, biological diversity
Invest in green fuels
Technical and research assistance in study of pollution
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Kyoto protocol
United Nations treaty that was introduced onDecember 11th, 1997 and came in effect on
Feb 16th, 2005 with the objective of reducing
Greenhouse gases.
It stipulates quotes on reduction in gas emission 8% European union
7% U.S.A
6% Canada , japan
0% Russia and New Zealand
Allows 1% Norway, 8% Australia, 10% Ireland.
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KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION
Developed countries to reduce their combined
emission from 2008 2012 as 1990 level
Clean development mechanism Protocol adaptation fund
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Carbon Emission
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