PRESENTATION ON

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

MEANING OF GEOLOGY

GEOLOGYGreek Earth Science

The word Geology is derived from Greek words “GEO” which means “EARTH” & “LOGOS” which means

“SCIENCE”.

DEFINITION OF GEOLOGY GEOLOGY is the science that deals with the study of the Earth as

a planet. It includes essence of scientific studies dealing with the origin,

age & structure of Earth. It also deal with the evolution, modification and extinction of

various surface and sub-surface physical features like mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, basin, caves, etc.

OBJECTIVE OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

The objective of engineering geology can be understood as: It enables a civil engineer to understand engineering implications of

certain conditions related to the area of construction, which are essentially geological in nature.

It enables a geologist to understand the nature of geological information that is absolutely essential for a safe design and construction of a civil engineering project.

The principle objective of engineering geologist is the protection of life and property against damage caused by various geological conditions.

SCOPE OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

The scope of engineering geology is best studied with reference to major activities of the profession of a civil engineer which are:

Construction Water Resource Development Town and Regional Planning

Geology in Construction Job

In all types of heavy construction jobs such as buildings, towers, tanks, dams, and reservoirs, highways and bridges, traffic & hydropower tunnels, laying of pipelines for oil, gas and water, transport and so on; full geological information about the site of construction and about the natural materials of construction is of paramount importance.

Geology in Water Resource Development

Geological information is of fundamental importance in exploration and exploitation of water resources of a region from surface and sub-surface reserves of water.The water resource engineer has to understand the water-cycle in all essential details which is essential factor for effective planning and execution.

Geology in Town and Regional Planning

Whenever a construction job is undertaken, it is the town planner who should have geological knowledge so that he can take the decision regarding allocation of lands for different requirement keeping in mind that every meter of land that is taken out from the natural system for any construction activity is going to effect the system as a whole. The regional town planner is responsible for adopting an integrated approach in all such cases of allocation of land for developmental projects. Geological knowledge will come to his help in this effort in a number of ways.

AGE OF EARTH

How Old is the Earth?

1654: Archbishop James Ussher of Ireland studied the timing of biblical events described in the Old Testament, and concluded that the world was created on - October 23, 4004 B.C.E. at 9:00 AM.

Thus, the age of the earth, based on Ussher's results, would be: 4004 + 2015 = 6,019 years old.

Many calculations of this type have been done by other biblical scholars, and in general, the Earth was found to be about 6,000 years old based on these types of calculations.

Current Estimate of the Age of the Earth

Scientific methods of estimating the age of the earth are based on analysis of evidence found in rocks and on radiometric dating .

Based on these methods, scientists have concluded that the earth is much more than 6,000 years old.  

Recent estimates of the age of the earth: 4.6 billion years old

(4.6 billion = 4,600,000,000)

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