Engineering Geology

Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest

Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering Department

-Engineering Geology – sem. 3

-Soil Mechanics – sem. 5

-Foundation Engineering – sem. 6

- Special Foundation Works / Underground Works –

sem. 8

Engineering Geology

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Engineering Geology

Ştefan Ardelean, lecturer

Engineering Geology

Engineering Geology

Engineering Geology

Engineering Geology

Exam

10 5 30

(oral and written examination)

MaximumMinimum

(for pass)

Percentage in

the final mark

Mark during the semester 10 5 30

10 5 30

10 5 40

Laboratory test

Final test (to the exam)

Mark during the semester

Engineering Geology

Bibliography:

Legget H., Hatheway A., “Geology and Engineering”- third

edition, McGraw-Hill Bookedition, McGraw-Hill Book

Company,New York (1988).

Mitchell J.K., Soga K., “ Fundamentals of soil behavior ”-

third edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Hoboken, New Jersey (2005).

Theme 1. Geotechnical investigation. Geotechnical report

1.1.First steps in Engineering Geology

1.2.Geotechnical investigation1.2.Geotechnical investigation

1.3.Geotechnical report

1.1.First steps in Engineering Geology

Geology is the science of Earth.

1.1.First steps in Engineering Geology

Engineering geology is an application of the geology to

civil engineering practice.

1.1.First steps in Engineering Geology

Engineering Geology is the science that investigates

physical and mechanical characteristics of the ground on

which various construction are located.

1.1.First steps in Engineering Geology

Geological body - is a part of the lithosphere that

can be delimited by adjacent areas using different

criterions (compositional, structural, genetic, age,

complex).

1.1.First steps in Engineering Geology

Bedrock includes all rocks, pre Quaternary age,

consolidated, sometimes affected by deformation

processes (plicative and disjunctive), with superior

geomechanical properties.

1.1.First steps in Engineering Geology

Superficial Layers consists of sedimentary rocks,

unconsolidated, Quaternary age (soils), formed on

account of physical, chemical and biological alteration

processes of bedrock, with inferior geomechanical

properties.

1.1.First steps in Engineering Geology

Geotechnical structure is that part of a geological

structure which interact with engineering work.

1.1.First steps in Engineering Geology

The ground for foundation is the part near the surface

of crust in which feels load transmitted by the foundation

of a building.

1.2.Geotechnical investigation

1.2.Geotechnical investigation

1.2.Geotechnical investigation

The following factors are taken into consideration

when determining the geotechnical design requirements:

— nature and size of the structure and its elements,

including any special requirements;including any special requirements;

— conditions with regard to its surroundings

— ground conditions;

— groundwater situation;

— regional seismicity;

— influence of the environment

1.2.Geotechnical investigation

•topographical maps;

•old city maps describing the previous use of the site;

•geological maps and descriptions;

•engineering geological maps;

•hydrogeological maps and descriptions;

Preliminay informations and documents:

•hydrogeological maps and descriptions;

•geotechnical maps;

•aerial photos and previous photo interpretations;

•aero-geophysical investigations;

•previous investigations at the site and in the

surroundings;

•previous experiences from the area;

•local climatic conditions.

1.2.Geotechnical investigation

Ground investigations should consist of

-field investigations,

-laboratory testing, -laboratory testing,

-additional desk studies,

-controlling and monitoring.

1.2.Geotechnical investigationExamples of the various types of field investigations are:

•field testing (e.g. CPT, SPT, dynamic probings, WST,

pressuremeter tests, dilatometer tests, plate load tests, field

vane tests and permeability tests);

•soil and rock sampling for description of the soil or rock and

laboratory tests;laboratory tests;

•groundwater measurements to determine the groundwater

table or the pore pressure profile and their fluctuations;

•geophysical investigations (e.g. seismic profiling, ground

penetrating radar, resistivity measurements and down hole

logging);

•large scale tests, for example to determine the bearing

capacity or the behaviour directly on prototype elements,

such as anchors.

1.2.Geotechnical investigation

Ground investigations should normally be performed

in phases depending on the questions raised during

planning, design and construction of the actual project.

The following phases are treated separately:The following phases are treated separately:

•preliminary investigations for positioning and

preliminary design of the structure;

•design investigations;

•controlling and monitoring.

1.3.Geotechnical report

The romanian standard for preparation and

verification of the Geotechnical report is NP 074:2014.

The Geotechnical report is an obligatory part of the

technical project.technical project.

To establish geotechnical design requirements

three Geotechnical Categories, 1, 2 and 3, must be

taken in acount.

1.3.Geotechnical report

Geotechnical Category 1

This category only includes small and relatively

simple structures:

— for which it is possible to ensure that the— for which it is possible to ensure that the

fundamental requirements will be satisfied on the

basis of experience and qualitative geotechnical

investigations;

— with negligible risk for property and life.

1.3.Geotechnical report

Geotechnical Category 2

This category includes conventional types of

structures and foundations with no abnormal risks or

unusual or exceptionally difficult ground or loading

conditions.conditions.

Structures in Geotechnical Category 2 require

quantitative geotechnical data and analysis to ensure

that the fundamental requirements will be satisfied,

but routine procedures for field and laboratory testing

and for design and execution may be used.

1.3.Geotechnical report

Geotechnical Category 3

This category includes structures or parts of

structures which do not fall within the limits of

Geotechnical Categories 1 and 2.

Geotechnical Category 3 includes very large or

unusual structures, structures involving abnormal risks,

or unusual or exceptionally difficult ground or loading

conditions and structures in highly seismic areas.