Electricity Supply
in Alaska
Electricity Supply
in Alaska
Frank Abegg, PE
Fairbanks, Alaska
April 2006
Frank Abegg, PE
Fairbanks, Alaska
April 2006
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Utilities 1,778 MW
Industry 822 MW
Defense 181 MW
TotalTotal 2,781 MW2,781 MW
Utilities 1,778 MW
Industry 822 MW
Defense 181 MW
TotalTotal 2,781 MW2,781 MW
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1,500
2,000
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500
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Alaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating Capacity
Alaska’s Electric Capacity Utility & Non-Utility
Alaska’s Electric Capacity Utility & Non-Utility
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Installed Electric Utility Capacity (1960 - 1995)
Types of Power Generating Facilities Types of Power Generating Facilities in Alaskain Alaska
Types of Power Generating Facilities Types of Power Generating Facilities in Alaskain Alaska
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Alaska Electric Utilities MapAlaska Electric Utilities Map
Utility Power Output - 1995
(GWH/Year)
Region Hydro Oil Gas Coal Total
Southcentral 843 53 2,605 - 3,501
Southeast 614 101 - - 715
Yukon - 193 - 309 502
Arctic-NW - 106 55 - 161
Southwest 2 137 - - 139
Total 1,459 590 2,660 309 5,018
% Mix 29% 12% 53% 6%
Electric Supply Alternatives for
Industry in Alaska
• On Site Generation– Central Power Plant– Cogeneration Option (Heat and
Power)
• Electric Utility Transmission Grid
Electric Transmission Grid in Southcentral & Interior
Electric Transmission Grid in Southeast
Electric Utility Grid Connection
• Distribution Tap ( 4 MW Load) – 12 kV Line ~ $75,000 to $100,000/mile
• Transmission Tap (up to 40 MW) – 69 kV Line~ $250,000 to $300,000/mile
• Construction Time: Up to 5 years
• Permits: Right-of-Way (EA or EIS)
• Low Cost Financing ($/kWh)
•Anchorage & Fairbanks $0.11/kWh
•Juneau $0.10/kWh
•Nome $0.15/kWh
•Tok $0.23/kWh
•Ft. Yukon $0.28/kWh
•McGrath $0.36/kWh
Electric Utility Commercial Power Cost
On-Site Power Options
– Combustion Turbines
– Steam Turbines
– Alternative Energy• Wind, Hydro
– Emerging Technology• Fuel Cells, Micro-Turbines
– Diesels
2,000 kW Diesel Trailer Module
3,600 kW Diesel Generator
Diesel Power Plant
• Installation Cost = $200 to $400/kW • Operation & Maintenance • Fuel Options - Natural Gas or Fuel Oil• Fuel Use = up to 16 kWh per gallon • Heat Recovery Option• Permitting = General Permit or…
– PSD & BACT Possible (1- 2 years minimum)
• Size = 5 kW to 10,000 kW
Combustion Turbine with Cogeneration (Heat and Power)
Combustion Turbine Plant
• Installed Cost: $700 to $1,200/kW
• Operation & Maintenance
• Fuel: Natural Gas to Heavy Oil
• Fuel Use: Up to 13 kWh/gallon
• Cogeneration & Comb. Cycle Option
• Permitting: Construction & Operating– PSD & BACT Required (2 years)
• Size = 3 MW to 90 MW
Steam Turbines
Steam Turbine Plant
• Installed Cost: $1,500 to $4,000/kW
• Operation & Maintenance
• Fuel: Solid, Liquid, Gas
• Cogeneration: Up to 70% Efficient
• Permits: Construction & Operating– PSD and BACT Required (1-2 years)
• Size Range = 3 MW to 200 MW
Alternative Energy - Wind
Alternative Energy - Wind
Alternative Energy - Wind
• Installed Cost ~ $2,500/kW
• Operation & Maintenance
• Avg. Output: 25% of Rated Capacity
• Wind/Diesel Hybrid Option
• Site Wind ~ 15 mph (Average)
Cooper Lake Dam
Alternative Energy - Hydro
• Cost: $3,000 to $5,000/kW – Bradley Lake 120 MW @ $385 million– Old Harbor 500 kW @ $ 2.5 million
• Available Watershed – Mountain Lake (High Head)– River (Low Head)
• Permits: FERC Licensing
Emerging Technology - Fuel Cells
Emerging Technologies - Fuel Cells
• Commercial Size ~ Up to 250 kW• Installed Cost = $5,000/kW• Operation and Maintenance• Fuel: Natural Gas• Cogeneration: Up to 60% Efficient• Expected Operating Life ~ 50,000+ hours
Capstan 30 kW Micro Turbine
Emerging Technologies – Micro Turbines
• Commercial Size ~ Up to 30 kW• Installed Cost ~ $3,500/kW• Operation and Maintenance• Fuel: Natural Gas• Efficiency: 25%• Cogeneration: Up to 50% Efficient• Expected Operating Life ~ 12,000+ hours
Power Supply Selection Process
• Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction• Profile: Electricity and Heating Load• Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc.• Identify: Power Supply Alternatives• Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs
– Initial Investment, Cost of Capital– Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance
• Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction• Profile: Electricity and Heating Load• Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc.• Identify: Power Supply Alternatives• Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs
– Initial Investment, Cost of Capital– Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance
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