Electricity Supply in Alaska Frank Abegg, PE Fairbanks, Alaska April 2006 Frank Abegg, PE Fairbanks,...
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Transcript of Electricity Supply in Alaska Frank Abegg, PE Fairbanks, Alaska April 2006 Frank Abegg, PE Fairbanks,...
Electricity Supply
in Alaska
Electricity Supply
in Alaska
Frank Abegg, PE
Fairbanks, Alaska
April 2006
Frank Abegg, PE
Fairbanks, Alaska
April 2006
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Utilities 1,778 MW
Industry 822 MW
Defense 181 MW
TotalTotal 2,781 MW2,781 MW
Utilities 1,778 MW
Industry 822 MW
Defense 181 MW
TotalTotal 2,781 MW2,781 MW
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Alaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating Capacity
Alaska’s Electric Capacity Utility & Non-Utility
Alaska’s Electric Capacity Utility & Non-Utility
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Installed Electric Utility Capacity (1960 - 1995)
Types of Power Generating Facilities Types of Power Generating Facilities in Alaskain Alaska
Types of Power Generating Facilities Types of Power Generating Facilities in Alaskain Alaska
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Alaska Electric Utilities MapAlaska Electric Utilities Map
Utility Power Output - 1995
(GWH/Year)
Region Hydro Oil Gas Coal Total
Southcentral 843 53 2,605 - 3,501
Southeast 614 101 - - 715
Yukon - 193 - 309 502
Arctic-NW - 106 55 - 161
Southwest 2 137 - - 139
Total 1,459 590 2,660 309 5,018
% Mix 29% 12% 53% 6%
Electric Supply Alternatives for
Industry in Alaska
• On Site Generation– Central Power Plant– Cogeneration Option (Heat and
Power)
• Electric Utility Transmission Grid
Electric Transmission Grid in Southcentral & Interior
Electric Transmission Grid in Southeast
Electric Utility Grid Connection
• Distribution Tap ( 4 MW Load) – 12 kV Line ~ $75,000 to $100,000/mile
• Transmission Tap (up to 40 MW) – 69 kV Line~ $250,000 to $300,000/mile
• Construction Time: Up to 5 years
• Permits: Right-of-Way (EA or EIS)
• Low Cost Financing ($/kWh)
•Anchorage & Fairbanks $0.11/kWh
•Juneau $0.10/kWh
•Nome $0.15/kWh
•Tok $0.23/kWh
•Ft. Yukon $0.28/kWh
•McGrath $0.36/kWh
Electric Utility Commercial Power Cost
On-Site Power Options
– Combustion Turbines
– Steam Turbines
– Alternative Energy• Wind, Hydro
– Emerging Technology• Fuel Cells, Micro-Turbines
– Diesels
2,000 kW Diesel Trailer Module
3,600 kW Diesel Generator
Diesel Power Plant
• Installation Cost = $200 to $400/kW • Operation & Maintenance • Fuel Options - Natural Gas or Fuel Oil• Fuel Use = up to 16 kWh per gallon • Heat Recovery Option• Permitting = General Permit or…
– PSD & BACT Possible (1- 2 years minimum)
• Size = 5 kW to 10,000 kW
Combustion Turbine with Cogeneration (Heat and Power)
Combustion Turbine Plant
• Installed Cost: $700 to $1,200/kW
• Operation & Maintenance
• Fuel: Natural Gas to Heavy Oil
• Fuel Use: Up to 13 kWh/gallon
• Cogeneration & Comb. Cycle Option
• Permitting: Construction & Operating– PSD & BACT Required (2 years)
• Size = 3 MW to 90 MW
Steam Turbines
Steam Turbine Plant
• Installed Cost: $1,500 to $4,000/kW
• Operation & Maintenance
• Fuel: Solid, Liquid, Gas
• Cogeneration: Up to 70% Efficient
• Permits: Construction & Operating– PSD and BACT Required (1-2 years)
• Size Range = 3 MW to 200 MW
Alternative Energy - Wind
Alternative Energy - Wind
Alternative Energy - Wind
• Installed Cost ~ $2,500/kW
• Operation & Maintenance
• Avg. Output: 25% of Rated Capacity
• Wind/Diesel Hybrid Option
• Site Wind ~ 15 mph (Average)
Cooper Lake Dam
Alternative Energy - Hydro
• Cost: $3,000 to $5,000/kW – Bradley Lake 120 MW @ $385 million– Old Harbor 500 kW @ $ 2.5 million
• Available Watershed – Mountain Lake (High Head)– River (Low Head)
• Permits: FERC Licensing
Emerging Technology - Fuel Cells
Emerging Technologies - Fuel Cells
• Commercial Size ~ Up to 250 kW• Installed Cost = $5,000/kW• Operation and Maintenance• Fuel: Natural Gas• Cogeneration: Up to 60% Efficient• Expected Operating Life ~ 50,000+ hours
Capstan 30 kW Micro Turbine
Emerging Technologies – Micro Turbines
• Commercial Size ~ Up to 30 kW• Installed Cost ~ $3,500/kW• Operation and Maintenance• Fuel: Natural Gas• Efficiency: 25%• Cogeneration: Up to 50% Efficient• Expected Operating Life ~ 12,000+ hours
Power Supply Selection Process
• Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction• Profile: Electricity and Heating Load• Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc.• Identify: Power Supply Alternatives• Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs
– Initial Investment, Cost of Capital– Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance
• Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction• Profile: Electricity and Heating Load• Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc.• Identify: Power Supply Alternatives• Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs
– Initial Investment, Cost of Capital– Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance