Download - ECE1352F University of Toronto 1 60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks 60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks Analog Integrated Circuit Design ECE1352F Theodoros Chalvatzis.

ECE1352F University of Toronto 1

60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks

Analog Integrated Circuit DesignAnalog Integrated Circuit DesignECE1352FECE1352F

Theodoros ChalvatzisTheodoros Chalvatzis

November 28, 2003November 28, 2003


What is 60 GHz Radio?What is 60 GHz Radio?

Operates at mm-wave frequencies ~50-70 GHz.Operates at mm-wave frequencies ~50-70 GHz.

Band is unlicensed in US (sub-bands allocated in Band is unlicensed in US (sub-bands allocated in

Japan, Europe) [1]. Japan, Europe) [1].

Very high Bit Rates possible (> 1Gbps).Very high Bit Rates possible (> 1Gbps).

Link between fiber optical Ethernet and wireless Link between fiber optical Ethernet and wireless

radio.radio.


Why Use 60GHz Radio?Why Use 60GHz Radio? 19 GHz of unlicensed spectrum.19 GHz of unlicensed spectrum.

Less constraints on transmit power levels compared Less constraints on transmit power levels compared

to other Ultra Wideband systems. to other Ultra Wideband systems.

Attractive because conventional circuit design Attractive because conventional circuit design

techniques can be used (e.g. Heterodyne). techniques can be used (e.g. Heterodyne).

Other Ultra Wideband Radio solutions require novel Other Ultra Wideband Radio solutions require novel

design (UWB implemented at 3-10 GHz uses direct design (UWB implemented at 3-10 GHz uses direct

transmission of data). transmission of data).

Can offer very high bit rates for connecting fiber Can offer very high bit rates for connecting fiber

optical and wireless Gigabit Ethernet.optical and wireless Gigabit Ethernet.


System Block Diagram System Block Diagram

LO

LO90o

LO90o

BPF

BPFBPF

LNA

Mixer

MixerPA

Antenna

Rx/Tx Duplexer

ADC

ADC

DAC

DAC


Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)

Implemented in PHEMT process technology, other Implemented in PHEMT process technology, other solutions possible [1]. solutions possible [1].

Cascaded architecture of common source stages Cascaded architecture of common source stages

with source degeneration. with source degeneration.

Input and output matching networks critical on the Input and output matching networks critical on the

performance of the amplifier. performance of the amplifier.

Typical performance of a 60GHz [2-4] LNA:Typical performance of a 60GHz [2-4] LNA:

G > 15 dB and NF < 5 dBG > 15 dB and NF < 5 dB


Mixer/DownconverterMixer/Downconverter

Early designs used a single FET. Early designs used a single FET.

RF and LO signals applied to gate and source. RF and LO signals applied to gate and source.

IF signal taken from drain.IF signal taken from drain.

Modern designs Modern designs employemploy a transistor pair [2], [4], [5]. a transistor pair [2], [4], [5].

Each transistor is connected as a diode.Each transistor is connected as a diode.

Diode switching achieves mixing.Diode switching achieves mixing.

Typical performance of mixers [2], [4-7] at 60 GHz:Typical performance of mixers [2], [4-7] at 60 GHz:

Conversion Loss < 15 dB, BW < 19 GHz Conversion Loss < 15 dB, BW < 19 GHz


OscillatorOscillator

Oscillation frequency varies depending on fOscillation frequency varies depending on fIFIF..

Most designs use frequency multiplication to Most designs use frequency multiplication to

achieve 60 GHz range frequencies.achieve 60 GHz range frequencies.

VCO's followed by doublers [3], [8], triplers or VCO's followed by doublers [3], [8], triplers or

quadruplers [2], [5]. quadruplers [2], [5].

A circuit using doubler [3] has: A circuit using doubler [3] has:

PPoutout= 20 dBm at f= 20 dBm at foscosc= 30 GHz and= 30 GHz and

Phase Noise < -102 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset Phase Noise < -102 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset


Power Amplifier (PA)Power Amplifier (PA)

Multiple stage topologies used.Multiple stage topologies used.

Three or more stages for adequate gain [2], [5].Three or more stages for adequate gain [2], [5].

Combiners/Dividers necessary due to high output Combiners/Dividers necessary due to high output

power levels. power levels.

A three stage PA [2] achieves:A three stage PA [2] achieves:

P Poutout > 14 dBm over BW = 55 to 64 GHz > 14 dBm over BW = 55 to 64 GHz


Comparison of current systemsComparison of current systems

Components Bandwidth (GHz) Process Technology Design

LNA, PADownconverter,

Quadrupler55 – 64 [2]

LNA, VCO 50 - 60 [3]

LNA, Mixer,LO Amplifier

58 - 67 [4]

Complete Chip1 Gbit/s 59 - 64 0.125 m GaAs PHEMT [5]

Complete Chip1.25 Gbit/s

59 - 66 0.15 m AlGaAs/InGaAs HJFET [9]


ReferencesReferences[1][1] R. Brodersen: CMOS for Ultra Wideband and 60 GHz Communications. R. Brodersen: CMOS for Ultra Wideband and 60 GHz Communications.

Presented at Oakland-East Bay IEEE ComSoc Meeting, September 2003. Presented at Oakland-East Bay IEEE ComSoc Meeting, September 2003. [Online]. Available: http://www.comsoc.org/oeb/Past_Meetings.htm[Online]. Available: http://www.comsoc.org/oeb/Past_Meetings.htm

[2] [2] Y. Mimino, Y. Mimino, et al.et al.,, “A 60 GHz Millimiter-wave MMIC Chipset for Broadband “A 60 GHz Millimiter-wave MMIC Chipset for Broadband

Wireless Access System Front-End”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2002.Wireless Access System Front-End”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2002.

[3] [3] K. Nishikawa, K. Nishikawa, et al.et al., “Compact LNA and VCO 3-D MMICs Using , “Compact LNA and VCO 3-D MMICs Using

Commercial GaAs PHEMT technology for V-band Sinbgle-Chip TRX Commercial GaAs PHEMT technology for V-band Sinbgle-Chip TRX

MMIC”, IEEE MMT-S Digest, 2002.MMIC”, IEEE MMT-S Digest, 2002.

[4][4] C. Zelley, C. Zelley, et al.et al., “A 60 GHz Integrated Sub-harmonic receiver MMIC”, IEEE , “A 60 GHz Integrated Sub-harmonic receiver MMIC”, IEEE

GaAs Digest, 2000.GaAs Digest, 2000.

[5] [5] K. Fujii, K. Fujii, et al.et al., “A 60 GHz MMIC Chipset for 1-Gbit/s Wireless Links”, IEEE , “A 60 GHz MMIC Chipset for 1-Gbit/s Wireless Links”, IEEE

MTT-S Digest, 2002.MTT-S Digest, 2002.


References (cont.)References (cont.)[6] [6] J. Kim, J. Kim, et al.et al., “High-Performance V-Band Cascode HEMT Mixer and , “High-Performance V-Band Cascode HEMT Mixer and

Downconverter Module”, IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol. 51, No. 3, March 2003.Downconverter Module”, IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol. 51, No. 3, March 2003.

[7] [7] M. Chapman, M. Chapman, et al.et al., “A 60-GHz Uniplanar MMIC 4x Subharmonic Mixer”, , “A 60-GHz Uniplanar MMIC 4x Subharmonic Mixer”,

IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol. 50, No. 11, November 2002.IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol. 50, No. 11, November 2002.

[8][8] P. Kangaslahti, P. Kangaslahti, et al.et al., “Low Phase Noise Signal Generation Circuits for 60 , “Low Phase Noise Signal Generation Circuits for 60

GHz Wireless Broadband System”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2000.GHz Wireless Broadband System”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2000.

[9][9] K. Ohata, K. Ohata, et al.et al., “1.25Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60 GHz-, “1.25Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60 GHz-

band”, IEEE RFIC Symposium, 2003.band”, IEEE RFIC Symposium, 2003.