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Transcript of ECE1352F University of Toronto 1 60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks 60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks Analog...
![Page 1: ECE1352F University of Toronto 1 60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks 60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks Analog Integrated Circuit Design ECE1352F Theodoros Chalvatzis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072010/56649db95503460f94aa9231/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ECE1352F University of Toronto 1
60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks
Analog Integrated Circuit DesignAnalog Integrated Circuit DesignECE1352FECE1352F
Theodoros ChalvatzisTheodoros Chalvatzis
November 28, 2003November 28, 2003
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ECE1352F University of Toronto 2
What is 60 GHz Radio?What is 60 GHz Radio?
Operates at mm-wave frequencies ~50-70 GHz.Operates at mm-wave frequencies ~50-70 GHz.
Band is unlicensed in US (sub-bands allocated in Band is unlicensed in US (sub-bands allocated in
Japan, Europe) [1]. Japan, Europe) [1].
Very high Bit Rates possible (> 1Gbps).Very high Bit Rates possible (> 1Gbps).
Link between fiber optical Ethernet and wireless Link between fiber optical Ethernet and wireless
radio.radio.
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ECE1352F University of Toronto 3
Why Use 60GHz Radio?Why Use 60GHz Radio? 19 GHz of unlicensed spectrum.19 GHz of unlicensed spectrum.
Less constraints on transmit power levels compared Less constraints on transmit power levels compared
to other Ultra Wideband systems. to other Ultra Wideband systems.
Attractive because conventional circuit design Attractive because conventional circuit design
techniques can be used (e.g. Heterodyne). techniques can be used (e.g. Heterodyne).
Other Ultra Wideband Radio solutions require novel Other Ultra Wideband Radio solutions require novel
design (UWB implemented at 3-10 GHz uses direct design (UWB implemented at 3-10 GHz uses direct
transmission of data). transmission of data).
Can offer very high bit rates for connecting fiber Can offer very high bit rates for connecting fiber
optical and wireless Gigabit Ethernet.optical and wireless Gigabit Ethernet.
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ECE1352F University of Toronto 4
System Block Diagram System Block Diagram
LO
LO90o
LO90o
BPF
BPFBPF
LNA
Mixer
MixerPA
Antenna
Rx/Tx Duplexer
ADC
ADC
DAC
DAC
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ECE1352F University of Toronto 5
Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)
Implemented in PHEMT process technology, other Implemented in PHEMT process technology, other solutions possible [1]. solutions possible [1].
Cascaded architecture of common source stages Cascaded architecture of common source stages
with source degeneration. with source degeneration.
Input and output matching networks critical on the Input and output matching networks critical on the
performance of the amplifier. performance of the amplifier.
Typical performance of a 60GHz [2-4] LNA:Typical performance of a 60GHz [2-4] LNA:
G > 15 dB and NF < 5 dBG > 15 dB and NF < 5 dB
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Mixer/DownconverterMixer/Downconverter
Early designs used a single FET. Early designs used a single FET.
RF and LO signals applied to gate and source. RF and LO signals applied to gate and source.
IF signal taken from drain.IF signal taken from drain.
Modern designs Modern designs employemploy a transistor pair [2], [4], [5]. a transistor pair [2], [4], [5].
Each transistor is connected as a diode.Each transistor is connected as a diode.
Diode switching achieves mixing.Diode switching achieves mixing.
Typical performance of mixers [2], [4-7] at 60 GHz:Typical performance of mixers [2], [4-7] at 60 GHz:
Conversion Loss < 15 dB, BW < 19 GHz Conversion Loss < 15 dB, BW < 19 GHz
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OscillatorOscillator
Oscillation frequency varies depending on fOscillation frequency varies depending on fIFIF..
Most designs use frequency multiplication to Most designs use frequency multiplication to
achieve 60 GHz range frequencies.achieve 60 GHz range frequencies.
VCO's followed by doublers [3], [8], triplers or VCO's followed by doublers [3], [8], triplers or
quadruplers [2], [5]. quadruplers [2], [5].
A circuit using doubler [3] has: A circuit using doubler [3] has:
PPoutout= 20 dBm at f= 20 dBm at foscosc= 30 GHz and= 30 GHz and
Phase Noise < -102 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset Phase Noise < -102 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset
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ECE1352F University of Toronto 8
Power Amplifier (PA)Power Amplifier (PA)
Multiple stage topologies used.Multiple stage topologies used.
Three or more stages for adequate gain [2], [5].Three or more stages for adequate gain [2], [5].
Combiners/Dividers necessary due to high output Combiners/Dividers necessary due to high output
power levels. power levels.
A three stage PA [2] achieves:A three stage PA [2] achieves:
P Poutout > 14 dBm over BW = 55 to 64 GHz > 14 dBm over BW = 55 to 64 GHz
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Comparison of current systemsComparison of current systems
Components Bandwidth (GHz) Process Technology Design
LNA, PADownconverter,
Quadrupler55 – 64 [2]
LNA, VCO 50 - 60 [3]
LNA, Mixer,LO Amplifier
58 - 67 [4]
Complete Chip1 Gbit/s 59 - 64 0.125 m GaAs PHEMT [5]
Complete Chip1.25 Gbit/s
59 - 66 0.15 m AlGaAs/InGaAs HJFET [9]
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ReferencesReferences[1][1] R. Brodersen: CMOS for Ultra Wideband and 60 GHz Communications. R. Brodersen: CMOS for Ultra Wideband and 60 GHz Communications.
Presented at Oakland-East Bay IEEE ComSoc Meeting, September 2003. Presented at Oakland-East Bay IEEE ComSoc Meeting, September 2003. [Online]. Available: http://www.comsoc.org/oeb/Past_Meetings.htm[Online]. Available: http://www.comsoc.org/oeb/Past_Meetings.htm
[2] [2] Y. Mimino, Y. Mimino, et al.et al.,, “A 60 GHz Millimiter-wave MMIC Chipset for Broadband “A 60 GHz Millimiter-wave MMIC Chipset for Broadband
Wireless Access System Front-End”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2002.Wireless Access System Front-End”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2002.
[3] [3] K. Nishikawa, K. Nishikawa, et al.et al., “Compact LNA and VCO 3-D MMICs Using , “Compact LNA and VCO 3-D MMICs Using
Commercial GaAs PHEMT technology for V-band Sinbgle-Chip TRX Commercial GaAs PHEMT technology for V-band Sinbgle-Chip TRX
MMIC”, IEEE MMT-S Digest, 2002.MMIC”, IEEE MMT-S Digest, 2002.
[4][4] C. Zelley, C. Zelley, et al.et al., “A 60 GHz Integrated Sub-harmonic receiver MMIC”, IEEE , “A 60 GHz Integrated Sub-harmonic receiver MMIC”, IEEE
GaAs Digest, 2000.GaAs Digest, 2000.
[5] [5] K. Fujii, K. Fujii, et al.et al., “A 60 GHz MMIC Chipset for 1-Gbit/s Wireless Links”, IEEE , “A 60 GHz MMIC Chipset for 1-Gbit/s Wireless Links”, IEEE
MTT-S Digest, 2002.MTT-S Digest, 2002.
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References (cont.)References (cont.)[6] [6] J. Kim, J. Kim, et al.et al., “High-Performance V-Band Cascode HEMT Mixer and , “High-Performance V-Band Cascode HEMT Mixer and
Downconverter Module”, IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol. 51, No. 3, March 2003.Downconverter Module”, IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol. 51, No. 3, March 2003.
[7] [7] M. Chapman, M. Chapman, et al.et al., “A 60-GHz Uniplanar MMIC 4x Subharmonic Mixer”, , “A 60-GHz Uniplanar MMIC 4x Subharmonic Mixer”,
IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol. 50, No. 11, November 2002.IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol. 50, No. 11, November 2002.
[8][8] P. Kangaslahti, P. Kangaslahti, et al.et al., “Low Phase Noise Signal Generation Circuits for 60 , “Low Phase Noise Signal Generation Circuits for 60
GHz Wireless Broadband System”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2000.GHz Wireless Broadband System”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2000.
[9][9] K. Ohata, K. Ohata, et al.et al., “1.25Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60 GHz-, “1.25Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60 GHz-
band”, IEEE RFIC Symposium, 2003.band”, IEEE RFIC Symposium, 2003.