Factors contributing to damage Duration Intensity Building
Design reinforced/flexible buildings best Materials built on hard,
dense material the best Liquefaction - when loose sediments are
saturated with water, during an earthquake, shaking creates a
liquid like material not able to support structure structure
sinks
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Slide 4
Tsunamis sea waves caused by an earthquake that displaces the
ocean floor vertically water is pushed upwards and toward the land
speeds of 500-950 km/hr low waves in open water as wave nears shore
water builds upwards Tsunami warning system world wide - alerts
about danger
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Other Dangers Fires - from broken gas pipes and falling power
lines Landslides rock and soil slide downhill from shaking
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Predicting Earthquakes No predicting devices Only measurements
stress along faults, water level in wells, gas emissions from
fractures Seismic gap time between earthquakes
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The Earths Interior Knowledge of Earths interior comes from
Earthquake waves By measuring the speed of a wave - able to
determine the composition of the Earth P waves travel through
liquids and solids S waves travel only through solids
Slide 8
As P waves travel they bend as they enter new material -
bending shows change of material S waves not traveling through the
outer core also shows change in material Conclusion Earth is made
up of different states of material
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Slide 10
Layers of the Earth Crust: Thin rocky layer oceanic crust +/- 7
km thick continental crust 8km -75 km thick Mantle: Solid, rocky
shell depth of 2890 km 80% of Earths volume
Slide 11
Core: Iron and nickel center Outer Core 2260 km thick - liquid
- Earths magnetic field produced here Inner Core sphere with radius
of 1220 km - solid because of the pressure