Communication in Polar Regions
– challenges in e-navigation
Jarle Hauge
Norwegian Coastal Administration
e-navigation workshop 2013. Valparaíso, Chile
101 years ago ….
Thanks to the Antarctic Broadband Project
Topics of the presentation
Well known facts
Communication test bed, polar areas
The Norwegian Coastal Express and MS FRAM
Test bed setup & SAT solution
Voyage & focus areas
Findings & results
Non scientific conclusions
Antartica
Well know facts
Extreme weather
Extreme climate
Important and vulnerable environment
Ice
Icing
Darkness
Remote area
Reduced communication
Reduced service
Restricted navigation
Restricted rescue
Reduced oil spill response effectiveness
5 10/18/2013
Iridium
Inmarsat-4 F2 AIS
VHF Data
GNSS
GSM Maritime VSAT
Objectives of the test bed
• Perform a trial from a practical point of view.
• Tracking (a) vessel/vessels during voyage, and perform
testing on seamless and continuous communication
ship to shore and shore to ship in the Arctic region
• Detect gaps in the satellite availability
• Detect gaps in the general communication availability
(NA)
• Test communication capacity (NA)
Norwegian Coastal Express
• The Norwegian Coastal
Express (Hurtigruten) represent
a fleet of Norwegian passenger and freight liners with daily
sailings along Norway's western
and northern coast.
• The coastal steamer MS FRAM
sails the Artic and Antarctic as a
regular cruise ship.
MS FRAM
• Built in 2007. Mission - to bring her guests closer to
nature, wildlife and unforgettable experiences.
• Designed for sailing in polar waters, hold the highest
safety standards and is the perfect size for optimum
nautical maneuverability and guests' comfort.
• GT: 11647
• Length: 114
• Beam: 20.2
• Speed: 13
Test bed setup
COM
LOG
COM
QUEUE
SAT Solution
• Very small aperture terminal (VSAT)
• Typically from 56 kbit/s up to 4 Mbit/s.
• VSAT access satellite(s) in geosynchronous orbit to relay
data.
• FRAM uses:
– Ku band
– C band
– ++
• Smartbox
Voyage a
nd
focu
s a
rea
s 6th sep
25th sep
7-8th sept
9-17th sept
Fin
din
gs
Fin
din
gs
7-
8th
sept
Fin
din
gs
9-1
7th
sept
Findings, availability
Availability trend
Weather & Sea state
Date 0000-0400 0400-0800 0800-1200 1200-1600 1600-2000 2000-2400
8. sept NNE ,8m/s,h,4,999,0 N,12m/s,Ce,5,999,1 NE,17m/s,Ce,5,1003 NNW,4m/s,b,5,1000 NW,4m/s,b,4,1007,-1 NW,8m/s,b,3,1008,-2
Weather Snow/sleet Clouded/overcast Clouded/overcast Partly Clouded Partly Clouded Partly Clouded
Sea state Moderate (1.2-2.5) Rough (2.5-4.0) Rough (2.5-4.0) Rough (2.5-4.0) Moderate (1.2-2.5) Slight (0.5-1.25)
14. sept N,1m/s,b,1,994,1 N,3m/s,c,1,994,1 SW,2m/s,b,1,994,2 W,2m/s,b,1,993,3 SW,2m/s,b,1,992,3 SW,2m/s,a,1,990,2
Weather Partly Clouded Clouded/overcast Partly Clouded Partly Clouded Partly Clouded Clear
Sea state Calm/rippled (0-0.1) Calm/rippled (0-0.1) Calm/rippled (0-0.1) Calm/rippled (0-0.1) Calm/rippled (0-0.1) Calm/rippled (0-0.1)
17. sept W,3m/s,c,4,998,5 W,4m/s,c,3,1000,4 W,2m/s,c,1,1006,8 N,4m/s,b,2,1006,8 N,7m/s,c,3,1009,7 N,12m/s,c,3,1010,7
Weather Clouded/overcast Clouded/overcast Clouded/overcast Partly Clouded Clouded/overcast Clouded/overcast
Sea state Moderate (1.2-2.5) Slight (0.5-1.25) Calm/rippled (0-0.1) Smooth (0.1-0.5) Slight (0.5-1.25) Slight (0.5-1.25)
Findings, availability
Cloudy, Rough (2.5-4.0)
Part Cloudy, Rippled (0-0.1)
Cloudy, Smooth (0.1-0.5)
Preliminary Conclusions with reservations
• Lack of continuous communication in the arctic area.
• Some areas less than 50% availability* (24h)
• Less availability in the north than further south*
• Weather/Sea state, partly taken into consideration
• Terrain conditions, not taken into consideration
• System stability/antennas onboard could an issue
• More studies needs to be done (SAT constellation, antenna
installation, areas, availability, capacity etc)
*in test bed area
Antartica
• FRAM
• Canal Beagle
Thank you
Muchas gracias por su atención!
extras
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