Learning Outcomes
• For major classes of drugs:
– Identify common drug names for each classification
– Describe actions- therapeutic uses
– Describe most common or most serious adverse effects
– List special precautions
Key Terms
• Agranulocytosis • Antiproliferative • Arthralgia • Cross-sensitivity • Expectorate • Myalgia • Myelosuppression • Peripheral neuropathy • Rhinitis
Drugs for Nervous System
• Antiepileptic Agents
• Parkinsonian Agents
• Alzheimer’s Disease Agents
• Multiple Sclerosis Agents
• Drugs to Treat Headaches/Migraines
• Drugs to Treat Neuropathic Pain
• Drugs to Treat Mood Disorders
• Antidepressants
Drugs for Nervous System
• Tricyclic Antidepressants
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO-I)
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Miscellaneous Agents
• Drugs for Bipolar Disorder
• Anti-Anxiety Agents (Anxiolytics)
• Antipsychotic Agents
Drugs for Nervous System
• Sedatives & Hypnotics
• Drugs to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Cardiovascular System Drugs
• Cholesterol-lowering Agents
• HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
• Bile Acid Sequestrants
• Fibrates
• Other Lipid-lowering Agents
• High Blood Pressure Agents (Antihypertensives)
• Diuretics
• Beta-blockers
Cardiovascular System Drugs
• ACE Inhibitors (ACEs)
• Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
• Calcium Channel Blockers
• Vasodilators
• Nitrates
• Digoxin
• Antiarrhythmics
Respiratory System Drugs
• Bronchodilators
• Corticosteroids
• Other Agents for Treating Asthma
• Cough and Cold Products
Musculoskeletal System Drugs
• Osteoporosis Agents
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
• Analgesics
Gastrointestinal System Drugs
• Antacids
• Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists
• Proton Pump Inhibitors
• Anti-Nausea (Antiemetic) Agents
• Agents to Treat Inflammatory Bowel
Disease (IBD)
• Antidiarrheals
• Laxatives
Other Body Systems Drugs
• Ophthalmics
• Medications for Treating Conjunctivitis
• Medications for Treating Glaucoma
• Medications for Treating Dry Eyes
• Otics
• Topical Agents
Men’s Health Drugs
• Medications to Treat Benign Prostatic
Hypertrophy (BPH)
• Medications to Treat Erectile Dysfunction
(ED)
Antibiotics
• Macrolides
• Sulfonamides
• Tetracyclines
• Aminoglycosides
• Fluoroquinolones
• Clindamycin
• Metronidazole
• Vancomycin
• Antitubercular Drugs
Antiviral Agents
• Herpes viruses
– acyclovir (Zovirax), famciclovir (Famvir), valaciclovir (Valtrex)
• Influenza A & B
– oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
– zanamivir (Relenza)
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
– ribavirin (Virazole)
– Palivizumab (Synagis)
Antiviral Agents for HIV
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) AIDS
• Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
– zidovudine (Retrovir), emtricitabine, didanosine, lamivudine
• Protease inhibitors
– Indinavir (Crixivan)
• Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• (NNRTI)
– nevirapine (Viramune)
Antifungal Agents • Amphotericin available in multiple
formulations: • conventional
• liposomal (AmBisome)
• lipid complex (Abelcet)
• colloidal lipid dispersion (Amphotec)
• Azole antifungals – ketoconazole (Nizoral)
– fluconazole (Diflcan)
– itraconazole (Sporanox)
– posaconazole (Noxafil)
– voriconazole Vfend)
Antifungal Agents
• Echinocandins
– caspofungin (Cancidas)
– micafungin (Mycamine)
– anidulafungin (Eraxis)
Chemo Classifications
• Alkylating Agents
• Antibiotics
• Antimetabolites
• Aromatase Inhibitors
• Biologic Response Modifiers
• Heavy Metal Compounds (Platinums)
• Hormones
• Immunomodulators
Chemo Classifications
• Microtubule-targeting agents
• Mitotic Inhibitors
• Monoclonal Antibodies
• Retinoids
• Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)
• Topoisomerase Inhibitors
• Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
• Misc Agents
Vitamins
• Involved in cellular chemical reactions & essential to
– normal tissue growth
– maintenance & function
• Vitamin D-synthesized by body with sunlight
– all other essential vitamins from diet
• Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
• Fat-soluble or water- soluble
– fat-soluble vitamins : A,D,E, K
Vitamin Synonyms
• Vitamin A = Retinol
• Vitamin E = Tocopherol
• Vitamin B 1 = Thiamine
• Vitamin B 2 = Riboflavin
• Vitamin B 5 = Pantothenic Acid
• Vitamin B 6 = Pyridoxine
• Vitamin B 12 = Cyanocobalamin
• Vitamin B 3 = Niacin = Nicotinic Acid
Minerals
• Constituents of enzymes, hormones, vitamins
• Essential to
– muscle contraction
– nerve conduction
– water and acid balance
• Present in body in larger amounts
– calcium, phosphorus, potassium, chloride, magnesium, sulfur
• Trace elements
– iron, zinc, iodine, chromium, selenium, fluoride, copper, manganese
Other Dietary Supplements
• Complementary alternative medicine (CAM)
• Incorrect belief that natural=safe
• 36% of the population uses CAM
• Immune system modulators (Echinacea)
• Energy vitality CAM (ginseng, caffeine)
• Weight loss CAM (caffeine, ginseng, bitter orange)
• Women’s health CAM (calcium, soy)
• Depression CAM (St. John’s Wort)
• Bone/joint CAM (glucosamine/chondroitin)
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