Download - Dr. Helen Grogan, Teagasc Opening of INAGRO mushroom … · 2016. 12. 1. · The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority • Scientists, composters and growers working together

The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority

International Research Landscape

Dr. Helen Grogan, Teagasc

Opening of INAGRO mushroom

facilities 18th Nov 2016

The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority www.mushtv.eu

• Scientists, composters and growers

working together

• 17 partners from Ireland, United Kingdom,

Belgium, the Netherlands and Poland

EU-FP7-SME-2011-286836


Belgium

Netherlands

Ireland

Northern Ireland

England

Poland

Spain

France

Hungary

Serbia

Mushroom research activity in Europe

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiMpvfYhajQAhViFMAKHYcJAN0QjRwIBw&url=http://www.uae.lu/&psig=AFQjCNGUZLJB1xNeji2u6jEtgscgfQ5Nzw&ust=1479205880226985


Mushroom research activity around the world


Growth in world mushroom production

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Mushroom

Production

World

Population

1978 1983 1986 1990 1994 1997 2002 2008 2012 (Royse, 2014)

World production (all mushrooms)

1981: 1.3 m tonnes

2002: 12 m tonnes

2012: 27 m tonnes


World Agaricus bisporus production

(Royse, 2014; Spencer, 1985)

1939: 46,000 tonnes

1977: 0.87 million

1981: 0.94 m

2010: 4.5 m

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

China

USA

Canada

Mexico

Europe

Australia

Growth in mushroom production (,000 tonnes)

2011

1981

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

1939 1977 1981 2010


European Agaricus bisporus Production

0 100 200 300 400

Poland

The Netherlands

Spain

France

Ireland

Germany

Italy

United Kingdom

Belgium

Hungary

Bulgaria

Denmark

Austria

Other 1981

2011

2015

1981: 0.41 m tonnes

2011: 1.09 m tonnes

2015: 1.16 m tonnes

(http://www.gombaforum.hu/en/author/sztamas/)


Growth is related to developments 1800’s Europe

• year-round cultivation in caves

(Chambry)

• ‘growing rooms’ in England; basic

heating, cooling (Callow)

• ‘manure-spawn bricks’

1900’s USA

• development of pure cultures of

spawn

• American shelves, shelves, trays

Ridge beds

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiAtvr8qq3QAhUF7xQKHXnQCLAQjRwIBw&url=http://www.messynessychic.com/2014/02/25/the-last-mushroom-farms-of-the-paris-catacombs/&bvm=bv.138493631,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNEL3zJHg00zLrDsF_FRFfAVj0LR8g&ust=1479387734851442


Scientific advances

Louis Pasteur

1864

Pasteurisation

Charles Chamberland

1876

Autoclave

Robert Koch

1881

Steam disinfection


Spawn development

• Brick spawn, England (1850’s)

• Pure culture spawn using multi

spores, France/USA (1890s)

• Tissue culture spawn of ‘selected’

strains, USA (1905)

• Single spore cultures, USA (1927)

• A smooth white variant occurs in USA

(1927)

• Grain based spawns, USA (1940s)

• Hybrids U1 & U3, Netherlands (1981)

• Modern hybrid strains

Researchers:

• Constatin &

Matruchot

• Fergusson

• Dugger

• Lambert

• Sinden

• Miller

• Fritsche

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi79Nqaz63QAhUGPRQKHW7XC6cQjRwIBw&url=http://www.mycelia.be/en/mycelium-for-professionals/final-spawn&psig=AFQjCNGouK-k5Bh8pJneKw_liW-OOjpfdw&ust=1479397463947822


Compost and Pasteurisation Sinden et al at Pennsylvania State College

1900 -50 (USA)

• ‘sweating-out’ stage (60oC)

• Synthetic composts explored (UK)

• Pasteurisation and conditioning

seen as important (Lambert)

• Phase 1 & Phase 2 stages of

compost preparation identified

• Rapid increase in mushroom

production world wide (Post 2nd

Word War )

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjp5qOZ167QAhWIAcAKHSKiChMQjRwIBw&url=http://www.lindfield.org/2001/08/photographs-precious-records-of-the-past/&psig=AFQjCNFEU_ueGGu8YypG8eJa_fcqXFKRIA&ust=1479433860171140


Bulk Phase 2 & 3

1950 USA

Bulk pasteurisation (Stoller)

1971 Italy

Agrifung (Derks)

Bulk (Phase 1), Phase 2, Phase 3

1970s/80s

Dutch (CNC) convert to Bulk

Phase 2 & 3


Bulk Phase 2 & bags, blocks, trays

1979/81 Ireland

Centralised composting started; Bulk Phase 2 & plastic bags


Supported by research at Teagasc


Current state of the Irish industry 2015

Investment by composters


Investment by growers

Current state of the Irish industry 2015


Bulk Phase 2 & blocks

Poland: 1990’s – Phase 2 blocks

2016 –

Bulk Phase 3


Bulk Phase 3 expansion worldwide

Europe, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Middle East,

South Africa, Ukraine

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjLtYuiua7QAhWMKMAKHZZBBjEQjRwIBw&url=http://www.christiaensmushrooms.com/australia/meadow-mushrooms-ltd&psig=AFQjCNFzlhTJEzSNLGnzBqsiHgDw17Qg3A&ust=1479425746406188

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwir5OOL367QAhVZOMAKHfgdCh4QjRwIBw&url=http://www.parwanvalley.com.au/about-us.aspx&bvm=bv.139138859,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNGudt6qOBbg-UKHYrWSm-X-_gmcOg&ust=1479435932873520


China - 2006


China - 2015

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjiwb276a7QAhWrJsAKHWjpBHgQjRwIBw&url=http://cnqfzl.en.made-in-china.com/productimage/kSnmowIcZHVD-2f1j00meHETqPInsiy/China-Mushroom-Grow-Room-Cooling-Unit.html&psig=AFQjCNHbj9CK4MpTH6ZhSu87-6MeIA80Ig&ust=1479438701851987

http://cnqfzl.en.made-in-china.com/productimage/NSdnFfAKrgVl-2f1j00BZYEUtOPbKks/China-White-Button-Mushroom-Grow-Room.html


China - Research


Future: Innovation-driven research “..focus on a new combination of research activities and excellent

research to question existing perceptions and make the unthinkable

possible” (Holm-Nielsen, 2012 ) • More productive composts

• More strains and varieties

• Food for the future

• Health & Wellness Research

• Vitamin D, beta glucans, anti-cancer bioactives

• Animal feed

• Biodegradation of ligno-cellulosic substrates

• Novel uses (packaging, fabric, furniture!)


Thank You

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj34bXz9K7QAhWEJcAKHXWQDcMQjRwIBw&url=http://planet.infowars.com/business/global-mushroom-market-is-expected-to-reach-above-usd-59485-23-million-in-2021&bvm=bv.139138859,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNHihG7G-VqmE_mnf1SRk1BdSbresw&ust=1479441491816203

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwigkq6k8a7QAhULBMAKHTBCBYcQjRwIBw&url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2521443/Fungal-technology-provide-better-drugs-building-materials-fuel.html&psig=AFQjCNHHzZSG2agSqDvYRPO5iR-M0FQoGA&ust=1479440882134003

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwihs6ur867QAhUBAsAKHeKwA5sQjRwIBw&url=http://investinholland.com/food-for-thought/health-2012-06/Articles/Scelta-Mushroom.html&bvm=bv.139138859,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNHihG7G-VqmE_mnf1SRk1BdSbresw&ust=1479441491816203

https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiA7vvA9a7QAhUkB8AKHZFQArUQjRwIBw&url=https://www.ardkeen.com/shop/larder/ballyhoura-mountain-mushrooms-mushroom-vinegar-100ml&bvm=bv.139138859,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNEOc0i1sqHrRjCBe_cLCoj2MEEJDw&ust=1479442022933852

http://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjwr7vU967QAhWrIMAKHaDIBCcQjRwIBw&url=http://inhabitat.com/pollution-free-furniture-of-the-future-will-be-grown-from-mushrooms/&bvm=bv.139138859,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNFzJAnSXyhq9u4cpj8xHpHjkiUPgQ&ust=1479442541643735