Dr. Helen Grogan, Teagasc Opening of INAGRO mushroom … · 2016. 12. 1. · The Irish Agriculture...
Transcript of Dr. Helen Grogan, Teagasc Opening of INAGRO mushroom … · 2016. 12. 1. · The Irish Agriculture...
The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority
International Research Landscape
Dr. Helen Grogan, Teagasc
Opening of INAGRO mushroom
facilities 18th Nov 2016
The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority www.mushtv.eu
• Scientists, composters and growers
working together
• 17 partners from Ireland, United Kingdom,
Belgium, the Netherlands and Poland
EU-FP7-SME-2011-286836
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Belgium
Netherlands
Ireland
Northern Ireland
England
Poland
Spain
France
Hungary
Serbia
Mushroom research activity in Europe
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Mushroom research activity around the world
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Growth in world mushroom production
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Mushroom
Production
World
Population
1978 1983 1986 1990 1994 1997 2002 2008 2012 (Royse, 2014)
World production (all mushrooms)
1981: 1.3 m tonnes
2002: 12 m tonnes
2012: 27 m tonnes
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World Agaricus bisporus production
(Royse, 2014; Spencer, 1985)
1939: 46,000 tonnes
1977: 0.87 million
1981: 0.94 m
2010: 4.5 m
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
China
USA
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Australia
Growth in mushroom production (,000 tonnes)
2011
1981
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
1939 1977 1981 2010
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European Agaricus bisporus Production
0 100 200 300 400
Poland
The Netherlands
Spain
France
Ireland
Germany
Italy
United Kingdom
Belgium
Hungary
Bulgaria
Denmark
Austria
Other 1981
2011
2015
1981: 0.41 m tonnes
2011: 1.09 m tonnes
2015: 1.16 m tonnes
(http://www.gombaforum.hu/en/author/sztamas/)
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Growth is related to developments 1800’s Europe
• year-round cultivation in caves
(Chambry)
• ‘growing rooms’ in England; basic
heating, cooling (Callow)
• ‘manure-spawn bricks’
1900’s USA
• development of pure cultures of
spawn
• American shelves, shelves, trays
Ridge beds
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Scientific advances
Louis Pasteur
1864
Pasteurisation
Charles Chamberland
1876
Autoclave
Robert Koch
1881
Steam disinfection
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Spawn development
• Brick spawn, England (1850’s)
• Pure culture spawn using multi
spores, France/USA (1890s)
• Tissue culture spawn of ‘selected’
strains, USA (1905)
• Single spore cultures, USA (1927)
• A smooth white variant occurs in USA
(1927)
• Grain based spawns, USA (1940s)
• Hybrids U1 & U3, Netherlands (1981)
• Modern hybrid strains
Researchers:
• Constatin &
Matruchot
• Fergusson
• Dugger
• Lambert
• Sinden
• Miller
• Fritsche
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Compost and Pasteurisation Sinden et al at Pennsylvania State College
1900 -50 (USA)
• ‘sweating-out’ stage (60oC)
• Synthetic composts explored (UK)
• Pasteurisation and conditioning
seen as important (Lambert)
• Phase 1 & Phase 2 stages of
compost preparation identified
• Rapid increase in mushroom
production world wide (Post 2nd
Word War )
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Bulk Phase 2 & 3
1950 USA
Bulk pasteurisation (Stoller)
1971 Italy
Agrifung (Derks)
Bulk (Phase 1), Phase 2, Phase 3
1970s/80s
Dutch (CNC) convert to Bulk
Phase 2 & 3
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Bulk Phase 2 & bags, blocks, trays
1979/81 Ireland
Centralised composting started; Bulk Phase 2 & plastic bags
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Supported by research at Teagasc
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Current state of the Irish industry 2015
Investment by composters
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Investment by growers
Current state of the Irish industry 2015
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Bulk Phase 2 & blocks
Poland: 1990’s – Phase 2 blocks
2016 –
Bulk Phase 3
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Bulk Phase 3 expansion worldwide
Europe, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Middle East,
South Africa, Ukraine
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China - 2006
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China - 2015
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China - Research
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Future: Innovation-driven research “..focus on a new combination of research activities and excellent
research to question existing perceptions and make the unthinkable
possible” (Holm-Nielsen, 2012 ) • More productive composts
• More strains and varieties
• Food for the future
• Health & Wellness Research
• Vitamin D, beta glucans, anti-cancer bioactives
• Animal feed
• Biodegradation of ligno-cellulosic substrates
• Novel uses (packaging, fabric, furniture!)
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Thank You