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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA
INDIANAPOLIS DIVISION
DONALDSON COMPANY, INC.,
Plaintiff,
v.
ACTION FILTRATION, INC.
Defendant.
Case No. 1:15-cv-887
COMPLAINT AND DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL
Plaintiff Donaldson Company, Inc. (“Donaldson”), for its Complaint against defendant
Action Filtration, Inc. (“Action Filtration”), states and alleges as follows:
PARTIES
1. Plaintiff Donaldson is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of
business at 1400 West 94th Street, Bloomington, Minnesota 55431.
2. Defendant Action Filtration is an Indiana corporation with its principal
place of business at 221 Raymond Street, Hope, Indiana 47246.
JURISDICTION AND VENUE
3. This Court has jurisdiction over the subject matter of this Complaint
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338(a) because the claims alleged herein arise under the
Patent Laws of the United States, 35 U.S.C. § 1, et seq.
4. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Action Filtration because its
principal place of business is in the Southern District of Indiana, and because Action Filtration
transacts business and has continuous and systematic contacts in this district, maintains an
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ongoing presence within this district, has purposefully availed itself of the privileges and
benefits of the laws of the state of Indiana, and has engaged in acts causing injury to Donaldson
in this district.
5. Venue is proper in this judicial district pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b) and
(c) and § 1400(b).
PATENTS-IN-SUIT
6. On December 3, 2002, the United States Patent and Trademark Office
duly and legally issued United States Patent No. 6,488,746 (“the ’746 patent”), entitled “Air
Filter Assembly Having Non-Cylindrical Filter Elements, For Filtering Air With Particulate
Matter,” naming as inventors Kristofer G. Kosmider, Steven A. Johnson and Thomas D. Raether.
A copy of the ’746 patent is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
7. Kristofer G. Kosmider, Steven A. Johnson, and Thomas D. Raether
assigned the entire right, title, and interest in and to the ’746 patent to Donaldson. The entire
right, title, and interest in the ’746 patent is owned by Donaldson.
8. On November 30, 2004, the United States Patent and Trademark Office
duly and legally issued United States Design Patent No. D499,177 (“the ’177 patent”), entitled
“Filter Element Having Oval Shape,” naming as inventors Kristofer G. Kosmider, Steven A.
Johnson and Thomas D. Raether. A copy of the ’177 patent is attached hereto as Exhibit B.
9. Kristofer G. Kosmider, Steven A. Johnson, and Thomas D. Raether
assigned the entire right, title, and interest in and to the ’177 patent to Donaldson. The entire
right, title, and interest in the ’177 patent is owned by Donaldson.
10. On September 4, 2007, the United States Patent and Trademark Office
duly and legally issued United States Patent No. 7,264,656 (“the ’656 patent”), entitled “Air
Filter Assembly Having Non-Cylindrical Filter Elements, For Filtering Air With Particulate
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Matter,” naming as inventors Kristofer G. Kosmider, Steven A. Johnson and Thomas D. Raether.
A copy of the ’656 patent is attached hereto as Exhibit C.
11. Kristofer G. Kosmider, Steven A. Johnson, and Thomas D. Raether
assigned the entire right, title, and interest in and to the ’656 patent to Donaldson. The entire
right, title, and interest in the ’656 patent is owned by Donaldson.
COUNT I: INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’746 PATENT
12. Donaldson incorporates the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through
11 above as though fully set forth herein.
13. Action Filtration has infringed and is continuing to infringe one or more
claims of the ’746 patent by making, using, offering to sell, and/or selling replacement non-
cylindrical filter elements (e.g., Action Filtration’s oval filter DF007000-BH) for dust collection
systems, including Donaldson Torit Downflo® Oval Dust Collectors, in this district and
elsewhere in the United States in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271.
14. On information and belief, Action Filtration will continue to infringe the
’746 patent unless and until Action Filtration is enjoined by this Court.
15. Donaldson has suffered irreparable harm by Action Filtration’s
infringement of the ’746 patent and will continue to suffer irreparable harm in the future unless
and until Action Filtration is enjoined from infringing the ’746 patent.
16. Action Filtration’s acts of infringement have caused and continue to cause
monetary damage to Donaldson, and Donaldson is entitled to recover from Action Filtration the
monetary damages sustained by Donaldson and any additional remedy in an amount to be
determined at trial.
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COUNT II: INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’177 PATENT
17. Donaldson incorporates the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through
11 above as though fully set forth herein.
18. Action Filtration has infringed and is continuing to infringe one or more
claims of the ’177 patent by making, using, offering to sell, and/or selling replacement non-
cylindrical filter elements (e.g., Action Filtration’s oval filter DF007000-BH) for dust collection
systems, including Donaldson Torit Downflo® Oval Dust Collectors, that embody the design of
the ’177 patent, in this district and elsewhere in the United States in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271.
19. Action Filtration’s replacement non-cylindrical filter elements embody the
design of the ’177 patent such that an ordinary observer would be deceived into believing that
Action Filtration’s replacement non-cylindrical filter elements are the same as the design of the
’177 patent.
20. Action Filtration’s acts of infringement have caused and continue to cause
monetary damage to Donaldson, and Donaldson is entitled to recover from Action Filtration the
monetary damages sustained by Donaldson and any additional remedy in an amount to be
determined at trial.
COUNT III: INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’656 PATENT
21. Donaldson incorporates the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through
11 above as though fully set forth herein.
22. Action Filtration has infringed and is continuing to infringe one or more
claims of the ’656 patent by making, using, offering to sell, and/or selling replacement non-
cylindrical filter elements (e.g., Action Filtration’s oval filter DF007000-BH) for dust collection
systems, including Donaldson Torit Downflo® Oval Dust Collectors, in this district and
elsewhere in the United States in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271.
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23. Donaldson has suffered irreparable harm by Action Filtration’s
infringement of the ’656 patent and will continue to suffer irreparable harm in the future unless
and until Action Filtration is enjoined from infringing the ’656 patent.
24. Action Filtration’s acts of infringement have caused and continue to cause
monetary damage to Donaldson, and Donaldson is entitled to recover from Action Filtration the
monetary damages sustained by Donaldson and any additional remedy in an amount to be
determined at trial.
DEMAND FOR A JURY TRIAL
25. Pursuant to Rule 38(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Donaldson
respectfully requests a trial by jury on any and all issues on which a trial by jury is available
under applicable law.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF
WHEREFORE, Donaldson respectfully requests this Court enter judgment in its
favor and against Action Filtration, as follows:
A. To enter judgment that Action Filtration has infringed the ’746, ’177, and
’656 patents in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271;
B. To enter orders preliminarily and permanently enjoining Action Filtration,
and its respective officers, agents, servants, and employees, and all persons in active concert or
participation with any of the foregoing, who receive actual notice by personal service or
otherwise of the orders, from infringing the ’746, ’177, and ’656 patents in violation of 35
U.S.C. § 271;
C. To award Donaldson an accounting for damages and its damages in
amounts sufficient to compensate it for Action Filtration’s infringement of the ’746, ’177, and
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’656 patents, together with pre-judgment and post-judgment interest and costs, pursuant to 35
U.S.C. § 284;
D. To award Donaldson an additional remedy to the extent of Action
Filtration’s total profit derived from the sale of replacement non-cylindrical filter elements for
dust collection systems, including Donaldson Torit Downflo® Oval Dust Collectors, that
embody the design of the ’177 patent, pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 289;
E. To declare this case to be “exceptional” under 35 U.S.C. § 285 and to
award Donaldson its attorneys’ fees, expenses, and costs incurred in this action; and
F.
To award Donaldson such other and further relief as this Court deems just
and proper.
Date: June 5, 2015 Respectfully submitted,
By: /s/ R. Trevor Carter
R. Trevor Carter, #18562-49
Trenton B. Morton, #30777-49
FAEGRE BAKER DANIELS LLP 300 N. Meridian St., Suite 2700
Indianapolis, IN 46204
Ph: 317-237-0300
Fax: 317-237-1000
Attorneys for Plaintiff, Donaldson Company, Inc.
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Exhibit A
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US006488746B1
( 1 2 ) United
States
Patent ( 1 0 ) P a t e n t N o . : U S 6 , 4 8 8 , 7 4 6 B1
Kosmider
e t
a l .
( 4 5 ) Date o f P a t e n t : D e c .
3 ,
2002
( 5 4 ) AIR FILTER ASSEMBLY HAVING NON-
4 , 3 4 3 , 6 3 2
A 8 / 1 9 8 2 M a r g r a f
CYLINDRICAL
FILTER ELEMENTS, FOR 4345924 A 8 / 1 9 8 2
M a f g f a f
F I L T E R I N G
A I R WITH
P A R T I C U L A T E 2
i d c h u l e r f
, ,
argra
MATTER 4 , 4 9 6 , 3 7 7
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: 1
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( 7 3 )
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a l .
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a n y d i sc l a i m e r , t h e t e r m
o f
t h i s 5 , 5 6 2 , 7 4 6
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p a t e n t
i s e x t e n d e d
o r a d j u s t e d u n d e r 3 5 g 1 ? ; Sin“?
7
1 mg am
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byo
d a y s ‘
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B1
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K o s m i d e r
e t
a l .
( 2 1 )
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N o . :
1 0 / 1 4 5 , 2 8 8 FOREIGN
PATENT
DOCUMENTS
( 2 2 )
F i l e d ; May 3 , 2002
D E
2 6 2 5
5 7 8 A1 1 2 / 1 9 7 7
DE 27 44 037 A1
4/1979
Related
US.
Application Data GB 2 1 9 5 5 5 8
A
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o f
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0 9 / 6 0 8 , 7 7 4 ,
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3 0 , 2 0 0 0 , HOW
a t - N 9 ~
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( 5 1 )
I n t .
c 1 . 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
B 0 1 D
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( 7 4 ) A t t o r n e y , Agent
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PC
( 5 2 )
US. C l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 / 2 7 3 ; 5 5 / 4 8 4 ; 5 5 / 4 9 8 ;
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5 5 / 5 0 2 ; 5 5 / 5 2 9
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o f
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i n l e t ,
a n
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a
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? l t e r e l e m e n t
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U ' S ' PATENT DOCUMENTS
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US
6 , 4 8 8 , 7 4 6
B1
1
AIR FILTER
ASSEMBLY
HAVING NON
CYLINDRICAL FILTER ELEMENTS, FOR
FILTERING
AIR
WITH
PARTICULATE
MATTER
T h i s
a p p l i c a t i o n
i s
a
c o n t i n u a t i o n o f
a p p l i c a t i o n
S e r .
N o .
0 9 / 6 0 8 , 7 7 4 , ? l e d
J u n . 3 0 ,
2 0 0 0 ,
US.
P a t . N o . 6 , 3 8 7 , 1 6 2 .
A p p l i c a t i o n
S e r .
N o . 0 9 / 6 0 8 , 7 7 4 i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f e r
ence h e r e i n .
FIELD OF THE
DISCLOSURE
The p r e s e n t
d i s c l o s u r e i s
r e l a t e d t o a i r ? l t e r i n g
s y s t e m s
h a v i n g n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s , a n d m e t h o d s
o f u s i n g
s y st e m s e q u i p p e d W i t h n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s .
BACKGROUND
OF
THE DISCLOSURE
M any i n d u s t r i e s o f t e n e n c o u n t e r p a r t i c u l a t e
m a t t e r
s u s
p e n d e d i n t h e a t m o s p h e r e .
I n
some
i n d u s t r i e s , t h i s p a r t i c u
l a t e
m a t t e r
i s a
v a l u a b l e
p r o d u c t , f o r e x a m p l e , s t a r c h ;
i t
Would b e b e n e ? c i a l i f
t h e s e
s u s p e n d e d p a r t i c u l a t e c o u l d b e
r e c o v e r e d and
r e i n t r o d u c e d
i n t o t h e p r o c e s s .
F o r
o t h e r
i n d u s t r i e s ,
s u c h
a s
m e t a l
o r Wood W o r k i n g ,
t h e p a r t i c u l a t e
m a t t e r may b e s i m p l y d u s t ; i t
i s
d e s i r a b l e
t o remove d u s t
p a r t i c l e s f r o m t h e
a i r
i n o r d e r t o p r o v i d e a c l e a r W o r k i n g
e n v i r o n m e n t .
Systems f o r c l e a n i n g
a n
a i r o r o t h e r
g a s s t r e a m
l a d e n
W i t h
p a r t i c u l a t e m a t t e r
i n c l u d e
a i r ? l t e r a s s e m b l i e s t h a t h a v e ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s d i s p o s e d i n
a
h o u s i n g . The ? l t e r e l e m e n t may b e
a
bag o r sock o f
a
s u i t a b l e f a b r i c o r p l e a t e d
p a p e r . The
g a s
s t r e a m , c o n t a m i n a t e d
W i t h
p a r t i c u l a t e , t y p i c a l l y i s p a s s e d
t h r o u g h
t h e
h o u s i n g
s o t h a t t h e p a r t i cu l a t e a r e c a p t u r e d
a n d
r e t a i n e d b y t h e ? l t e r e l e m e n t . C l e a n i n g
i s
a c c o m p l i s h e d b y
p e r i o d i c a l l y
p u l s i n g
a b r i e f
j e t
o f p r e s s u r i Z e d
a i r
i n t o t h e
i n t e r i o r o f
t h e
? l t e r e l e m e n t
t o r e v e r s e t h e a i r ? o W
t h r o u g h
t h e
? l t e r
e l e m e n t , c a u s i n g t h e
c o l l e c t e d
c o n t a m i n a n t s t o b e
c o l l e c t e d . Such a i r
? l t e r assemblies a r e
d i s c l o s e d i n ,
f o r
e x a m p l e ,
US.
P a t . N o . 4 , 2 1 8 , 2 2 7 ( F r e y ) a n d
US.
P a t . N o .
4 , 3 9 5 , 2 6 9 ( S c h u l e r ) , W h i c h p a t e n t s a r e h e r e b y i n c o r p o r a t e d
b y
r e f e r e n c e .
C y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r e l e m e n t s
a r e
u s u a l l y
u s e d i n
a n
a i r
? l t e r
assembly t o p r o c e s s
d u s t
p a r t i c l e s from
a n
a i r s t r e a m . I n a
s t a n d a r d d e s i g n o f a i r ? l t e r a s s e m b l y , a n a i r ? l t e r a s s e m b l y
h a s
a
c l e a n a i r chamber
and a
d i r t y a i r c h a m b e r . The tWo
c h a m b e r s
a r e
s e p a r a t e d
by
s h e e t m e t a l , commonly r e f e r r e d
t o a s a
t u b e s h e e t .
The
t u b e
s h e e t
h a s
a number
o f openings
f r o m
W h i c h
c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r s a r e
a l i g n e d .
The l t e r s s u s p e n d
doWnWardly
W i t h
o r
W i t h o u t
a n a n g l e
from
t h e
t u b e s h e e t
o p e n i n g s i n t o
t h e
d i r t y
a i r c h a m b e r . P a r t i c u l a t e - l a d e n a i r i s
i n t r o d u c e d
i n t o
t h e d i r t y a i r c h a m b e r , a n d t h e p a r t i c u l a t e s
c o l l e c t
o n t o
t h e ? l t e r . The ? l t e r e d a i r p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h e
? l t e r s t o t h e i n t e r i o r o f t h e ? l t e r s ,
a n d
u p W a r d l y o u t
t h r o u g h
t h e
o p e n i n g s i n
t h e t u b e s h e e t i n t o t h e c l e a n a i r c h a m b e r .
From
t h e
c l e a n
a i r
c h a m b e r ,
t h e
c l e a n e d
a i r i s e x h a u s t e d
i n t o
t h e
e n v i r o n m e n t ,
o r
r e c i r c u l a t e d f o r
o t h e r
u s e s . For e x a m p l e ,
US.
P a t . N o s . 4 , 4 2 4 , 0 7 0 ( R o bi n s o n ) ,
US
a t . N o .
4 , 4 3 6 ,
5 3 6 ( R o b i n s o n ) ,
US
a t .
N o .
4 , 4 4 3 , 2 3 7 ( U l v e s t a d ) ,
US
a t .
N o .
4 , 4 4 5 , 9 1 5
( R o b i n s o n ) , US a t . N o .
5 , 2 0 7 , 8 1 2
( T r o n t o
e t
a l . ) ,
US
a t .
N o . 4 , 9 5 4 , 2 5 5
( M u l l e r
e t
a l . ) ,
US
a t .
N o .
5 , 2 2 2 , 4 8 8
( F o r s g r e n ) ,
a n d US a t . N o . 5 , 2 1 1 , 8 4 6 ( K o t t
e t
a l . )
a r e p r i o r
a r t
e x a m p l e s o f p r i o r
a r t
c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s o f
t h e
p l e a t e d
c a r t r i d g e t y p e .
N o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s
a r e sometimes used
t o
p r o c e s s
d u s t , p a r t i c l e s f r o m
a n a i r s t r e a m a n d p r o v i d e
10
1 5
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
2
h a v i n g a
u n i t a r y s t r u c t u r e
W i t h
p l e a t e d
? l t e r
m e d i a
f o r m e d
s e c u r e l y a b o u t a p e r f o r a t e d i n t e r i o r
c o r e
i n a d u s t c o l l e c t o r .
US. P a t .
N o .
4 , 6 6 1 , 1 3 1
( H o W e t h )
d i s c l o s e s n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r s
h a v i n g
a
g r e a t e r c l e a n a i r ? o W a r e a t h a n
a p l u r a l i t y o f
c y l i n d r i c a l
e l e m e n t s
? t t e d
W i t h i n
t h e same
d i m e n s i o n a l
e n v e l o p e .
I n
o n e
c o n v e n t i o n a l d e s i g n o f
a i r ? l t e r a s s e m b l y W i t h
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e m e n t s , n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e
m e n t s s i m p l y r e p l a c e s
c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s . W i t h
l e s s
s p a c e
b e t W e e n
a d j a c e n t
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s , more
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r e l e m e n t s a r e p l a c e d
W i t h i n
a
h o u s i n g
t h a n c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r e l e m e n t s .
US.
a t .
N o . 5 , 7 3 0 , 7 6 6 ( C l e m e n t s ) d i s c l o s e s
t h i s t y p e o f u s e o f n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e m e n t s .
I n a n o t h e r
c o n v e n t i o n a l d e s i g n o f
a i r ? l t e r a s s e m b l y W i t h
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s , a p l u r a l i t y o f
c y l i n d r i c a l
e l e m e n t s
a r e
r e p l a c e d b y
a
s i n g l e
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r
e l e m e n t . US. P a t . N o . 4 , 6 6 1 , 1 3 1 ( H o W e t h ) d i s c l o s e s t h i s
t y p e
o f
u s e
o f
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e m e n t s .
U n f o r t u n a t e l y , e a c h o f t h e s e c o n v e n t i o n a l de s i g n s W h i c h
u t i l i Z e n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e m e n t s
h a s
i t s d i s a d v a n t a g e s
a n d
d r a w b a c k s .
SUMMARY
OF THE
DISCLOSURE
The c o n s t r u c t i o n
a n d
a r r a n g e m e n t o f
t h e
d i s c l o s e d
a i r
? l t e r a s s e m b l y h e l p s t o o v e r c o m e t h e p r o b l e m s o f t h e p r i o r
a r t .
I n
p a r t i c u l a r , i n o n e embodiment, t h e s t r u c t u r e a n d
a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e a s s e m b l y o f t h e p r e s e n t d i s c l o s u r e
e n a b l e s
t h e
p r o c e s s i n g o f 2 5
more
d u s t l a d e n air?oW
c o m p a r e d
t o c o n v e n t i o n a l
s y s t e m s .
I n p r e f e r r e d s y s t e m s ,
t h e
a s s e m b l y
o f t h e
p r e s e n t
d i s c l o s u r e r e s u l t s i n a d u s t l a d e n
air?oW i n c r e a s e
g r e a t e r t h a n
2 5 W i t h o u t
a n
i n c r e a s e i n
t h e
g e o m e t r i c s i Z e o f
t h e
? l t e r
h o u s i n g
a p p a r a t u s
o r t h e number
o f
? l t e r
c a r t r i d g e s r e q u i r e d .
T h e
p r e s e n t
d e s i g n p r o v i d e s
t h i s
2 5 v o l u m e i n c r e a s e , p r e f e r a b l y
g r e a t e r
t h a n 2 5 n c r e a s e ,
by m a i n t a i n i n g t h e
amount
o f ? l t r a t i o n m e d i a
a v a i l a b l e
f o r
? l t e r i n g t h e
d i r t y
a i r
r a t h e r t h a n i n c r e a s i n g t h e a m o u n t o f
? l t r a t i o n
m e d i a . I n a n o t h e r e m b o d i m e n t ,
t h e
a s s e m b l y o f t h e
p r e s e n t
d i s c l o s u r e
r e s u l t s
i n
a n air?oW
i n c r e a s e g r e a t e r
t h a n
2 5
by d e c r e a s i n g
t h e amount o f
? l t r a t i o n
m e d i a
a v a i l a b l e .
A l s o , t h e s t r u c t u r e a n d a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e
a i r
? l t e r
a s s e m b l y
p r o v i d e s m o r e e f f i c i e n t ? l t e r
r e t e n t i o n / s e a l i n g ,
? l t e r h o u s i n g
a p p a r a t u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g , a n d ? l t e r
h a n d l i n g .
I n
one a s p e c t , t h e
d i s c l o s u r e
d e s c r i b e s an a i r
? l t e r
assem
b l y
a d a p t e d
f o r r e m o v i n g
p a r t i c u l a t e
m a t t e r f r o m a h i g h
volume
a i r
s t r e a m .
The a i r ? l t e r a s s e m b l y o f t h e p r e s e n t
d i s c l o s u r e , u t i l i Z i n g n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e m e n t s , i s
c a p a b l e o f h a n d l i n g
2 5
more
a i r
t h a n
a
c o n v e n t i o n a l
a i r
? l t e r a s s e m b l y u t i l i Z i n g c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e m e n t s h a v i n g t h e
same
amount, o r
l e s s ,
s u r f a c e a r e a a v a i l a b l e f o r
? l t r a t i o n .
I n
p a r t i c u l a r ,
a n
a i r
? l t e r a s s e m b l y
o f t h e p r e s e n t d i s c l o s u r e
c o m p r i s e s a h o u s i n g
i n c l u d i n g
a n
a i r i n l e t , a n a i r o u t l e t ,
a n d
a s p a c e r W a l l s e p a r a t i n g t h e h o u s i n g i n t o a ? l t e r i n g chamber
a n d
a c l e a n
a i r
c h a m b e r ,
t h e
s p a c e r W a l l i n c l u d i n g a
? r s t a i r
? o W
a p e r t u r e
t h e r e i n . The a i r
i n l e t
p r o v i d e s a
d i r t y
a i r
volume t o t h e a i r
? l t e r
a s s e m b l y , W h e r e t h e
d i r t y
a i r volume
h a s
a n a i r
? o W d i r e c t i o n . The
a i r ? l t e r
a s s e m b l y
f u r t h e r
i n c l u d e s
a
? r s t
? l t e r
c o n s t r u c t i o n p o s i t i o n e d i n a i r ? o W
communication W i t h t h e ? r s t a i r
? o W
a p e r t u r e i n t h e s p a c e r
W a l l ; t h e ? r st ? l t e r
c o n s t r u c t i o n
i n c l u d i n g a n
e x t e n s i o n o f
? l t e r
m e d i a
d i s p o s e d b e t W e e n p r o x im a l e n d c a p a n d d i s t a l
e n d
c a p .
The
? l t e r
m e d i a , p r o x i m a l a n d
d i s t a l
e n d
c a p s
de?nes a ? l t e r
c o n s t r u c t i o n
i n n e r
c l e a n
a i r
c h a m b e r .
The
? r s t
? l t e r c o n s t r u c t i o n : i s o r i e n t e d
W i t h i n
t h e ? l t e r i n n e r c l e a n a i r
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17/52
US
6 , 4 8 8 , 7 4 6
B1
3
h a v i n g
a l o n g
a x i s p e r p e n d i c u l a r
t o a s h o r t
a x i s ;
a n d
h a s
a
W i d t h
a l o n g
t h e
l o n g a x i s a n d
a
W i d t h
a l o n g
t h e
s h o r t a x i s ,
t h e l o n g a x i s
W i d t h
b e i n g g r e a t e r t h a n t h e s h o r t a x i s W i d t h
a n d t h e l o n g a x i s p o s i t i o n e d p a r a l l e l t o t h e a i r ? o W i r e c t i o n .
I n a n o t h e r a s p e c t
o r embodiment,
a n a i r ? l t e r a s s e m b l y
i s
p r o v i d e d
t h a t
c o m p r i s e s
a
h o u s i n g
i n c l u d i n g
a n
a i r i n l e t ,
a n
a i r
o u t l e t , a s p a c e r W a l l s e p a r a t i n g
s a i d
h o u s i n g i n t o a
? l t e r i n g chamber and a c l e a n a i r chamber and
i n c l u d i n g
a
? r s t a i r ? o W
a p e r t u r e
t h e r e i n . The a i r i n l e t p r o v i d e s a d i r t y
a i r volume t o t h e a i r
? l t e r
a s s e m b l y , t h e
d i r t y
a i r volume
h a v i n g a n
a i r ? o W d i r e c t i o n a n d
a n
a i r s p e e d . The a i r
? l t e r
a s s e m b l y f u r t h e r i n c l u d e s a ? r s t
? l t e r c o n s t r u c t i o n : p o s i
t i o n e d i n a i r ? o W communication W i t h t h e ? r s t a i r ? o W
a p e r t u r e
i n t h e
s p a c e r W a l l ; i n c l u d i n g
a n
e x t e n s i o n
o f ? l t e r
media d e ? n i n g a ? l t e r
c o n s t r u c t i o n i n n e r
c l e a n a i r c h a m b e r ;
h a v i n g a c r o s s - s e c t i o n a l
a r e a , When
t a k e n p a r a l l e l t o t h e ? r s t
a i r
? o W a p e r t u r e ,
t h e
c r o s s - s e c t i o n a l a r e a h a v i n g a l o n g a x i s
p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o a s h o r t
a x i s ;
h a v i n g a W i d t h a l o n g
t h e
l o n g
a x i s
a n d a W i d t h a l o n g t h e
s h o r t a x i s ,
t h e
l o n g a x i s
W i d t h
b e i n g
g r e a t e r
t h a n
t h e s h o r t a x i s W i d t h a n d t h e l o n g a x i s
p o s i t i o n e d
p a r a l l e l
t o
t h e
a i r
? o W
d i r e c t i o n ;
a n d
f u r t h e r
h a v i n g
a ? r s t s u r f a c e a r e a de?ned by t h e
e x t e n s i o n o f ? l t e r
m e d i a . T h e v o l u m e o f d i r t y a i r p r o c e s s a b l e
b y
t h i s a i r ? l t e r
a s s e m b l y
i s
a t l e a s t 1 0 p e r c e n t g r e a t e r , p r e f e r a b l y 2 0 p e r c e n t
g r e a t e r ,
a n d
m o s t p r e f e r a b l y
a t
l e a s t
2 5
p e r c e n t g r e a t e r t h a n
a volume o f d i r t y
a i r
p r o c e s s a b l e b y a n
a i r
? l t e r
a s s e m b l y
d i f f e r i n g f r o m t h e c l a i m e d a s s e m b l y
o n l y
b y t h e s h a p e
o f
t h e
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s .
I n
a n o t h e r
e m b o d i m e n t , t h e s t r u c t u r e a n d
a r r a n g e m e n t o f
t h e a s s e m b l y
o f
t h e p r e s e n t d i s c l o s u r e r e s u l t s
i n a n
a i r
s p e e d
t h a t i s a t
l e a s t
1 0 p e r c e n t ,
p r e f e r a b l y
20 p e r c e n t , a n d
most
p r e f e r a b l y
a t
l e a s t
2 5 p e r c e n t l e s s t h a n t h e a i r s p e e d
o f
a
s i m i l a r
volume o f
a i r
b e i n g ? l t e r e d by a n
a i r
? l t e r
a s s e m b l y
d i f f e r i n g f r o m t h e c l a i m s
a s s e m b l y o n l y
b y t h e s h a p e o f t h e
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s .
S u c h a n a i r ? l t e r
a s s e m b l y
p r o v i d e s f o r l o n g e r ? l t e r l i f e
a n d
i n c r e a s e s t h e
c a p a c i t y f o r p a r t i c u l a t e
r e m o v a l f r o m t h e
i n c o m i n g d i r t y a i r
s t r e a m ,
t h u s d e c r e a s i n g t h e n e e d
t o
c h a n g e u s e d ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s .
I n
a n o t h e r a s p e c t , s u c h a n
a i r
? l t e r a s s e m b l y p r o v i d e s
g r e a t e r
c a p a c i t y ,
b o t h f o r
t h e a i r ? o W c a p a c i t y a n d t h e
a m o u n t
o f
p a r t i c u l a t e removed f r o m t h e d i r t y a i r
s t r e a m ,
W i t h o u t d e c r e a s i n g ? l t e r l i f e . T h i s d e c r e a s e s t h e
t o t a l
amount
o f ? l t e r s n e e d e d a t e a c h r e p l a c e m e n t
c y c l e
a n d
o v e r
t h e
l i f e
o f
t h e o p e r a t i o n .
Amethod
o f
? l t e r i n g
o r
c l e a n i n g
d i r t y
a i r t o
p r o v i d e
c l e a n
a i r i s a l s o
d i s c l o s e d .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
OF THE DRAWINGS
F I G .
1 i s a p e r s p e c t i v e
vieW
o f
o n e t y p e o f o p e r a t i o n a l
i n s t a l l a t i o n
o f
a n
a i r ? l t r a t i o n
s y s t e m h a v i n g
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r e l e m e n t s a c c o r d i n g
t o
t h e p r e s e n t d i s c l o s u r e ;
F I G .
2 i s
a s i de e l e v a t i o n a l
v i e W ,
p a r t i a l l y b r o k e n a W a y ,
o f
one embodiment
o f
t h e
a i r ? l t r a t i o n system o f
F I G . 1
u t i l i Z i n g
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
e l e m e n t s a c c o r d i n g t o
t h e p r e s e n t
d i s c l o s u r e ;
F I G . 3 i s a
f r o n t e l e v a t i o n vieW
o f
t h e a i r ? l t r a t i o n
system
d e p i c t e d i n
F I G . 2 ;
F I G . 4 i s a p e r s p e c t i v e vieW
o f
a p o r t i o n
o f
a mounting
a r r a n g e m e n t u t i l i Z e d
i n t h e a i r
? l t r a t i o n
s y s t e m o f
F I G S .
1 — 3 ;
FIG.
5A
s
a
t o p
vieW
o f
a
p o r t i o n o f
an
a i r
? l t r a t i o n
system shoWing one embodiment
o f
a
s i d e
p a n e l f o r u s e i n
t h e
a i r
? l t r a t i o n s y s t e m o f
t h e
p r e s e n t d i s c l o s u r e ;
1 5
25
35
45
55
4
FIG. 6 i s a s i d e p e r s p e c t i v e vieW
o f a n
embodiment
o f
a
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l e l e m e n t u t i l i Z e d i n t h e a i r ? l t r a t i o n s y s t e m o f
t h e p r e s e n t d i s c l o s u r e ;
F I G .
7 i s
a n e n l a r g e d e n d
vieW
o f
t h e
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r
e l e m e n t shoWn i n F I G . 6 ;
FIG. 8
i s
an end
vieW
o f
a
roW
o f
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s mounted i n
a n
a i r ? l t r a t i o n s y s t e m a c c o r d i n g t o t h e
p r e s e n t d i s c l o s u r e ; a n d
FIG. 9 i s
a n
end
vieW o f
a
roW o f c o n v e n t i o n a l c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r e l e m e n t s
mounted
i n
a c o n v e n t i o n a l
a i r
? l t r a t i o n
s y s t e m .
DETAILED
DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
R e f e r r i n g
t o F I G . 1 , a n
a i r
? l t r a t i o n s y s t e m o r
a s s e m b l y
i s
d e p i c t e d g e n e r a l l y a t 1 0 . T h e s y s t e m 1 0 d e p i c t e d i s
shoWn
W i t h
t h r e e u n i t s
o r m o d u l e s c o n ? g u r e d t o g e t h e r
i n
s i d e - b y
s i d e a r r a n g e m e n t .
T h is a r r a n g e m e n t c a n
b e ,
f o r e x a m p l e ,
o f
a s i Z e t h a t ? t s i n t o a 2 meter
by 3
meter
by 3
meter
s p a c e
( a p p r o x i m a t e l y
6
f e e t
b y 1 0
f e e t b y 1 0
f e e t ) .
Each module
i n F I G . 1 i s g e n e r a l l y i n
t h e
s h a p e o f a box
a n d i n c l u d e s a n u p p e r W a l l p a n e l 1 6 , a n d
t W o
p a i r s o f
o p p o s i t e s i d e W a l l p a n e l s
1 7 . A r o n t
a c c e s s d o o r
1 3 a n d a
s e c o n d a r y a c c e s s d o o r 14
p e r m i t
a c c e s s
t o t h e
i n t e r i o r o f
e a c h
m o d u l e
f o r
p u r p o s e s o f ,
f o r e x a m p l e ,
m a i n t e n a n c e .
Each
module
f u r t h e r i n c l u d e s
a
c o n d u i t 1 1
f o r
r e c e i v i n g
d i r t y
o r
c o n t a m i n a t e d a i r ( i . e . , a i r W i t h
p a r t i c u l a t e
m a t t e r
t h e r e i n )
i n t o
t h e
? l t e r a s s e m b l y . A i k e c o n d u i t 1 2
i s p r o
v i d e d f o r
v e n t i n g
c l e a n
o r ? l t e r e d
a i r f r o m
t h e ? l t e r
a s s e m b l y
1 0 .
Also shoWn i n
F I G .
1
i s a motor and c h a i n d r i v e assembly
1 1 8 o f s t a n d a r d c o n s t r u c t i o n f o r o p e r a t i o n o f a n a u g e r screW
i n
t h e
b a s e
p o r t i o n
o f
t h e
a s s e m b l y .
The
a u g e r
i s
u s e d
t o
remove c o l l e c t e d
p a r t i c u l a t e from t h e i n t e r i o r o f t h e a i r
? l t r a t i o n
a s s e m b l y ,
a s W i l l b e
d i s c u s s e d
i n d e t a i l l a t e r .
R e f e r r i n g
noW
o F I G . 2 , t h e p r e s e n t d i s cl o s u r e
i s
shoWn
i n s i d e e l e v a t i o n W i t h o n e s i d e W a l l p a n e l 1 7 b e i n g b r o k e n
aWay t o f a c i l i t a t e d e s c r i p t i o n
o f t h e
a a r r a n g e m e n t
o f
t h e
v a r i o u s e l e m e n t s o f t h e a s s e m b l y . I n
t h i s
e m b o d i m e n t , t h e
upper W a l l p a n e l 16 h a s a n
i n n e r
W a l l s u r f a c e 1 6 ‘ W i t h a n a i r
i n l e t 20 o s i t i o n e d
i n t h e u p p e r W a l l p a n e l 1 6
s o
t h a t e n t e r i n g
d u s t - l a d e n
a i r o r o t h e r
contaminated
g a s
i s
i n t r o d u c e d
i n
a
doWnWardly d i r e c t i o n ( r e f e r r e d t o
a s
a i r
? o W
d i r e c t i o n
1 0 1 )
i n t o
a
d i r t y
a i r
chamber
2 2 .
A y p i c a l volume o f i n c o m i n g
d i r t y
a i r i s a b o u t 500
c u b i c f e e t p e r
m i n u t e ( c f m ) f o r
o n e
c o n v e n t i o n a l c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e m e n t ; i n
a c c o r d a n c e W i t h
t h e
p r e s e n t
d i s c l o s u r e ,
a t y p i c a l
v o l u m e
o f
i n c o m i n g
d i r t y
a i r
may b e a t l e a s t
a b o u t
550
c f m , p r e f e r a b l y
a t l e a s t
a b o u t
600
c f m , and more p r e f e r a b l y a t l e a s t a b o u t 625 c f m .
I n many
i n d u s t r i e s Where a i r
? l t e r a s s e m b l i e s
o f
t h i s
t y p e a r e
i n s t a l l e d , t h e
amount
o f d u s t
o r
o t h e r p a r t i c u l a t e c o n t a m i
n a n t i n
t h e
d i r t y a i r s t r e a m i s a b o u t o n e
g r a i n
( 0 . 0 6 4 8 g r a m )
o f
p a r t i c u l a t e p e r e a c h c u b i c
f o o t
o f
a i r . F i l t e r e d o r “ c l e a n
a i r ”
t y p i c a l l y
h a s l e s s t h a n
0 . 0 0 1 g r a i n p a r t i c u l a t e p e r e a c h
c u b i c f o o t o f
a i r .
The t o p
i n l e t 20
a l l o W s
t h e a s s e m b l y t o
u t i l i Z e t h e f o r c e s
o f
g r a v i t y
i n
m o v i n g t h e d u s t p a r t i c u l a t e
doWn
t h r o u g h
t h e
a s s e m b l y
1 0 t o t h e c o l l e c t i o n a r e a .
The
d i r t y
a i r
c h a m b e r 2 2
i s
d e ? n e d
b y
t h e d o o r
1 3 ,
t h e
u p p e r W a l l
p a n e l
1 6 , t h e t W o p a i r s o f o p p o s i n g s i d e W a l l
p a n e l s 1 7
W h i c h e x t e n d
d o W n W a r d l y f r o m
t h e
u p p e r
p a n e l
1 6 ,
s t e p p e d W a l l
s t r u c t u r e
2 8
( s h o W n
i n
p h a n t o m
i n
F I G .
2 ) ,
a n d a p a i r o f s l o p i n g W a l l s u r f a c e s 2 3 , 2 4 . S l o p i n g W a l l
s u r f a c e s 2 3 ,
24
p a r t i a l l y de?ne a c o l l e c t i o n
a r e a o r
hopper 25
Case 1:15-cv-00887-WTL-DML Document 1-1 Filed 06/05/15 Page 11 of 19 PageID #: 17
8/8/2019 DonaldsoDonaldson v. Action Filtration - Complaintn Company Inc v Acti
18/52
US
6 , 4 8 8 , 7 4 6
B1
5
A ottom
b a s e p a n e l
o r
f r a m e
26
i s
s e a l e d t o t h e s i d e
W a l l
p a n e l s 1 7 i n
a n y
s u i t a b l e , s t a n d a r d m a n n e r . The volume o f
d i r t y
a i r c h a m b e r 2 2 i s g e n e r a l l y l e s s
t h a n a b o u t 1 7 6 c u b i c
f e e t ,
a n d i s t y p i c a l l y
a b o u t
7 3
t o
1 7 6
c u b i c
f e e t .
One
common volume a b o u t 9 7 . 3 c u b i c
f e e t .
S i d e
p a n e l
1 7
may
b e a n y
s t r u c t u r e s u i t a b l e f o r
e n c l o s i n g
a n d
e n c a s i n g d i r t y a i r c h a m b e r 2 2 . S i d e p a n e l s 1 7 a r e
t y p i c a l l y
p l a n a r
s h e e t s , made o f , f o r e x a m p l e , m e t a l o r
p l a s t i c . I n o n e e m b o d i m e n t , shoWn
i n
F I G . 5 A ,
s i d e
p a n e l s
1 7
may i n c l u d e s t i f f e n e r s 2 9 ,
s u c h a s r a i l s , b a r s , a n d
t h e
l i k e ,
W h i c h s t r e n g t h e n t h e
s i d e p a n e l s
1 7
a n d i m p r o v e
t h e p a n e l s ’
r e s i s t a n c e t o t h e l a r g e v o l u m e s
o f
a i r
?oWing t h r o u g h
t h e
d i r t y a i r c h a m b e r 2 2 . T y p i c a l l y , t h e s e
s t i f f e n e r s
a r e
p l a c e d
i n t e r n a l l y
a n d
e x t e n d v e r t i c a l l y
f r o m
u p p e r W a l l p a n e l 1 6 t o
b o t t o m p a n e l 2 6
( n o t
s h o W n
i n F I G . 5 A ) , a l t h o u g h h o r i Zo n
t a l
s t i f f e n e r s may be
used
i n
some
embodiments. V e r t i c a l
s t i f f e n e r s 2 9 a r e t y p i c a l l y
p r e f e r r e d
b e c a u s e
t h e y
p r o d u c e
m i n i m a l i n t e r f e r e n c e ,
a l t h o u g h some
i n t e r f e r e n c e ,
W i t h
t h e
doWnWard a i r ? o W p a t t e r n . A
i n g l e
s t i f f e n e r 2 9
o r m u l t i p l e
s t i f f e n e r s 2 9 :
may
e
p r e s e n t
on
any one
o r
a p l u r a l i t y
of
s i d e
p a n e l s 1 7 . S t i l l r e f e r r i n g t o F I G . 5 A , i n a p r e f e r r e d embodi
ment t h e
d i s t a n c e
“ a ” betWeen ? l t e r e l e m e n t
32
and
s i d e
p a n e l 17 i s a t l e a s t a b o u t
5
cm, l e s s t h a n a b o u t 30 cm,
t y p i c a l l y a b o u t
5
t o 20
cm,
a n d i n o n e
example
a b o u t
1 0 . 4
c m ( 4 . 1 i n c h e s ) . The d i s t a n c e “ b ” b e t W e e n s t i f f e n e r 2 9
a n d
? l t e r e l e m e n t 3 2 s a t
l e a s t a b o u t
2 cm, l e s s t h a n
a b o u t
25 cm,
t y p i c a l l y a b o u t 2 cm o 1 5 cm, and i n one example i s a b o u t
5 . 3
cm
2 . 1
i n c h e s ) .
I n a n o t h e r
e m b o d i m e n t , shoWn i n F I G . 5 B , s t i f f e n e r s 29
h a v e
b e e n
removed a n d r e p l a c e d W i t h
e x p a n d e d
o r d i s t e n d e d
s i d e
p a n e l 1 7 ‘ . S i d e p a n e l
1 7 ‘
i s
d i s t e n d e d
f r o m ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s
3 2
a n d i n c l u d e s
s l o p e d p a n e l
1 8
a n d
d i s t e n d e d
p a n e l 1 9 . D i s t e n d e d p a n e l 1 9
i s
d i s p l a c e d a d i s t a n c e “ e ” o u t
f r o m W h e r e
a
p l a n a r
s i d e
p a n e l 1 7
( a s
shoWn
i n
F I G .
5 A )
Would b e ,
t h u s p r o v i d i n g
a
maximum
d i s t a n c e
betWeen ? l t e r
e l e m e n t
3 2 a n d s i d e p a n e l
1 7 ‘
o f
“ c ” .
S l o p e d p a n e l 1 8 i s
p l a c e d a t
a n
a n g l e “ 0 t ”
f r o m Where a
p l a n a r s i d e p a n e l
1 7
Would
b e . As s e e n i n F I G . S E , a p o r t i o n o f
s i d e
p a n e l 1 7 ‘
may r e m a i n
p a r a l l e l t o ? l t e r e l e m e n t
32
a n d n o n - d i s t e n d e d .
O v e r a l l , d i s t e n d e d s i d e p a n e l
1 7 ‘
i n c r e a s e s t h e a r e a
t h r o u g h
Which t h e d i r t y a i r c a n ? o W doWn, comp ared o
a
p l a n a r s i d e
p a n e l , t h e r e b y l o W e r i n g t h e v e l o c i t y o f t h e a i r t r a v e l i n g p a s t
t h e ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s
3 2 a n d p r o v i d i n g f o r
i n c r e a s e d
volumes o f
a i r .
S t i f f e n e r s 2 9
a s shoWn
i n
F I G . 5A,
o r o t h e r s u c h f e a t u r e s ,
a r e
n o t n e e d e d t o s t r e n g t h e n s i d e
p a n e l 1 7 ‘
b e c a u s e t h e s h a p e
p r o d u c e d
b y
t h e
a n g l e d p a n e l s p r o v i d e s t h e
r e q u i s i t e s t i f f
ness.
I n
one embodiment,
t h e
d i s t a n c e “ a ”
betWeen
? l t e r e l e
ment
32 a n d t h e end
o f
s i d e
p a n e l
1 7 ‘ i s a t l e a s t
a b o u t 5
cm,
l e s s
t h a n a b o u t 30 cm,
t y p i c a l l y a b o u t
5 t o
20 cm,
and
i n one
e x a m p l e , a b o u t
1 0
cm, s i m i l a r t o t h a t d i s t a n c e i n t h e
embodiment
shoWn
i n F I G . 5 A . The d i s t a n c e
“ c ” ,
betWeen
? l t e r
e l e m e n t 3 2 a n d
d i s t e n d e d
W a l l p a n e l 1 9 , i s a t l e a s t
a b o u t
1 0
cm, l e s s t h a n a b o u t 50 cm, t y p i c a l l y a b o u t
1 0 t o
25
cm, and
i n
one example a b o u t 17 cm. The d i s t a n c e “ e ” , t h a t
i s , t h e
d i s t a n c e o f
d i s t e n t i o n
f r o m
W h e r e
a p l a n a r
p a n e l
Would
b e , i s a t l e a s t
a b o u t 2
cm, l e s s t h a n
a b o u t
20 cm,
t y p i c a l l y a b o u t 2
t o
1 5 cm, and
i n
one
example
a b o u t 6 cm.
The d i s t a n c e
“ d ”
( a n d
“ d ’ )
may
b e l e s s
t h a n a b o u t 2 0 c m ,
t y p i c a l l y l e s s t h a n
a b o u t
1 0 cm, a n d i n o n e e x a m p l e ,
a b o u t
8 cm. I n
some
embodiments
“d”
may be 0 cm Z e r o ) .
I n
o n e
p a r t i c u l a r
p r e f e r r e d
embodiment,
“ a “ " ’
i s
1 0 . 4
c m
( 4 . 1
i n c h e s ) ,
“ c ” i s 1 6 . 7
cm
6 . 6
i n c h e s ) ,
b o t h “ d ‘ ” a n d “ d ‘ ”
a r e
8 . 6
cm ( 3 . 4 i n c h e s ) , “ e ”
i s
6 . 4
c m ( 2 . 5 i n c h e s ) , “ f ” , t h e
10
1 5
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
6
p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o i t s l e n g t h ) o f
a b o u t
3 8 c m a b o u t 1 5 i n c h e s )
a n d
a l e n g t h o f 1 3 2 . 1 cm ( 5 2 . 0 i n c h e s ) . I n a n o t h e r p a r t i c u l a r
p r e f e r r e d
e m b o d i m e n t , “ a ‘ ”
i s 1 1 . 0
cm
( 4 . 3 i n c h e s ) ,
“ c ”
i s
1 7 . 3 c m ( 6 . 8 i n c h e s ) , b o t h “ d ”
a n d “ d ‘ ” a r e 8 . 6 c m
( 3 . 4
i n c h e s ) ,
a n d
“ e , “ f ” ,
a n d
a n g l e
“ 0 t ” a r e
t h e
same a s
i n t h e
? r s t
embodiment. These
dimensions
a r e
p r e f e r r e d
f o r
a ? l t e r
e l e m e n t 3 2 h a v i n g a W i d t h (When m e a s u r e d p e r p e n d i c u l a r
t o
i t s l e n g t h )
o f a b o u t
2 9 cm ( a b o u t
1 1 i n c h e s )
a n d a
l e n g t h o f
1 3 2 . 1 cm ( 5 2 . 0
i n c h e s ) .
The l t e r
e l e m e n t
3 2
may
c o m p r i s e
tWo s t a c k e d ? l t e r e l e m e n t s 3 2 e a c h h a v i n g a l e n g t h o f a b o u t
6 6 cm ( 2 6 i n c h e s ) .
S e a l e d t o
a s t r u c t u r a l
f r a m e member 2 7
a l o n g e a c h o f
t h e
s i d e
W a l l
p a n e l s 1 7 ,
1 7 ‘
i s mounted a s p a c e r
W a l l
o r t u b e
s h e e t s t r u c t u r e
28 t o
Which
a r e mounted
t h e s e p a r a t e
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s
32
o f t h e a s s e m b l y . The
t u b e
s h e e t s t r u c t u r e 2 8 i s
s e a l e d
on a l l f o u r o f i t s s i d e s t o
h e r m e t i c a l l y
s e a l t h e
d i r t y
a i r chamber 22 from a c l e a n a i r chamber 6 0 . The vo lume o f
c l e a n a i r chamber
6 0
i s g e n e r a l l y l e s s t h a n a b o u t
3 5
c u b i c
f e e t , a n d i s t y p i c a l l y
a b o u t 1 9 t o 35
c u b i c
f e e t . One
common
volume
a b o u t
3 4 . 9 c u b i c
f e e t .
T o g e t h e r W i t h
t h e
d i r t y
a i r
chamber
3 2 , t h i s
Would
p r o v i d e a t o t a l
chamber volume
o f
a b o u t 92 c u b i c f e e t t o 211 c u b i c f e e t .
I n
t h e embodiment shoWn, s p a c e r W a l l
o r
t u b e s h e e t
s t r u c t u r e 2 8 h a s a s t e p - l i k e
d e s i g n ,
a l t h o u g h i t i s u n d e r s t o o d
t h a t p l a n a r t u b e
s h e e t s t r u c t u r e s , o r
s t r u c t u r e s
h a v i n g o t h e r
g e o m e t r i e s , can be u s e d . The s t r u c t u r e 28 i n t h e shoWn
embodiment h a s t h r e e s t e p s o r i n d e n t e d p o r t i o n s . Each s t e p
p o r t i o n i n c l u d e s
a n
u p W a r d l y
e x t e n d i n g
b a c k
member 3 0
a n d a
l e g member 1
e x t e n d i n g
a t
r i g h t
a n g l e s f r o m t h e b a c k
member 3 0 . The t u b e s h e e t s t r u c t u r e 28
i s
p r e f e r a b l y con
s t r u c t e d
f r o m a
s i n g l e p i e c e o f s h e e t s t e e l a n d
t h u s ,
t h e
i n d i v i d u a l
s t e p
p o r t i o n s a r e c o n t i n u o u s e x t e n s i o n s o f t h e
s t e p
p o r t i o n
i m me d i a t e l y a b o v e
i t
a n d b e l o W i t .
As
shoWn
n FIGS.
2 a n d
3 , t h e ? l t e r e l e m e n t s 32 m ounted
t o s t r u c t u r e
28
a r e
p o s i t i o n e d i n
t h e
d i r t y
a i r chamber
22 i n
s t e p p e d ,
p a r t i a l l y
o v e r l a p p i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p .
T h e
? l t e r
e l e
ments 32 may
b e p o s i t i o n e d
i n a
g e n e r a l l y
doWnWard
d i r e c t i o n
a t
a n a c u t e a n g l e o f
i n c l i n a t i o n W i t h
r e s p e c t t o t h e
h o r i Z o n t a l p l a n e o f
t h e
u p p e r s u r f a c e p a n e l 1 6 .
I n
t h i s
manner, a
d i s t r i b u t i o n s p a c e 33
i s
de?ned i n t h e
uppermost
p o r t i o n o f
t h e
? l t e r a s s e m b l y
1 0 by a n i n c l i n e d b a f f l e 5 0 , t h e
s i d e
W a l l
p a n e l s 1 7 , 1 7 ‘ , t h e u p p e r
W a l l p a n e l
i n n e r s u r f a c e
1 6 ‘ , a n d f r o n t a c c e s s d o o r 1 3 . The
i n c l i n e d
b a f f l e 50 i s
p o s i t i o n e d t o
d i s s i p a t e t h e i n c o m i n g
a i r ? o W
t h r o u g h o u t
t h e
d i r t y a i r c h a m b e r 2 2 . As t h e d i r t y a i r e n t e r s t h e
a s s e m b l y
1 0
from t h e
i n l e t 2 0 ,
i t i s r e c e i v e d i n t o t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n
s p a c e
3 3
p r i o r t o
i t s
b e i n g
? l t e r e d .
The i n d i v i d u a l
? l t e r e l e m e n t s 32
p r e f e r a b l y a r e formed o f
p l e a t e d
m e d i a , s u c h a s p a p e r , f o r m e d i n t o
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
t u b e e l e m e n t s
e a c h
h a v i n g o p p o s i t e e n d s . E a c h
o f
t h e s e
e n d s
t y p i c a l l y
h a s
a n end c a p
t h e r e o n .
D e t a i l s
o f
t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n
o f t h e ? l t e r e l e m e n t
32
a n d h o W h e ? l t e r media s
f a s h i o n e d
i n t o
a s t a b l e
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l s h a p e
a n d con?ned
W i t h e n d
c a p s i s d i s c l o s e d i n US. a t .
N o .
4 , 1 7 1 , 9 6 3
( S c h u l e r ) ,
W h i c h
i s i n c o r p o r a t e d
h e r e i n
b y r e f e r e n c e .
An example o f
hoW
a ? l t e r e l e m e n t 3 2
may b e
s u p p o r t e d
t o
t h e s t r u c t u r e
28
i s d i s c l o s e d i n US. P a t . N o s . 4 , 3 9 5 , 2 6 9
a n d
5 , 5 6 2 , 7 4 6 .
I n
p a r t i c u l a r , t h e s u p p o r t
a s s e m b l y f o r
s u p
p o r t i n g
t h e
? l t e r e l e m e n t
i s shoWn i n
F I G . 4 . Back
member
p o r t i o n
3 0
o f t h e s t r u c t u r e 2 8
h a s a n
o p e n i n g ( n o t s h o W n )
t h r o u g h
W h i c h
i s
d i s p o s e d
a
V e n t u r i
e l e m e n t 7 0
( s h o W n
i n
phantom n F I G .
2 ) .
V e n t u r i e l e m e n t
7 0 i s
p o s i t i o n e d
o n t h e
t u b e s h e e t s t r u c t u r e 2 8 i n r e l a t i o n
t o t h e
? l t e r e l e m e n t 32
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19/52
US
6 , 4 8 8 , 7 4 6
B1
7
i s
u s e d f o r
s u p p o r t i n g t h e ? l t e r
e l e m e n t
3 2 . The y o k e
a s s e m b l y 3 6 i n c l u d e s s t e e l
r o d s
a t t a c h e d
t o
( f o r e x a m p l e ,
b y
W e l d i n g ) a n d e x t e n d i n g f r o m t h e s t r u c t u r e 2 8 .
Yoke
assem
b l y
3 6 i s
p o s i t i o n e d
t o
e x t e n d f r o m
s t r u c t u r e 2 8
i n t o
t h e
d i r t y
a i r c h a m b e r 2 2 . A l t e r n a t i v e l y , a l t h o u g h
n o t
shoWn
i n
t h e
? g u r e s ,
s t e e l
r o d s
o f
t h e
y o k e
a s s e m b l y c a n b e
t h r e a d e d
a t
t h e
p r o x i m a l
e n d a n d e x t e n d t h r o u g h n o t c h e s i n
t h e
V e n t u r i
b e l l - m o u t h e d - p o r t i o n
a n d a p e r t u r e s i n t h e ? a n g e
o f
t h e
V e n t u r i element 7 0 . I n such
a
c a s e ,
a
rod can be s t r u c t u r e d
s o
t h a t
i t
can be secured t o
t h e t u b e
s h e e t s t r u c t u r e 2 8
t o g e t h e r W i t h t h e ? a n g e o f t h e V e n t u r i e l e m e n t 70 by a
n u t
p l a c e d on t h e c l e a n a i r
chamber
s i d e o f t h e t u b e s h e e t
s t r u c t u r e .
T h i s
can be
a c h i e v e d i n
a v a r i e t y
o f
Ways. For
e x a m p l e , t h e r o d
c a n h a v e
a n i n t e g r a l r i d g e
p r o x i m a t e i t s
p r o x i m a l end t o a c t a
s t o p
a s t h e p r o x i m a l end
o f
t h e
r o d
i s
e x t e n d e d t h r o u g h a n
a p e r t u r e o f t h e
t u b e
s h e e t s t r u c t u r e 28
t o
be f a s t e n e d W i t h a n u t . T h i s arrangement h a s t h e advan
t a g e
t h a t n o
r o d e x t e n d s
t h r o u g h t h e t h r o a t
o f
t h e
V e n t u r i
e l e m e n t
7 0 . A n o t h e r p r a c t i c a b l e a l t e r n a t i v e
f o r s e c u r i n g
t h e
? l t e r element t o t h e
t u b e
s h e e t s t r u c t u r e 2 8 i s one
s i m i l a r t o
t h e
a r r a n g e m e n t
d i s c l o s e d i n
US.
a t . N o . 4 , 2 1 8 , 2 2 7 F r e y ) .
R e f e r r i n g
noW o
F I G .
6 , n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e m e n t 32
t y p i c a l l y c o m p r i s e s
a p l e a t e d
? l t r a t i o n
m e d i a 3 5 e x t e n d i n g
e s s e n t i a l l y t h e l e n g t h o f
? l t e r e l e m e n t
3 2 .
An
o u t e r
l i n e r 36
p r o t e c t s t h e
? l t r a t i o n
m e d i a
3 5
f r o m p h y s i c a l
d a m a g e s .
L i k e W i s e ,
a n
i n n e r l i n e r
34 s p o s i t i o n e d i n s id e t h e ? l t r a t i o n
media 35
t o
p r o t e c t
a n d
s u p p o r t
? l t r a t i o n media
3 5 .
Each o f t h e e n d s o f t h e ? l t r a t i o n m e d i a 35 i s p r e f e r a b l y
p o t t e d o r con?ned i n a n e n d
c a p
( o r c o l l a r m e m b e r ) .
A
r s t
end c a p
8 2 ,
r e f e r r e d t o h e r e i n
a s
t h e “ p r o x i m a l e n d ” ,
i s
a n
a n n u l a r end
c a p and
a l l o W s
a c c e s s
t o t h e
i n t e r i o r
o f
? l t e r
e l e m e n t 3 2 .
The
o p p o s i t e “ d i s t a l e n d c a p ” 4 4
i s a c o n t i n u o u s
c a p t h a t s e a l s
a c c e s s
t o t h e i n t e r i o r o f ? l t r a t i o n media 3 5 .
The
? l t r a t i o n
media 35
a n d end
c a p s
8 2 ,
44 de?ne
a
? l t e r e d
o r
c l e a n a i r chamber ( n o t s h o W n ) .
I n
some
e m b o d i m e n t s ,
such
a s
When tWo ? l t e r e l e m e n t s 3 2
a r e
s t a c k e d a x i a l l y ,
d i s t a l end c a p 44 o f t h e ? r s t e l e m e n t 3 2 may
b e a n
a n n u l a r
c a p , i n
o r d e r t o a l l o W a i r
t o H o w
f r e e l y
betWeen
t h e
i n t e r n a l
chambers
o f
t h e tWo
s t a c k e d
e l e m e n t s .
G e n e r a l l y ,
t h e
p o r t i o n o f
t h e
m e d i a
3 5
c o v e r e d b y
t h e
e n d
c a p s i s n o t c o n s i d e r e d porous t o a i r
a s
i t i s
s h i e l d e d
by t h e
end c a p .
When
mounted on t h e s t r u c t u r e 28 v i a yoke
3 6 ,
p r o x i m a l
e n d c a p
8 2
i s p o s i t i o n e d a g a i n s t t h e s t r u c t u r e
2 8 .
I n some e m b o d i m e n t s , a
g a s k e t
may b e d i s p o s e d betWeen
t h e
p r o x im a l e n d
c a p 8 2
a n d
t h e s t r u c t u r e
2 8 .
By
r e s s i n g
t h e
? l t e r e l e m e n t
32 t o W a r d t h e s t r u c t u r e 28 a n d c o m p r e s s i n g
t h e g a s k e t ,
a n a x i a l l y
d i r e c t e d
s e a l
i s
p r o v i d e d
b e t W e e n
p r o x i m a l
e n d
c a p
8 2
a n d
s t r u c t u r e
28
t o
p r e v e n t
a i r
l e a k a g e .
I n t h e e m b o d i m e n t shoWn n F I G .
4 ,
e a c h
y o k e
a s s e m b l y
36
i s s e c u r e d e s s e n t i a l l y p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e s t r u c t u r e 28 s o
a s t o suspend
t h e
? l t e r e l e m e n t s 32
a t a n a c u t e
a n g l e W i t h
r e s p e c t t o h o r i Z o n t a l . ( B a c k member 3 0 , o n W h i c h y o k e
a s s e m b l y
3 6
i s
p o s i t i o n e d ,
i s
a t
a n a n g l e t o
h o r i Z o n t a l ) . I n
some e m b o d i m e n t s , h o W e v e r , back
member 30 may
b e
v e r t i c a l ,
i . e . ,
p e r p e n d i c u l a r
t o
h o r i Z o n t a l ,
a n d
y o k e
a s s e m b l y
3 6
i s s t r u c t u r e d
s o
t h a t ? l t e r elements
3 2 a r e
n e v e r t h e l e s s
p o s i t i o n e d
a t
a n a c u t e a n g l e W i t h r e s p e c t t o h o r i Z o n t a l .
The
p r e f e r r e d r a n g e f o r
t h e
a n g l e o f
i n c l i n a t i o n
o f
t h e
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s
3 2
i s
a b o u t 1 5 ° — 3 0 °
f r o m
t h e h o r i Zo n t a l ,
a l t h o u g h
t h e
s y s t e m c a n Work i t h a n y a n g l e
o f
i n c l i n a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g
no a n g l e . I n t h e embodiment
shoWn
i n F I G S .
2 a n d 3 , e a c h
back
member
30
o f
t h e
s t e p p e d
s t r u c t u r e
28
h a s
tWo
h o r i
Z o n t a l l y
s p a c e d a p a r t y o k e a s s e m b l i e s 3 6 m o u n t e d
t h e r e o n .
P r e f e r a b l y , a l l
o f
t h e ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s
32 o n t h e v a r i o u s s t e p s
10
1 5
25
35
45
55
8
F I G .
2
i l l u s t r a t e s
t h e p l a c e m e n t
o f
a
p a i r o f ? l t e r e l e m e n t s
32 o n t o e a c h y o k e a s s e m b l y
3 6 ;
tWo ? l t e r e l e m e n t s 3 2 a r e
p o s i t i o n e d
a x i a l l y i n r e l a t i o n
t o
o n e a n o t h e r . An a n n u l a r
d i s t a l
e n d c a p
4 4 h a v i n g a c e n t r a l l y l o c a t e d
o p e n i n g
i s
a l i g n e d W i t h t h e end p l a t e 39 s o
a s
t o
s e a l i n g l y
c o v e r t h e
o u t b o a r d
e n d
o f
t h e
s e c o n d
? l t e r
e l e m e n t
o f
e a c h
p a i r .
T h i s
a l l o W s
t h e r e m o v a b l e
a t t a c h m e n t o f a
c l a m p i n g
a r r a n g e m e n t
f o r a x i a l l y c o m p r e s s i n g t h e
g a s k e t s
8 4 ( n o t s h o W n i n
F I G S .
2 — 3 )
o f
t h e ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s
32
t o s e a l them t o
t h e
t u b e s h e e t
s t r u c t u r e 2 8 a s
W e l l
a s t o each
o t h e r .
A l s o , a f a s t e n i n g b o l t
4 6
W i t h
i t s s p e c i a l h a n d l e 4 7 i s i n s e r t e d
t h r o u g h
t h e a l i g n e d
a p e r t u r e s
o f t h e end p l a t e 39 and end c a p 44 t o s e c u r e t h e
t W o
t o g e t h e r .
D i r e c t l y b e h i n d
t h e
t u b e s h e e t
s t r u c t u r e 28
s
t h e
c l e a n
a i r
c h a m b e r 6 0
W h i c h
i s d e ? n e d by
t h e
b a c k s u r f a c e
p a n e l 6 2
o f
t h e a s s e m b l y a n d a
p o r t i o n
o f t h e u p p e r
s u r f a c e
p a n e l 1 6 , a
p o r t i o n
o f t h e
t W o
o p p o s i n g s i d e
p a n e l s
1 7 ,
1 7 ‘ ,
a n d t h e b a c k
s i d e
o f
t h e t u b e s h e e t s t r u c t u r e 2 8 . Mounted
i n
t h e
back
s u r f a c e
p a n e l
6 2
i s a c l e a n a i r o u t l e t
6 4
f o r v e n t i n g t h e c l e a n ,
? l t e r e d
a i r
i n t o t h e
c o n d u i t
1 2
f o r
r e t u r n
t o
t h e
p l a n t
e n v i r o n m e n t .
U n t i l t h e p r e s e n t d i s c l o s u r e , c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e m e n t s
h a v e t y p i c a l l y been u s e d
i n
a i r ? l t e r
a s s e m b l i e s
s u c h
a s
d e s c r i b e d
h e r e i n . HoWever, i t h a s been found t h a t
i n
con
v e n t i o n a l
s y s t e m s, o p e r a t i o n
o f
t h e s e t y p e s
o f d u s t c o l l e c t o r s
a t a n i n c r e a s e d
a i r
?oW volume
r e s u l t s
i n i n c r e a s e d
a i r
s p e e d s , Which i n t u r n r e s u l t s i n a r e d u c t i o n
o f
? l t e r l i f e
b e c a u s e o f
t h e a b r a s i v e n e s s
o f
t h e p a r t i c u l a t e s i n t h e
a i r . An
i n c r e a s e d a i r ? o W , f o r e x a m p l e , 8 3 1 5 c u b i c f e e t p e r
m i n u t e
( c ? n ) o r
g r e a t e r ,
l e a d s t o h i g h c a b i n e t
a i r / d u s t
v e l o c i t y W h i c h
c a n a b r a d e
h o l e s
i n t h e ? l t e r c a r t r i d g e s . The
h i g h
a i r
v e l o c i t y
may a l s o i n h i b i t t h e d r o p - o u t o f t h e d u s t p a r t i c l e s i n t o
t h e
c o l l e c t i o n h o p p e r . T h i s r e s u l t s i n t h e ? l t e r s b e i n g p l u g g e d
and
a l o s s i n
t o t a l
d u s t
c o l l e c t i o n
a i r ? o W .
The
p r e s e n t
d i s c l o s u r e
p r o v i de s a n
a i r ? l t e r a s s e m b l y t h a t
p r o v i d e s h i g h
v o l u m e t r i c
a i r ? o W
W i t h s u f ? c i e n t l y loW
a i r
s p e e d s
t o m i n i
m i Z e ? l t e r d a m a g e .
The
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r e l e m e n t s , When
u t i l i Z e d i n
t h e
a i r
? l t e r
a s s e m b l y
o f t h e
p r e s e n t
d i s c l o s u r e ,
h a v e a n
e x t e n d e d
l i f e
When c o m p a r e d t o c o n v e n t i o n a l c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r e l e m e n t s .
T h e n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r e l e m e n t s p r o v i de
d e c r e a s e d a i r
v e l o c i t i e s ,
t h u s r e d u c i n g t h e a m o u n t o f damage
caused t o t h e ? l t e r e l e m e n t s . N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e
non
c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s
W i l l e v e n t u a l l y
n e e d r e p l a c e m e n t
W i t h n e W , c l e a n ? l t e r e l e m e n t s
When
t h e ? l t e r e l e m e n t s
become
o c c l u d e d a n d p l u g g e d . T h e n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r s
a r e
removed When t h e p r e s s u r e
d r o p
a c r o s s t h e ? l t r a t i o n
media
i s
a b o u t
4—6
i n c h e s o f
W a t e r .
R e f e r r i n g
noW t o FIGS. 6 — 7 ,
a
? l t e r
e l e m e n t 3 2 i n
a c c o r d a n c e W i t h
t h e p r e s e n t d is c l o s u r e W i l l
b e
e x p l a i n e d i n
d e t a i l . F i l t e r e l e m e n t 32 h a s a n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l sl e e v e o f
? l t r a t i o n
m e d i a 3 5 , p r e f e r a b l y p l e a t e d , e x t e n d i n g
f r o m
p r o x i m a l end c a p
82
t o a
d i s t a l
end c a p 4 4 .
T y p i c a l l y ,
p r o x i m a l e n d c a p 8 2 i s a n n u l a r , p r o v i d i n g
f o r
a c c e s s t o t h e
c l e a n a i r
o r ? l t e r e d
a i r chamber. I n some embodiments,
d i s t a l
end c a p 44
may
b e
a n n u l a r
o r may
be
c o n t i n u o u s ; i n
t h e
c o n t e x t o f t h i s d i s c l o s u r e ,
a n
“ a n n u l a r end
c a p ”
i s
one
Where t h e end
c a p i s r i n g - l i k e
and
a l l o W s
a c c e s s t o t h e
i n t e r i o r
o f ? l t r a t i o n m e d i a 35
( i t i s “ o p e n ” ) ,
a n d a “ c o n t i n u
ous
end
cap” i s
one
t h a t e x t e n d s
a c r o s s t h e
span o f ? l t r a t i o n
media
35
and
does n o t a l l o W a c c e s s
t o
t h e i n t e r i o r o f
? l t r a t i o n
m e d i a
3 5 ;
i n
o t h e r
W o r d s ,
i t
i s
“ c l o s e d ” .
G e n e r a l l y
f o r tWo s t a c k e d
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s 3 2 , d i s t a l
end
c a p
44 W i l l
b e
a n n u l a r
f o r t h e ? r s t o f t h e
s t a c k e d
? l t e r
e l e m e n t s
32 a n d
Case 1:15-cv-00887-WTL-DML Document 1-1 Filed 06/05/15 Page 13 of 19 PageID #: 19
8/8/2019 DonaldsoDonaldson v. Action Filtration - Complaintn Company Inc v Acti
20/52
US
6 , 4 8 8 , 7 4 6
B1
9
continuous end
cap
t o allow passage of a b o l t o r o t h e r
f a s t e n e r t h e r e t h r o u g h s o a s
t o
p r o v i d e a t t a c h m e n t o f
t h e
? l t e r
e l e m e n t 3 2 t o s t e p p e d t u b e s h e e t 2 8 ; h o W e v e r , a n y
a p e r t u r e
i s t i g h t l y
s e a l e d b y
t h e f a s t e n e r .
The l e n g t h o f ? l t e r
e l e m e n t
3 2 , shoWn
a s
“ x ” i n
F I G .
6 ,
g e n e r a l l y
t a k e n
f r o m
t h e
o u t e r m o s t
e n d
o f
p r o x i m a l
e n d
c a p
82
t o
t h e o u t e r m o s t end o f d i s t a l
end
c a p
44
s a t l e a s t a b o u t
4 5 . 7 c m
( 1 8
i n c h e s ) , l e s s t h a n a b o u t 1 2 2
cm ( 4 8
i n c h e s ) ,
t y p i c a l l y
a b o u t 5 5 . 9 — 7 6 . 2 cm
( 2 2 — 3 0 i n c h e s ) ,
o f t e n a b o u t
6 1 . 0 — 7 1 . 1
cm ( 2 4 — 2 8 i n c h e s ) ,
a n d
p r e f e r a b l y
a b o u t
6 6 . 0 cm
( 2 6 i n c h e s ) , a l t h o u g h l o n g e r
a n d
s h o r t e r
? l t e r e l e m e n t s
c o u l d b e u s e d . A d d i t i o n a l l y ,
m u l t i p l e
? l t e r e l e m e n t s 3 2 , f o r
e x a m p l e , t W o , t h r e e , o r more ? l t e r e l e m e n t s 3 2 ,
may
b e
a x i a l l y
s t a c k e d t o
p r o v i d e
more
? l t r a t i o n a r e a .
B e c a u s e
? l t e r
e l e m e n t 32 i s
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ,
? l t r a t i o n
media 3 5 a n d
e a c h
end
c a p 8 2 ,
44
a r e a l s o
n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ;
e a c h
end c a p h a s
a l o n g
a x i s 7 5 and
a s h o r t
a x i s 7 6 ,
When
t a k e n p e r p e n d i c u l a r
t o
t h e ? l t r a t i o n media 3 5 . F I G .
7
i l l u s
t r a t e s
p r o x i m a l e n d c a p 8 2 W i t h l o n g a x i s 7 5 a n d
s h o r t
a x i s
7 6 .
The
a s p e c t r a t i o , t h a t i s ,
t h e
r a t i o b e t W e e n
t h e
s h o r t
a x i s
7 6
o f
t h e e n d c a p
a n d
t h e
l o n g
a x i s 7 5
o f
t h e e n d c a p ,
i s
t y p i c a l l y
a t
l e a s t a b o u t 0 . 5 ,
l e s s t h a n
1 . 0 , a n d i s p r e f e r a b l y
a b o u t 0 . 7 t o 0 . 9 . I n some s y s t e m s , an a s p e c t r a t i o o f a b o u t
0 . 8 0 i s p r e f e r r e d . I t h a s
b e e n
f o u n d t h a t t h e
l o W e r
t h e
a s p e c t
r a t i o , t h e l o W e r t h e
a i r v e l o c i t y a s
t h e
a i r
?oWs t h r o u g h t h e
d i r t y a i r c h a m b e r 2 2
a n d a r o u n d
a n d t h r o u g h t h e ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s 3 2 .
T h i s
r e s u l t s i n
l e s s damage o
t h e ? l t e r e l e m e n t s
32 a n d
l o n g e r
e l e m e n t l i f e .
An a s p e c t r a t i o
o f a b o u t
0 . 8
f o r
a n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r e l e m e n t t y p i c a l l y
p r o v i d e s
a n
i n c r e a s e
o f a i r ? o W b y a b o u t 1 0 % , g e n e r a l l y
a t
l e a s t a b o u t
20 ,
and
i n some i n s t a n c e s , by
a b o u t
2 5
o v e r
t h a t o f a
c o n v e n t i o n a l
c y l i n d r i c a l
? l t e r
e l e m e n t , W h i l e k e e p i n g
t h e
c a b i n e t
a i r v e l o c i t i e s t h e
s a m e .
HoWever,
a s
t h e a s p e c t r a t i o
f o r n o n - c y l i n d r i c a l ? l t e r
e l e m e n t s
d e c r e a s e s ( i . e . , t h e
s h o r t
a x i s 7 6 d e c r e a s e s i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e l o n g a x i s 7 5 ) , i t becomes
d i f ? c u l t t o
p u l s e
c l e a n a i r
b a c k W a r d s t h r o u g h
t h e
e l e m e n t s
32 t o l o o s e n compacted p a r t i c u l a t e s , d u e t o t h e n a r r o W n e s s
o f t h e e l e m e n t t h r o u g h W h i c h t h e a i r p u l s e m u s t
t r a v e l .
T h e
e x t e r i o r
d i m e n s i o n o f e n d c a p 8 2 ( a n d
e n d
c a p
4 4 ) ,
When
t a k e n
a l o n g t h e l o n g a x i s 7 5 ,
i s
a t
l e a s t a b o u t 1 5 c m ,
l e s s t h a n a b o u t 60
cm, t y p i c a l l y
i s a b o u t 27.9—45 7 c m
( 1 1 — 1 8 i n c h e s ) , a n d
p r e f e r a b l y
a b o u t 3 3 . 0 — 3 8 . 1 cm ( 1 3 — 1 5
i n c h e s ) . T h e i n t e r i o r d i m e n s i o n
o f
e n d c a p 8 2
( a n d
o p t i o n
a l l y o f
e n d
c a p
4 4 ) , When
t a k e n a l o n g
t h e
l o n g
a x i s 7 5 , i s a t
l e a s t
a b o u t 5 cm,
l e s s t h a n
5 5 c m , t y p i c a l l y a b o u t 2 0 . 3 — 3 8 . 1
c m
( 8 — 1 5
i n c h e s ) ,
a n d
p r e f e r a b l y
a b o u t
2 5
. 4 — 3 0 . 5
c m
( 1 0 — 1 2 i n c h e s ) . T h e e x t e r i o r d i m e n s i o n o f e n d c a p 8 2 ( a n d
e n d c a p
4 4 ) ,
When
t a k e n a l o n g t h e s h o r t a x i s
7 6 ,
i s a t l e a s t
a b o u t
1 0 cm, l e s s
t h a n
a b o u t 55 cm, t y p i c a l l y a b o u t
2 0 . 3 — 3 8 . 1 cm
( 8 — 1 5
i n c h e s ) ,
p r e f e r a b l y a b o u t ,
2 5
. 4 — 3 0 . 5 c m
( 1 0 — 1 2 i n c h e s ) . G e n e r a l l y , t h e i n t e r i o r d i m e n s i o n o f t h e e n d
c a p
8 2
( a n d o p t i o n a l l y o f e n d c a p 4 4 ) ,
When
t a k e n a l o n g t h e
s h o r t a x i s 7 6 , i s
a t
l e a s t a b o u t
5 cm, l e s s t h a n a b o u t
50
cm,
t y p i c a l l y a b o u t 1 2 . 7 — 3 0 . 5 cm ( 5 — 1 2 i n c h e s ) , a n d
p r e f e r a b l y
a b o u t 1 7 . 8 — 2 2 . 9 cm ( 7 — 9 i n c h e s ) .
The
d i m e n s i o n s o f
t h e
p r o x i m a l e n d c a p 8 2 a n d
t h e
d i s t a l e n d c a p
4 4 W i l l u s u a l l y
b e
t h e s a m e ; t h a t i s , t y p i c a l l y t h e
? l t e r
e l e m e n t
32
W i l l
n o t
be
t a p e r e d ,
b u t
f o r some embodiments a t a p e r may
i n
f a c t
be
d e s i r e d .
I n
a
p r e f e r r e d
e m b o d i m e n t ,
t h e e x t e r i o r
d i m e n s i o n s
o f
e i t h e r e n d c a p
8 2 ,
4 4 a r e 3 7 . 7 0
c m ( 1 4 . 8 4 4 i n c h e s ) a l o n g t h e
l o n g a x i s 7 5 ,
a n d
3 0 . 0 8 cm ( 1 1 . 8 4 4 i n c h e s ) a l o n g t h e s h o r t
10
1 5
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
1 0
a x i s 7 6 . The l e n g t h o f t h e ? l t e r e l e m e n t 3 2
i s
p r e f e r a b l y
a b o u t
6 6 . 0 c m ( 2 6 i n c h e s ) . T h u s ,
i f
tWo
e l e m e n t s
32 Were
s t a c k e d , t h e o ve r a l l l e n g t h o f t h e
? l t e r e l e m e n t s
3 2 Would
b e
1 3 2 . 1 cm ( 5 2
i n c h e s ) .
I n a n o t h e r p r e f e r r e d e m b o d i m e n t ,
t h e
e x t e r i o r
dimensions
o f
e i t h e r
end c a p 8 2 , 44
a r e
36.47 cm
( 1 4 . 3 6 0
i n c h e s )
a l o n g
t h e
l o n g
a x i s 7 5 ,
a n d
2 8 . 8 5
cm
1 1 . 3 6
i n c h e s )
a l o n g t h e s h o r t a x i s
7 6 .
Each
? l t e r e l e m e n t 3 2 i s mounted o n t o t u b e s h e e t s t r u c
t u r e
2 8 ,
i n
p a r t i c u l a r
o n t o
back
member 30
o f
t u b e
s h e e t
s t r u c t u r e 2 8 , b y
y o k e a s s e m b l y
3 6 . R e f e r r i n g
t o
F I G .
8 ,
Which
shoWs
tWo ? l t e r e l e m e n t s 3 2
mounted
o n t o back
member 3 0 ,
i t
can be s e e n t h a t ? l t e r element 32
i s mounted
s o
t h a t
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