Inglés JurídicoInglés Jurídico
Nivel Inicial
Sentence StructureSentence Structure
Syntax = the study of the Syntax = the study of the sentencesentence
Word Order is at the heart of Word Order is at the heart of syntax and it is essential for syntax and it is essential for
meaningmeaning
PatternsPatterns
Most sentences can be analysed into one of only seven basic clause types
S + V S + V + O S + V + C S + V + A S+ V + O + O S + V + O + C S + V + O + A
ElementsElements
I ) Subject:
II) Verb
III) Object
IV) Complements
V) Adverbials
I) SubjectI) Subject
–It controls whether the verb is singular or plural.
The witness works with the plaintiff.
–Subjects are generally: nouns, noun phrases and pronouns.
• He works with the plaintiff
II) Verb II) Verb
The verb can never be omitted. A sentence may contain a single verb or a cluster of
verbs (verb phrase) There are three types of verbs: Full, modal and
primary verbs. Forms of Verbs: A) Finite verbs (they refer to a particular number,
tense, person or mood) B) Non finite : -ing participle, -ed participle and the
infinitive.
III) ObjectIII) Object
It usually follows the subject and verb in a clause. There are two types: a)Direct b)Indirect A) Direct: person or thing directly affected by the
action expressed by the verb. B) Indirect: animate being which is the recipient
of the action. Objects are generally nouns or objective pronouns
IV) ComplementsIV) Complements
Subjective Complement: It refers to the subject– The secretary looked worried
Objective Complement: It refers to the object– The secretary left the door ajar
v) Adverbialsv) Adverbials
They are not always necessary within the sentence. (additional information)
They are usually adverbs, prepositional phrases, noun phrases.
There may be more than one in a sentenceThey are used to express: Time, place,
manner.
Questions and NegativesQuestions and Negatives
Questions
Aux + Subject+Verb ? Do they work ? Wh-+aux+Subj+Verb ? Where do they work ?
Negatives
Subj + Aux + NOT + V
They do not work
Word ClassesWord Classes
1. Nouns2. Adjectives3. Verbs4. Adverbs
NounsNouns
TYPES:
Proper: e.g. names : Michigan, Steve
Common: Countable : book
(Abstract/Concrete) Uncountable : justice
Nouns: GenderNouns: Gender
There is no grammatical gender but there are ways of expressing whether they are male or female or whether they are people or things.– Prince/princess it/he/she fiancé/fiancée– Bride/groom husband/wife
Some words have dual gender: -cousin president student
Nouns: NumberNouns: Number
1) In general, there are singular and plural nouns. The most common plural form is: singular noun + “s”= house/houses, car/cars
2) Irregular Plurals: Old English or Germanic: foot/feet, woman/women,
Greek/Latin words: formula/formulae, thesis/theses
Invariable Plurals: aircraft,deer, sheep
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