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TEST ON CEMENT
The Following are the tests to be conducted to judge the quality of cement.
1. Consistency
2. Soundness
3. Initial And Final Setting Time Of Cement
4. Fineness
1.CONSISTENCY
The basic aim is to find out the water content required to produce a cement paste of standard
consistency as specified by the I! 4"31 #$art 4% & 1'((. The principle is that standard
consistency of cement is that consistency at which the )icat plunger penetrates to a point *+,mm
from the bottom of )icat mould.
-pparatus & )icat apparatus conforming to I! **13 & 1',/ 0alance/ whose permissible
ariation at a load of 1"""g should be 1."g/ auging trowel conforming to I! 1""( & 1'(2.
Procedure to determine consistency of
cement
i% eigh appro5imately 4""g of cement and
mi5 it with a weighed quantity of water. The
time of gauging should be between 3 to *
minutes.
ii%Fill the )icat mould with paste and leel it
with a trowel.
iii%6ower the plunger gently till it touches
the cement surface.
i%7elease the plunger allowing it to sin8
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-consistency-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-soundness-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-initial-and-final-setting-time-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-fineness-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-soundness-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-initial-and-final-setting-time-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-fineness-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-consistency-of-cement.html7/25/2019 cycle 2 som lab
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into the paste.
%9ote the reading on the gauge.
i%7epeat the aboe procedure ta8ing fresh
samples of cement and different quantities
of water until the reading on the gauge is *
to ,mm.
Results! :5press the amount of water as a
percentage of the weight of dry cement to
the first place of decimal.
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2.SON!NESS
oundness of cement is determined by 6e+;hatelier method as per I! 4"31 #$art 3%1'((.-pparatus & The apparatus for conducting the 6e+;hatelier test should conform to I!**14&1''
0alance/ whose permissible ariation at a load of 1"""g should be 1."g and ater bath.
Procedure to determine soundness of cement
i% $lace the mould on a glass sheet and fill it with the cement paste formed by gauging cement
with ".,( times the water required to gie a paste of standard consistency.
ii% ;oer the mould with another piece of glass sheet/ place a small weight on this coering glass
sheet and immediately submerge the whole assembly in water at a temperature of 2, < 2o; and
8eep it there for 24hrs.
iii% =easure the distance separating the indicator points to the nearest ".*mm #say d1%.
i% ubmerge the mould again in water at the temperature prescribed aboe. 0ring the water to
boiling point in 2* to 3" minutes and 8eep it boiling for 3hrs.
% 7emoe the mould from the water/ allow it to cool and measure the distance between the
indicator points
#sayd2%.
i% #d2& d1% represents the e5pansion of cement.
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".INITIA# AN! FINA# SETTIN$ TIME
we need to calculate the initial and final setting time as per I! 4"31 #$art *% & 1'((. To
do so we need )icat apparatus conforming to I! **13 & 1',/ 0alance/ whose permissible
ariation at a load of 1"""g should be 1."g/ auging trowel conforming to I! 1""( & 1'(2.
Procedure to determine initial and final setting time of cement
i% $repare a cement paste by gauging the cement with ".(* times the water required to
gie a paste of standard consistency.
ii% tart a stop+watch/ the moment water is added to the cement.
iii% Fill the )icat mould completely with the cement paste gauged as aboe/ the mould
resting on a non+porous plate and smooth off the surface of the paste ma8ing it leel with
the top of the mould. The cement bloc8 thus prepared in the mould is the test bloc8
.
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A%INITIALSETTINGTIME
$lace the test bloc8 under the rod bearing the needle. 6ower the needle gently in order to
ma8e contact with the surface of the cement paste and release quic8ly/ allowing it to
penetrate the test bloc8. 7epeat the procedure till the needle fails to pierce the test bloc8
to a point *." < ".*mm measured from the bottom of the mould. The time period elapsing
between the time/ water is added to the cement and the time/ the needle fails to pierce the
test bloc8 by *." < ".*mm measured from the bottom of the mould/ is the initial setting
time.
&% FINALSETTINGTIME
7eplace the aboe needle by the one with an annular attachment. The cement should be
considered as finally set when/ upon applying the needle gently to the surface of the test
bloc8/ the needle ma8es an impression therein/ while the attachment fails to do so. The
period elapsing between the time/ water is added to the cement and the time/ the needle
ma8es an impression on the surface of the test bloc8/ while the attachment fails to do so/
is the final setting time.
FINENESS
So we need to determine the fineness of cement by dry sieving as per IS: 4031
(Part 1) 1!"#he princip$e of this is that we determine the proportion of cement
whose grain si%e is $arger then specified mesh si%e"
#he apparat&s &sed are 0'm IS Sieve a$ance capab$e of weighing 10g to the
nearest 10mg * ny$on or p&re brist$e br&sh preferab$y with +, to 40mm brist$e
for c$eaning the sieve"
Sieve shown in pic be$ow is not the act&a$ 0'm seive"Its -&st for reference"
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Procedure to determine fineness of cement
i) .eigh appro/imate$y 10g of cement to the nearest 0"01g and p$ace it on the
sieve"
ii) *gitate the sieve by swir$ing p$anetary and $inear movements &nti$ no more fine
materia$ passes thro&gh it"
iii) .eigh the resid&e and e/press its mass as a percentage 1of the &antity first
p$aced on the sieve to the nearest 0"1 percent"
iv) 2ent$y br&sh a$$ the fine materia$ off the base of the sieve"
v) epeat the who$e proced&re &sing a fresh 10g samp$e to obtain +" #hen
ca$c&$ate as the mean of 1 and + as a percentage e/pressed to the nearest
0"1 percent" .hen the res&$ts differ by more than 1 percent abso$&te carry o&t a
third sieving and ca$c&$ate the mean of the three va$&es"
Results
eport the va$&e of to the nearest 0"1 percent as the resid&e on the 0'm sieve"
COM'RESSI(E STREN$T) OF *OO!
Aim+ To determine ;ompressie strength of wood at failure
Mate,ials and A--a,atus+
#a% Test samples of wood and metal fasteners
#b%>niersal testing machine
#c% =easuring tape
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',ocedu,e+
Step 1:=easure the dimensions of the wood sample.
Step :$osition the wood specimen under the cross+head of testing machine
#at the center%.
Step !:-pply the load till the specimen fails in compression.
Step ":?etermine the compressie strength of wood as @-pplied 6oadA
#cross+sectional area%B.
Step #:$resent the results.
Result+
The compressie strength of gien specimen is determined.
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