cycle 2 som lab

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TEST ON CEMENT

The Following are the tests to be conducted to judge the quality of cement.

1. Consistency

2. Soundness

3. Initial And Final Setting Time Of Cement

4. Fineness

1.CONSISTENCY

The basic aim is to find out the water content required to produce a cement paste of standard

consistency as specified by the I! 4"31 #$art 4% & 1'((. The principle is that standard

consistency of cement is that consistency at which the )icat plunger penetrates to a point *+,mm

from the bottom of )icat mould.

-pparatus & )icat apparatus conforming to I! **13 & 1',/ 0alance/ whose permissible

ariation at a load of 1"""g should be 1."g/ auging trowel conforming to I! 1""( & 1'(2.

Procedure to determine consistency of

cement

i% eigh appro5imately 4""g of cement and

mi5 it with a weighed quantity of water. The

time of gauging should be between 3 to *

minutes.

ii%Fill the )icat mould with paste and leel it

with a trowel.

iii%6ower the plunger gently till it touches

the cement surface.

i%7elease the plunger allowing it to sin8
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-consistency-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-soundness-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-initial-and-final-setting-time-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-fineness-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-soundness-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-initial-and-final-setting-time-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-fineness-of-cement.htmlhttp://www.engineeringcivil.com/test-to-check-consistency-of-cement.html


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into the paste.

%9ote the reading on the gauge.

i%7epeat the aboe procedure ta8ing fresh

samples of cement and different quantities

of water until the reading on the gauge is *

to ,mm.

Results! :5press the amount of water as a

percentage of the weight of dry cement to

the first place of decimal.


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2.SON!NESS

oundness of cement is determined by 6e+;hatelier method as per I! 4"31 #$art 3%1'((.-pparatus & The apparatus for conducting the 6e+;hatelier test should conform to I!**14&1''

0alance/ whose permissible ariation at a load of 1"""g should be 1."g and ater bath.

Procedure to determine soundness of cement

i% $lace the mould on a glass sheet and fill it with the cement paste formed by gauging cement

with ".,( times the water required to gie a paste of standard consistency.

ii% ;oer the mould with another piece of glass sheet/ place a small weight on this coering glass

sheet and immediately submerge the whole assembly in water at a temperature of 2, < 2o; and

8eep it there for 24hrs.

iii% =easure the distance separating the indicator points to the nearest ".*mm #say d1%.

i% ubmerge the mould again in water at the temperature prescribed aboe. 0ring the water to

boiling point in 2* to 3" minutes and 8eep it boiling for 3hrs.

% 7emoe the mould from the water/ allow it to cool and measure the distance between the

indicator points

#sayd2%.

i% #d2& d1% represents the e5pansion of cement.


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".INITIA# AN! FINA# SETTIN$ TIME

we need to calculate the initial and final setting time as per I! 4"31 #$art *% & 1'((. To

do so we need )icat apparatus conforming to I! **13 & 1',/ 0alance/ whose permissible

ariation at a load of 1"""g should be 1."g/ auging trowel conforming to I! 1""( & 1'(2.

Procedure to determine initial and final setting time of cement

i% $repare a cement paste by gauging the cement with ".(* times the water required to

gie a paste of standard consistency.

ii% tart a stop+watch/ the moment water is added to the cement.

iii% Fill the )icat mould completely with the cement paste gauged as aboe/ the mould

resting on a non+porous plate and smooth off the surface of the paste ma8ing it leel with

the top of the mould. The cement bloc8 thus prepared in the mould is the test bloc8

.


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A%INITIALSETTINGTIME

$lace the test bloc8 under the rod bearing the needle. 6ower the needle gently in order to

ma8e contact with the surface of the cement paste and release quic8ly/ allowing it to

penetrate the test bloc8. 7epeat the procedure till the needle fails to pierce the test bloc8

to a point *." < ".*mm measured from the bottom of the mould. The time period elapsing

between the time/ water is added to the cement and the time/ the needle fails to pierce the

test bloc8 by *." < ".*mm measured from the bottom of the mould/ is the initial setting

time.

&% FINALSETTINGTIME

7eplace the aboe needle by the one with an annular attachment. The cement should be

considered as finally set when/ upon applying the needle gently to the surface of the test

bloc8/ the needle ma8es an impression therein/ while the attachment fails to do so. The

period elapsing between the time/ water is added to the cement and the time/ the needle

ma8es an impression on the surface of the test bloc8/ while the attachment fails to do so/

is the final setting time.

FINENESS

So we need to determine the fineness of cement by dry sieving as per IS: 4031

(Part 1) 1!"#he princip$e of this is that we determine the proportion of cement

whose grain si%e is $arger then specified mesh si%e"

#he apparat&s &sed are 0'm IS Sieve a$ance capab$e of weighing 10g to the

nearest 10mg * ny$on or p&re brist$e br&sh preferab$y with +, to 40mm brist$e

for c$eaning the sieve"

Sieve shown in pic be$ow is not the act&a$ 0'm seive"Its -&st for reference"


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Procedure to determine fineness of cement

i) .eigh appro/imate$y 10g of cement to the nearest 0"01g and p$ace it on the

sieve"

ii) *gitate the sieve by swir$ing p$anetary and $inear movements &nti$ no more fine

materia$ passes thro&gh it"

iii) .eigh the resid&e and e/press its mass as a percentage 1of the &antity first

p$aced on the sieve to the nearest 0"1 percent"

iv) 2ent$y br&sh a$$ the fine materia$ off the base of the sieve"

v) epeat the who$e proced&re &sing a fresh 10g samp$e to obtain +" #hen

ca$c&$ate as the mean of 1 and + as a percentage e/pressed to the nearest

0"1 percent" .hen the res&$ts differ by more than 1 percent abso$&te carry o&t a

third sieving and ca$c&$ate the mean of the three va$&es"

Results

eport the va$&e of to the nearest 0"1 percent as the resid&e on the 0'm sieve"

COM'RESSI(E STREN$T) OF *OO!

Aim+ To determine ;ompressie strength of wood at failure

Mate,ials and A--a,atus+

#a% Test samples of wood and metal fasteners

#b%>niersal testing machine

#c% =easuring tape


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',ocedu,e+

Step 1:=easure the dimensions of the wood sample.

Step :$osition the wood specimen under the cross+head of testing machine

#at the center%.

Step !:-pply the load till the specimen fails in compression.

Step ":?etermine the compressie strength of wood as @-pplied 6oadA

#cross+sectional area%B.

Step #:$resent the results.

Result+

The compressie strength of gien specimen is determined.


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