64
Eco-design and eco-optimization methodmethod
preamble:There exist three levels (from least intrusive to most intrusive)eco-qualification: ACV system defineseco-optimization: design of a system according to the LCA criteriaEco-design: design and simulation of a system of LCA criteria
by including parameters related to manufacturing (realization process / manufacturingassembly, ...) and deconstruction.
Classical Optimization65
c
vue de dessus
The problem :
- Identify the variables
a
3a
a
b.a
a
n1n2
2a
vue de face - Identify the variables- Make two objective functions- Formulate constraints
Data: U1=230V, U2=9V, f=50HzS=230 VA in steady state+ materials data (physical characteristics)
Formalism 66
4 variables
Formalisation
2 objectifs To minimizeTo minimize
3 constraints
Results 67
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5Config. qui minimise lObjectif N1 (dim. en mtre)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5Exemple de Config. compromis (dim. en mtre)
1 pt of operating
8 10 12 14 16 180
5
10
15
20Front de Pareto
Pertes totales (W)
Mas
se t
otal
e (k
g)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50
0.1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5Config. qui minimise lObjectif N2 (dim. en mtre)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50
0.1
Results 68
5
10
15
20
Mas
se t
otal
e (k
g)
Front de Pareto
8 10 12 14 16 180
20
40
60
80
100
120
Pertes totales (W)
Tem
pra
ture
s cu
ivre
=o
et f
er=
+
Tempratures
2Induction maximale CM (T)
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 180
Pertes totales (W)
8 10 12 14 16 180
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Pertes totales (W)
para
mt
res
a=o,
b=
*, c
=+
Variables optimises (m)
8 10 12 14 16 180
100
200
300
400
500
Pertes totales (W)Nom
bre
de s
pire
s pr
imai
re=
o se
cond
aire
=+ Nb spires primaire
b~0.5
c
a
n1
n2
8 10 12 14 16 180
0.5
1
1.5
Pertes totales (W)
Bm
en
T
Second example : PMSM69
we replace the slotted stator armature by a fictitious "smooth" equivalent generatingeven distribution of the tangential magnetic field:
( ) ( )tpcosAt,A LeffL w-g=g 2
e
effLeff R
I.NqA
p=
2
2
Aimants alterns
The average tangential magnetic force density is (TM):
The average electromagnetic torque:
2fMax
LeffnLnttB
.AB.AB.H ===s
( ) eefMaxLeffem RLR22
B.Ac p= rotorfMaxLeffem VB.A2c =
w=W= petaimantsnbp:quetelest)t(Asi L 2
Volume of rotor
Equivalent modelEquivalent model
Formalime
70
7 variables
2 objectifs to minimize
5 constraints
Rsultats 71 1 pt de fonct.
Eco-optimization in EI72
The main costs are considered: GER, GWP and raw materials
Life cycle energie (Eacv)73
PRG (GWP) (q. CO2)74
GWPprod
GWPmat
Approach75
Donnes (matriaux, cycle de fonctionnement, )
Modle multi physique
Performances et
Paramtres de design
ACV
Optimisation Performances et contraintes physiques
Impacts
convergencenon
Solutions optimales
Study cases76
3 study cases:- Single phase transformer- Actuator automation (asynchrone)- Standalone PV system- Standalone PV system
The first two are from the PhD thesis of VinentDebusschre (SATIE, 2009). The third case is the result of the PhD thesis of Yael Thiaux (SATIE, 2010)
Case 1 : transformer77
Cf. Thse V. Debusschre (satie)
Data
12V/230 V, 50 Hz Pnom=200 W
Results 79
Cf. Thse V. Debusschre (satie)
Optimal Structures80
Cf. Thse V. Debusschre (satie)
Influence of the operation time81
Cf. Thse V. Debusschre (satie)
Sensitivity to the type of conductor82
Cf. Thse V. Debusschre (satie)
Life cycle Efficiency83
Classical efficiency (operating efficiency) Life Cycle efficiency
Case 2 : Induction motor84
Cf. Thse V. Debusschre (satie)
Specifications85
Cmax=0.1 Nm
Torque imposed:
Modlization 86
Results (1/2)87
Cf. Thse V. Debusschre (satie)
Results (2/2) 88
Cf. Thse V. Debusschre (satie)
Case 3 : Standalone PV system89
Cf. Thse Y. Thiaux (satie)
Model of consumption (load)90
Cf. Thse Y. Thiaux (satie)
Models of other components91
Cf. Thse Y. Thiaux (satie)
MPPT converter
Load side converterPV model
Batterie model (Lead Acide type)
92
Optimization approach
Two criteria :
- Minimise the GER of system- Minimise the LLP service
Cf. Thse Y. Thiaux (satie)
93
LLP Service criteria
Cf. Thse Y. Thiaux (satie)
94
Cf. Thse Y. Thiaux (satie)
95
Cf. Thse Y. Thiaux (satie)
96
Results (1/3)
Cf. Thse Y. Thiaux (satie)
97
Results (2/3)
Cf. Thse Y. Thiaux (satie)
98
Results (3/3)
Cf. Thse Y. Thiaux (satie)
Bibliographie (1/3)99
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Bibliographie (3/3)101
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