Stem changing infinitives
Stem changing infinitives are named for what they do– change in the stem.
You are going to make some alteration of the stem before adding the verb endings.
You will use the endings you already know.
The hardest part of stem changers is knowing which ones change and which ones don’t.
Stem changers
There are 4 different ways a stem changing infinitive can change (4 categories).
The first is uue.
It is the smallest category with only one infinitive jugar = to play (sports)
Jugar = to play (sports)
Separate the stem and the infintive ending.
Jug- is the stem
Make the stem change uue
The new stem is jueg-
Put it in the conjugation box EXCEPT nosotros and vosotros.
Nosotros and Vosotros do not make the stem change.
Jugar = to play sports
Yo
Jueg-
Nosotros/as
Jug-
Tú
Jueg-
Vosotros/as
Jug-
Él
Ella jueg-
Ud.
Ellos
Ellas jueg-
Uds.Now just add the regular –ar endings.
Jugar = to play sports
Yo
Juego
Nosotros/as
Jugamos
Tú
Juegas
Vosotros/as
Jugáis
Él
Ella juega
Ud.
Ellos
Ellas juegan
Uds.
Stem changers
The second category is one of the largest.
It is oue.
Encontrar = to find is a stem changer.
It is the same steps as jugar.
Other examples include: acostar (to lie down), almorzar (to eat lunch), contar (to count), costar (to cost), devolver (to return something), dormir (to sleep), poder (can/to be able to), volver (to return)
Encontrar = to find
First separate the stem from the infinitive ending.
Encontr- is the stem.
Make the stem change oue
New stem encuentr-
Put into box– remember it will look like a boot… they are called boot verbs as well.
Stem changers
The third category is again large.
It is eie.
preferir = to prefer is a stem changer.
It is the same steps as jugar.
*When there is more than one vowel that could possible make the change, choose the vowel closest to the verb ending.
Other e ie verbs
Cerrar (to close), Comenzar (to begin), Despertar (to wake up), Divertir (to entertain/ amuse), Empezar (to begin), Entender (to understand), Pensar (to think), Perder (to lose), Querer (to want), Recomendar (to recommend)
Preferir = to prefer
First separate the stem from the infinitive ending.
prefer- is the stem.
Make the stem change eie
New stem prefier-
Put into box– remember it will look like a boot… they are called boot verbs as well.
Stem changers
The last category is a smaller one.
It is ei.
servir = to serve is a stem changer.
It is the same steps as jugar.
servir = to serve
First separate the stem from the infinitive ending.
serv- is the stem.
Make the stem change ei
New stem sirv-
Put into box– remember it will look like a boot… they are called boot verbs as well.
ei
There are some rules that can help you distinguish between e i and e ie.
In order to be e i, the infinitive must end in –ir. Now, that could be other categories as well, but –ar and –er cannot be e i .
MR C VeSPeRS is also a way to help if you are needing a pneumonic device.
MR. C VeSPeRS
M- medir (to measure)R – reír (to laugh)C – conseguir (To get/ to obtain)V – vestir(se) (to dress)S- servir (to serve)P – pedir (to ask for)R- repetir ( to repeat)S- seguir (to follow/ to continue)
E I Verbs
MR. C VeSPeRS does not include all the stem changers in this category. Another infinitive is Sonreír (to smile)
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