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CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities
(ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
13-14 November 2019
CONFERENCE VENUE The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild
House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore
Email:
https://eurasiaresearch.org
https://sshraevents.org/
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 2
Table of Content:
S. No. Particulars Page Numbers
1. Preface 3
2. Technical Committee 4-8
3. Keynote Speaker 9-10
4. List of Presenters 11-75
5. List of Listeners 75-76
6. Upcoming Conferences 76
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 3
Preface:
Social Science And Humanities Research Association (SSHRA) is a global group of scholars,
academicians and professionals from the field of Humanities and Social Sciences for
encouraging intellectual development and providing opportunities for networking and
collaboration. This association achieves its objective through academic networking, meetings,
conferences, workshops, projects, research publications, academic awards and scholarships.
The association is driven by the guidance of the advisory board members. Scholars,
Academicians, Professionals are encouraged to freely join SSHRA and become a part of this
association, working for benefit of academia and society through research and innovation.
For this conference around 85 Participants from around 17 different countries have submitted
their enteries for review and presentation.
SSHRA has now grown to 3355 followers and 8400 members from 45 countries.
Membership in our scholarly association SSHRA is completely free of cost.
List of members: https://sshraweb.org/membership/list-of-members/
Membership Application form link: http://sshraevents.org/membership?association=sshra
Proceedings is a book of abstracts, all the abstracts are published in our conference
proceedings a day prior to the conference.
You can get our conference proceedings at: https://sshraweb.org/conference/proceedings/
We hope to have an everlasting and long term friendly relation with you in the future.
In this context we would like to share our social media web links:
https://www.facebook.com/eurasiaresearch/
You will be able to freely communicate your queries with us, collaborate and interact with our
previous participants, share and browse the conference pictures on the above link.
Our mission is to make continuous efforts in transforming the lives of people around the
world through education, application of research & innovative ideas.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 4
Technical Committee:
Serial
No. Name Affiliation
1. Assoc Prof. Marek Matejun (President)
Department of Management, Faculty of Organization and Management, Lodz University of Technology, Poland
2. Dr. Joseph Lyall Wallis (VICE PRESIDENT)
Department of Management School of Business Administration,American University of Sharjah,Sharjah United Arab
3. Sorana Vătavu (VICE PRESIDENT)
Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
4. Mariko OKISHIO
Department of Creative, Lifestyle Management, Shohoku College, Kanagawa, Japan
5. Dr. Siriporn Dabphet Department of History, Faculty of Social Sciences, Srinakharinwirot University 114 Sukhumvit 23 Rd., Wattana, Bangkok. 10110 THAILAND
6. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru
Ph.D. in Philosophy; Ph.D. in Theology. Associate Professor – ‘Timotheus’ Brethren Theological Institute of Bucharest, Romania
7. Dr. AJULOR, Omoniyi Victor
Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria
8. Mr. Senian Malie Rasheeda Enterprise, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
9. Asst Prof. Taramol .K.G Assistant Professor of Economics in School of Business, Manipal University Dubai
10. Nalinnath Deesawadi Digital Communication Design, Silpakorn University International College, Silpakorn University International College, Bangkok, Thailand
11. Hajed Abdulhadi Alotaibi.
School Of Philosophy And Religion, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia, Banogr University, UK
12. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Paithoon Bhothisawang.
Department of Political science Faculty of Political Science and Law, Burapha University, Choburi, Thailand
13. Assist. Prof. Dr. Wasana Kaewla
Public Health program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Thailand
14. Pituwela Kankanamge Chamari Dinesha
Lecturer, Department of Marketing, Faculty of Management and Finance,Marketing, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
15. Onyejelem Ozioma Daniel Prince
Department Of International Public Policy, School Of Humanities And Social Sciences The University Of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Japan
16. Wong Kear Kyii
Department Of Education, Faculty Of Social Studies, University Of Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia
17. Iftekhar Amin Chowdhury
"Labuan Faculty of International Finance, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Labuan International Campus Jalan Sungai Pagar, Malaysia
18. Dr. Daphne pillai Principal, Pillai College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Dr. K.M. Vasudevan Pillai Campus 10, Sector 16, New Panvel, Navi
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 5
Mumbai – India
19. Dr. Srijana Pandey
Department of Community Medicine KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Imadol-6, Lalitpur, Nepal
20. Dr. Nurul Nisa Omar Program Leader / Lecturer, Department of Communication & Media Studies, School of Communication
21. Yip Mei Lo Chung Yuan Christian University, Graduate School of Religion, Taiwan
22. Reshma Sucheran Department Of Hospitality and Tourism Durban University Of Technology, Durban, South Africa
23. Jehangir Bharucha H R College of Commerce and Economics, Mumbai, India
24. Terek Milan Faculty Of Business Informatics, Faculty Of National Economy, University Of Economics In Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
25. Youri Oh School Of Business And Economics, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
26. Ulla Vesteri Faculty Of Arts And Social Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
27. Dr. Prof. Wei-Bin Zhang Professor at Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan
28. Asoc Prof. Cem Berk Associate Professor, Ph.D. of Finance, Department of Accounting Information Systems, School of Applied Sciences, Istanbul Arel University, Turkey
29. Dr. Kanaklata Tiwari Asst Prof at K J Somaiya College of Engineering, Vidyavihar Mumbai Universit, India
30. Abdel Rahman Mitib Altakhaineh
Assistant Professor of English Language and Linguistics, English Language Department, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, UAE
31. Dr. Smitha Dev Assistant Professor of Psychology, Psychology Course Coordinator, University College, Abu Dhabi University, UAE
32. Eglantina Farruku Part Time Lecturer, Epoka University, Albania
33. Li Sui Sum, Bosco The University of Hong Kong, Master of Philosophy (Linguistics), Hong Kong
34. Michele Awilan Jaymalin-Dulay
Doctor of Philosophy, Major Organization Development and Planning, School Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bayombong, Philippines
35. Marco António Batista Martins
Department Of Economics, School Of Social Sciences, Evora University, Evora, Portugal
36. Marcela Ganea Department of Management, Lecturer, Artifex University of Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania
37. Assist.Prof.Dr.Orathai Piayura
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
38. Prof Theophilus T Mukhuba
Associate Professor in English, North-west University, Mafikeng, South Africa
39. Asst. Prof. Dr. Abdelhak Senadjki
Head of Programme (Postgraduate), Faculty of Business and Finance Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
40. Low Sew Kim Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology & Counselling Faculty of Arts & Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 6
41. May Kristin Vespestad Associate professor, Ph.D., School of Business and Economics Campus Harstad, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
42. Miguel Sousa Santos
Faculty of Philology and Translation, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
43. María Florencia Rubiolo
Associate Professor of International Relations History, Faculty of Political, Science and International Relations, Córdoba Catholic University, Argentina
44. Marco António Baptista Martins
Assistant Professor, Ph.D in International Relations, Head to the B.A. in International Relations, Vice-head to the M.A. in International Relations and European Studies. Centre of Research in Political Science (CICP), (researcher, Integrated) Orient Institute (IO), ISCSP, Institute of Social and Political Sciences (researcher) University of Évora, Department of Economics, Évora, Portugal
45. ‘ Karen v. Rendeza Guidance counselor II, Malolos Marine Fishery School and Laboratory, Balite, City of Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines
46. Boonshan Sangfai Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University, Bangkok
47. Dr. Jari Martikainen Ph.D. (Art History), M.Ed., M.A. Lecturer of Visual Culture Studies, Ingman College of Crafts and Design, Finland
48. Petro Van der Merwe Associate Professor: Department of Psychology, University of South Africa, South Africa
49. Prof. Zvi C. Koren Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Director, The Edelstein Center for the Analysis of Ancient Artifacts Shenkar College of Engineering, Design and Art, Israel
50. Cell Dilon Associate Director of English Studies, Stamford International University, Thailand
51. DR. FAHIMI ALI Lecture, School of Business, Wellington Institute of Technology, New Zealand
52. Dr. Khalid Bin Abdul Wahid
Faculty of Information Management,Department of Information System Maagement, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kelantan Branch, Malaysia
53. Dr Mohammed Al Bhadily
Sessional Academic, Business law and Occupational Health and Safety law, Curtin Law School, Curtin University.
54. Assist. Prof. Alexandru Maxim
Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Loan Cuza University of Lasi, Romania
55. Ágnes Csiszárik-Kocsir habil
Keleti Faculty on Business and Management,Óbuda University,Budapest, Hungary
56. Amna Tariq Lecturer of English Language and Literature, Institute of Cultural and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Pakistan
57. HANDOKO LIMAHO Department of Business, Faculty of Management,University of Pelita Harapan,Jakarta, Indonesia
58. Helle Sorensen Professor of Travel and Tourism Management Metropolitan State University, Denver, Colorado, USA
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 7
59. Kenneth Lee Professor of Asian Religions, Department of Religious Studies California State University, Northridge, CA
60. Frederick "Ken" Sexe,
Ph.D., PEM, PMP, Quantitative Studies Adjunct Faculty College of Online and Continuing Education Southern New Hampshire University
61. Majd J. Hammoudeh Student, Doctoral School of Sociology,Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Hungary
62. Mohammad Al-Badarneh
PhD, Dean Assistant for Quality Assurance , Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Yarmouk University/Jordan
63. Dr. Anna Czyż Doctor of Philosophy in Pedagogy, University of Lower Silesia in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
64. Siow Hui Sian Lecturer, University of Reading Malaysia (JB), Johor, Malaysia
65. Victoria Dunaeva
Chairperson, Researcher, Clinical Psychologist in “Activus Aspectus – Innovative Laboratory”, Warsaw, Poland
66. Pavlína Látková Associate Professor, Internship Coordinator, Recreation, Parks & Tourism Department, San Francisco State University, California
67. Agnieszka Iłendo-Milewska
PhD. Agnieszka Iłendo-Milewska psychologist, Private University of Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Bialystok, Poland
68. Muslim Roka Department of English, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Thailand
69. Alberto D. Yazon, Ph.D.
Associate Professor I Laguna State Polytechnic University, Los Banos Campus, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines
70. Maria Rebecca Campos Affiliate Faculty, Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
71. Muhammad-Kamran Lecturer Business and Law LLM (Corporate law), MBA, MA marketing and Innovation, IQA and PGDip., University of Sunderland, London Campus United Kingdom
72. Dr. Liptak Katalin Associate Professor, Head of Department, Department of Labour Market and Employment Policy, Institute of World and Regional Economics, University of Miskolc, Faculty of Economics, Hungary
73. Alan Mulvey Assistant Professor, Faculty of International English, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, Japan
74. Roland Csizmazia Associate professor, Kwangwoon University, Glocal Education Center, Seoul, South Korea
75. Simona Bălășescu Lecturer, Transilvania University of Braşov, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Braşov, Romania
76. Octavian-Dragomir Jora Associate Professor, Ph.D. The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, Founder &Editor-in-Chief The Market for Ideas, www.themarketforideas.com
77. Jayganesh Dawosing Lecturer, Department of Bhojpuri, Folklore & Oral Traditions Mahatma Gandhi Institute, Moka, Mauritius
78. José Palmeira Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations and Public Administration, the University of Minho, Portugal
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 8
79. Arthur McNeill Faculty (MA TESL), Global Citizenship/Languages, Webster University Thailand
80. Kristina Francis Lecturer, Department of Languages and Linguistics, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Malaysia
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 9
KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Dr Anna Czyż PhD
Doctor of Philosophy in Pedagogy, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Faculty
of Education, Institute of Special Needs Education
Topic: Selected determinants of teachers’ attitudes towards the idea of open
education for disabled pupils
Adjunct professor, audiophonologist: speech therapist, hearing care professional,
Surdopedagogue. Psychologist.
Author of monographs and over 50 scientific articles published in Polish and international
journals.
The beneficiary of staff exchange programs Charles University in Prague (2015, 2016),
University of Barcelona in Spain (2017), University of Lisboa (2018). Visiting Researcher in
North – West University, Republic of South Africa and Ivan Franko National University of
Lviv, Ukraine. Delegate, keynote speaker and session chair of the conference i.a in Bulgaria,
Latvia, Thailand, Australia, United Arab Emirates, Roma and Prague. The head of national
and international projects.
Research interests are concentrated around the problem of development supporting of
disabled people, biopsychosocial functioning of persons with hearing impaired especially for
alternative and augmentative forms communication. An important part of the scientific
work is devoted to the subject of social inclusion of disabled people and early intervention
for children with developmental problems.
Currently conducted research:
Subjective determinants of coping with the stress of people with hearing impairment
Social distance towards diversity (in collaboration with Beit-Berl College, Mofet Institute,
Israel)
Teachers’ attitude towards the idea of inclusive education (in collaboration with North-West
University, Edu-Hright Unit, Republic of South Africa)
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 10
KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Dr. Sachin Gupta
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Mohanlal
Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Topic: Entrepreneurship and MSMEs
His professional activities include roles as Associate Editor, Editorial Board Member, Advisory Board
Member and Reviewer for many Journals and Conferences. He has been invited as Chief Guest/Resource
Person/Keynote Plenary speaker in many reputed universities and colleges. His sincere and committed efforts
received applause from eminent personalities including MHRD and AICTE Chairman. Dr Gupta has been
awarded by Best Poster Presentation Award of the Conference held at School of Rural Management, IIHMR
Jaipur Titled, “Livelihood Challenges in a Globalizing India.” He has also been awarded Best Paper
Presentation Award for the Paper Entitled “Ethics and E-Commerce Industry in India: A Review” in the
National Seminar on Education for Enhancing Ethics & Excellence on 11th-12th January 2015, Organized by
Faculty of Management Studies, Pacific University, Udaipur (Rajasthan).
He has written more than 50 Research Papers in ISSN/ISBN Numbered Journals and has presented papers in
more than 25 National and International Conferences and Seminars. He has also contributed chapters for
various edited books.
Dr Gupta has authored various books of national and international repute.He is continuously engaged in
Research work. His current research interest is the investigation of the practical application and utility of
Management Theories in the Indian context. Dr Gupta has directed a number of Research Project works in
different areas of Management. Along with being a good academician Dr Gupta has handled various
assignments successfully and made exemplary contributions through his dedicated committed and innovative
approach with high integrity.
His expertise lies in General Management & Business Studies. His core subjects are Finance,
Entrepreneurship & Innovation, Business & Corporate Laws, Industrial Relations Laws, Business Ethics and
Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Governance, Corporate Strategy, Marketing Research &
Analytical Marketing etc. Prior to joining Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur Dr. Gupta has served as
Associate Professor & Head, Chairperson-Doctoral Research in JECRC University, Jaipur (Rajasthan),
Assistant Professor & Programme- Coordinator MBA-Executive FMS-The IIS University, Jaipur, visiting
faculty in University-Commerce College, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, visiting faculty in PTU (Master
Somnath Technical College) for B.Sc and M.Sc Hotel Management Students
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 11
PRESENTERS
Milano Carlitos
Magsaysay
ERCICSSH1924051
Diverse Attachment Between Humans and Robots
Althea Casilla
Lorma Colleges Basic Education Schools, La Union, Philippines
Sophia Gamboa
Lorma Colleges Basic Education Schools, La Union, Philippines
Matthew Gois
Lorma Colleges Basic Education Schools, La Union, Philippines
Bryan Macalanda
Lorma Colleges Basic Education Schools, La Union, Philippines
Milano Magsaysay
Lorma Colleges Basic Education Schools, La Union, Philippines
Cristen Tolentino
Lorma Colleges Basic Education Schools, La Union, Philippines
Abstract
Robotics throughout the years, it has become a foundation that continues to opens doors to many
opportunities that lead to a greater impact in our society. Therefore it is a must to understand the
capabilities of both humans and robots creating a co-operative relationship between them that can
strengthen the bond. The main goal of our study is to be able to spread awareness on how robots or
automatons can give us an advantage in life, how it can assist us in the things we need to do,
especially towards the minority: those who have special needs that can possibly be catered by
robots. The theoretical framework is based on how a robot’s behavior can be evaluated by
comparing it to another entity which is also capable of social interaction, which, in this case, are
PWDs. The process we used for Data Procedures are using Coding, Thematization and
Triangulation.With the data gathered by the researchers, functions and applications of robotics
among people with disability were analyzed. The Human Robot Interaction among the perspective
of PWD’s such as its relationship and challenges of integration were also effective as it gives them a
keen understanding that this could also benefit and help them whether, physically and mentally. We
researchers conclude that the process of the interview conducted gave an opportunity to discover
and understand the certain aspects concerning the PWD’s. With this, it serves as a foundation that
continues to develop and open doors to many opportunities that lead to a greater impact in our
society.
Sooin Choi
ERCICSSH1924053
Religion Working in Politics: A Historical Analysis of Protestantism's Evolution as a Social
Mobilizer in South Korea
Sooin Choi
School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
Abstract
This paper analyzes the manner in which religion seeks to engage with global challenges by
examining the theological responses to the socio-political crises in the South Korean history. It
attempts to explain how Protestant Christianity’s direct engagement with political difficulties in
Korea transformed Protestantism into a resilient social force. By analyzing religious discourse
alongside secondary research, I argue that South Koreans adopted Christianity as an alternative
narrative that provided them with an identity of resistance and a means of social amelioration. The
role of Protestantism in Korea in addressing political changes can be seen most acutely during two
time periods: (1) the Japanese intervention from 1911 to 1945; and (2) South Korean government’s
oppression during the 1960s and 1970s. While the theological engagements from different time
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 12
periods oscillated between full-fledged theologies to simple theological responses, both demonstrate
how Protestantism serves as a powerful social mobilizer during times of heightened political
difficulties. Through the case of South Korea, this paper reveals that neglecting the role of religion
can only provide a partial understanding of political deliberations in the public sphere surrounding
global challenges.
Chu Chun Huang
ERCICSSH1924055
Using Service Experience to Develop a Digital Platform for Promoting Quemoy Overseas Chinese
Hometown Culture
Chu Chun Huang
Department of Tourism Management, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan
Abstract
This research aims to develop a digital platform to promote the Quemoy overseas Chinese
hometown culture and features for the young people in terms of multi-disciplines integration such
as tourism, service design, user’s experience study. The results are expected to be benefit to enrich
the recognition of the relationship between Quemoy overseas Chinese hometown and the countries
of new southbound policy as well as to uncover the opportunity of using design as the bridge
connecting digital technology for tourism and the value of local humanities.
The overall research is a tri-phasic process including: exploration –problem identification,
development – system establishment. The exploration phrase will use expert interview and focus
group to reveal the features and contents of Quemoy overseas Chinese hometown, and uncover the
young people’s expectation and preference of surfing the current websites related to Quemoy
overseas Chinese hometown, as well as the opportunity to improve the promotion using digital
technology. In the development phrase, the digital platform will be establishment according to the
results found from the first phrase. Participatory design method will be applied by which the
experts from tourism, design, interactive technology and humanities will be recruited as well as the
students from various disciplines. The results could be used in directing the further work in
promoting such a culture and features as the base to enrich the tourism business of new southbound
policy.
Keywords: Quemoy, Overseas Chinese Hometown, Service Design, Digital Platform
Dr. Christopher Udofia
ERCICSSH1924056
Are Leaders Born or Made? A Disquisition on the Trait and Christological Paradigms of
Leadership
Dr. Christopher Udofia
Department Of Philosophy, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria
Abstract
The scientific study of leadership actually begun in the 20th Century, though, the word “leader” has
been in public lexicon since the 1300s. In spite of the fact that people have exhibited leadership in
various climes and times, the development of scientific understanding of leadership was actually
initiated with the emergence and evolution of the different theories of leadership. The Trait and the
Christological models of Leadership which constitute the subject of our examination are some of the
paradigms propounded to explain the concept of leadership. The trait model of leadership avers
that the possession of certain innate traits is what qualifies for leadership, hence a person is
potentially a leader if he or she is born with some predisposing traits. The Christological model, in
the alternative, posits that a leader is made via serving as a servant. Thus, leadership in the
Christological model is synonymous with servanthood. The prime foci of this paper include doing a
thorough discursive unveiling of the tenets of these leadership models and subsequently subjecting
those tenets through the anvil of philosophical scrutiny so as to test their reasonableness in the light
of philosophical disquisition.
Keywords: Leadership, Traits, Christological, Model, Disquisition
Sarah Jane Zaragoza
ERCICSSH1924057
Occupational Health Hazards among Teaching Community- A Questionnaire based Survey
Sarah Jane Zaragoza
Department of Education, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Lourdes College Cagayan, De Oro City,
Philippines
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 13
Abstract
Teachers’ role is inevitable in spreading knowledge to pupils. These noble professionals are not
exceptional to occupational hazards. Thus, this present study will deal with the occupational health
hazards among teachers. This is descriptive in nature and has four main objectives: (i)
determined the factors that influenced the type of tasks performed by teachers, (ii) the occupational
health hazards they encountered- specifically vocal, physical and psychological hazards with
respect to their workplaces, (iii) the working conditions that exacerbated workers exposure, and
(iv) their management of health problems. A random sampling technique will be employed in the
selection of primary and secondary school teachers in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. The data
will be gathered using a survey instrument to examine the prevalence of symptoms related to
their occupation like dysphonia, vocal fatigue ,oral paresthesia and consistent incidence of voice
symptoms like tired, weak voice. Furthermore, physical symptoms like cervical spondylitis,
varicosis, back pain, pink eye infection/ conjunctivitis, dryness of hands, atopic dermatitis, and
contact dermatitis will also be observed. Thus, this study may recommend to strengthen the
utilization of information and communication technologies, use of collar microphone, time
lapse between lecture periods and workload of teachers to minimize the impact of
occupational health hazards among teachers. In addition, this study will give comparison on the
occurrence and management of occupational health hazards among teacher in private primary and
secondary schools.
Keywords: Teachers, Occupational Health Hazards, and Management
Uba Isaac Andiyawa
ERCICSSH1924058
Spatial Distribution and Outreach of the Bank of Agriculture in Borno State of Nigeria
Uba Isaac Andiyawa
Department of Geography, Federal University Gashua,Yobe, Nigeria
Jajere, Ibrahom Ahmed
Department of Geography, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria
Abstract
Bank of Agriculture (BOA) stands the largest rural development finance institutions in Nigeria.
Reaching the less privileged groups with micro credit to empower them is a priority objective of the
bank. As spatial differences and negligence in development appears to be one of the causes of strife
in the society, this paper therefor examines the spatial distribution of the BOA branches, its
microcredit outreach and possible implication in Borno State.
The study was delimited by insecurity to only ten out of sixteen Local Government Areas (LGAs)
spatially served by the BOA out of the total twenty seven LGAs of Borno state.
Data were primarily obtained through interview with the BOA officials and through questionnaire
administration on the beneficiaries. Secondary data were extracted from official documents of the
BOA and from related books and papers. Analytical tables and a descriptive map were used to
expound the data.
The findings revealed that BOA branches and their spatial coverage are biased towards Borno
South and Central at the negligence of Borno North Senatorial Zone. It also revealed that social
impediment constitutes the majority of the less privileged which the implication of neglecting such
large able population could be restiveness and strife in the state.
Recommendations are made for extension of BOA branches and services to the Borno North
Senatorial Zone. It is also recommended for other studies to verify the spatial distribution and
outreach of other rural development strategies launched in the state. The results may enable
generalization about correlation between spatial negligence in development and restiveness and
societal strife.
Keywords: Biased, Less-privileged, Restiveness, Spatial, Strife
Ijeoma Chidiebere
Samuel
ERCICSSH1924059
Language & Literature Aspanacea For Cultural Realignment: The Case Of French
Ijeoma Chidiebere Samuel
Department of French, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Abstract
The contributions of a language and its literature cannot be over-emphasized in any given society.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 14
Based on this fact, this paper tends to re-awaken the cultural values of our people (Africa) from
oblivion and the Francophone Africans cannot be left out in this move. The roles of the Modern
European languages like; English and French inherited by Africa should be better appreciated in
this regard. That is also one of the interests of the research. The study affirms that the arrival of
French language and its literature in the francophone African world imprinted a lot of cultural
(literary and linguistic) values in the continent. This in no small way has given our francophone
brothers a common cultural inclination and effected a total overhaul of their society. Obviously, the
positivity that accompanied the arrival of French language and culture into Africa is accentuated in
this study. The paper therefore concludes that the contact Africa had with European Cultural
values has added more meaning to the existing African Culture (linguistic and literary) and
catapulted the continent to a height that needs to be appreciated.
Keywords: Language, Literature, Overhaul, Culture
Herbert Batta
ERCICSSH1924060
Perception of Emerging Science in the Digital Age Among Communication Students,University of
Uyo, Nigeria
Herbert E. Batta, Ph. D
Department of Communication Arts, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Abstract
Some solutions to development problems which stymie development reside in science, technology
and innovation. While developing countries such as Nigeria are struggling with implementing STI
polices mainly involving the conventional sciences; new, advanced, and ultra innovative forms of
STI better known as emerging science and technology have developed and settled upon the horizon
in advanced countries. Currently, no research data exists on the extent of emerging STI research
and practice in Nigeria talk less of the knowledge and awareness science communication students
have of it. Knowledge, awareness and use of STI as development catalysts are necessary for societal
progress. Therefore, as future purveyors of development information, science communication
students are significant factors in the public learning, appreciation, understanding and utilisation of
STI. This research gap necessitates the following research questions: (a) to what extent are science
communication students, University of Uyo, Nigeria aware of emerging science? (b) To what extent
are the students knowledgeable about emerging science and technology? (c) How do the students
obtain information about emerging science and technology? This interrogation is hinged on the
theory of diffusion of innovation and adopts a survey of about 300 Communication Arts
undergraduates of the University of Uyo. The survey is supported by in-depth interviews of a
purposive sample of class representatives to uncover deep rationales beneath survey responses.
Data obtained would be described and analysed statistically and qualitatively and predict the
readiness of the students to report, cover and frame innovative science and technologies in the
future. Recommendations would be made on the basis of the findings and conclusions.
Keywords: Innovative Science and Technology, Science communication, Survey Research
Jia Niu
ERCICSSH1924061
Analysis of the Risk Factors of Campus Bully
Jia Niu
Bellevue High School, Bellevue, WA, USA
Abstract
Bully has been a increasingly overwhelming problem among American teenagers. According to
stopbullying.gov, bulling behaviors must be aggressive and include “An Imbalance of Power, and
Repetition. 3In 2016, more than 20% of students in the country report being bullied. Due to the
rising awareness about bullying, the federal government started to collect data about bullying
among students since 2005. 2 Bullying can come in a various of shapes and forms. In general, it can
be categorized into direct (bullying that took place while the victim is present) and indirect
(bullying that took place when the victim is absent from the scene). Alternatively, bullying can also
be categorized into physical, verbal, relational (efforts to harm the reputation or relationship of the
victim), and damage to property. Bullying can cause devastating consequences towards the victim.
Studies have found that bullying victimization has a strong positive correlation with mental
disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Socially, bullying victim are more likely to experience
reduced academic performance, loneliness, and suicidal ideation. Needless to say, majority of
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bullying victim will also experience sever physical injury.
In this study, we aim to examine bullying data collect among high school students and build a
logistic model to investigate the risk factors.
Millicent Nwamaka
Ogenyi
ERCICSSH1924063
Political Development and the use of Information Communication Technology( ICT) for Peaceful
Elections
Millicent Nwamaka Ogenyi
Political Science, Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu, Nigeria
Abstract
Political development dwells on the emergence of national sovereignty and the integrity of the state,
demanding respect and upholding commitments in the international system. The domestic attribute
of the political stability attained through the formation of a settled framework of government,
reliable procedures for leadership succession and a consolidation of the territorial administrative
reach of government institution which can only be attained with the help of ICT; otherwise the
nation shall be at a standstill. The researcher critically pinpointed the importance of ICT in political
development of which any government that fails to recognize it wallows in shamble. The promotion
of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the area of exercising franchise (E – voting)
for credible election and also good governance was not left out, the paper stressed more on the value
of ICT in the development of any nation as it will boost the economy, provide employment, restore
peace and above all eradicate youth political violence, cyber crime, terrorism, poverty eradication
which had become a menace in the developing countries.
Keywords: Political Development, ICT, Political Violence, E-Voting, Cyber Crime, Terrorism,
Poverty Eradication
Revina Mendoza
ERCICSSH1924064
Influence of Self-Discipline and Motivation to Academic Performance: The Case of College
Students
Dr. Revina Ortizano-Mendoza
Teacher Education Faculty/Dean of Student Affairs, Lourdes College, Cagayan de Oro City
Philippines
Abstract
The ability of the students to monitor and control their behaviors is essential for them to have a
better focus in attaining their goals in terms of their academic performance. This study was
primarily undertaken to determine if self-discipline and motivation influenced the academic
performance in terms of the Grade Point Average (GPA) among college students. The study was
conducted in a higher education institution (HEI) using a descriptive-correlational design involving
ninety-eight (98) students enrolled during Summer 2019. Descriptive Statistics such as frequency,
percentage, mean and standard deviation and Inferential Statistics particularly Pearson Product
Moment Correlation were utilized in organizing the data. The study revealed that the participants
had very good self-discipline, had high motivation and had very good academic performance.
Furthermore, it was found out that both self-discipline and motivation significantly influenced the
academic performance of the participants. The study points the need for the Student Services Office
specifically under the Guidance Program to sustain its intervention activities to fully develop these
skills.
Keywords: Self-Discipline, Motivation, Academic Performance
Rinta Azzahrah
The Effect of Deep Acting, Surface Acting, Customer Orientation, and Emotional Exhaustion
Towards Service Employee Creativity at Rumah Sakit Ibu Dan Anak Harapan Kita (Rsab), Jakarta
Rinta Az’zahrah
Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Sarfilianty Anggiani
Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
This study explores the impact Deep Acting, Surface Acting, Customer Orientation and Emotional
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ERCICSSH1924065 Exhaustion on Service Employee Creativity at Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta. Independent
variable on this research is Deep Acting, Surface Acting, Customer Orientation, Emotional
Exhaustion and Service Employee Creativity as depedent variable. This research uses field research
by distributing questionnaires Non Random Purposive Sampling involving 100 employees of
Harapn Kita Hospital, Jakarta. The analysis tools in this research is multiple regression with
version SPSS 25.0. The results of this study there is impact of deep acting, surface acting, customer
orientation and emotional exhaustion on service employee creativity. From the results of this study
it is recommended that managers should give more freedom to employees in displaying a feeling of
service that focuses on culture and the regulation is a habit that is still in a stage that is in
accordance with the needs of patients and does not subscribe to company rules
Keywords: Deep Acting, Surface Acting, Customer Orientation, EmotionaL Exhaustion, and
Service Employee Creativity
Siti Aulia Safirananda
ERCICSSH1924066
The Impact of Motivation and Staffing on Employee Performance at Indonesia Central Bank
Branch Banten Province
Siti Aulia Safirananda
Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Sarfilianty Anggiani
Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
The objective of the empirical study is to examine and to analyse the impact of motivation and
staffing on employe performance at Indonesia Central Bank branch Banten Province. Independent
variable on this research is moral motives, material motives, social service and staffing, and also
employee performance as depedent variable. This research uses field research by distributing
questionnaires involving population of 50 employees in branch Banten Province. The analysis tools
in this research is multiple regression with version SPSS 24.0 The results of this study showed that
1) there was no impact of moral motives on employee performance, 2) there was no impact material
motives on employee performance, 3) there was a positive impact of social service on employee
performance, 4) and there was a positive impact staffing on employee performance. The implication
for managers is the need to increase motivation and staffing to improve employee performance.
Keywords: Moral Motives, Material Motives, Social Service, Staffing, And Employee Performance
Nobpanun
Treeyutwattana
ERCICSSH1924068
+
Orapan Pangkaew
ERCICSSH1924068
The Problems of the Gender Equality Act in Thailand: Equality That Does Not Truly Exist
Nobpanun Treeyutwattana
Lecturer in Law, Faculty of Integrated Social Sciences, Department of Law,Khon Kaen University,
Nong Khai Campus, Thailand
Orapan Pangkaew
Lecturer in law at Faculty of Integrated Social Sciences, Department of Law, Khon Kaen
University, Nong Khai Campus, Thailand
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of the Gender Equality Act 2015 of the
Kingdom of Thailand that are the impediments to establishing gender equality in practice.
Although Thailand launched the Gender Equality Act with the good intention to produce equality
for men, women and LGBTQI people in Thai society, such law cannot be used effectively because of
4 problems. The most important one is that article 17 allows government agencies and any
individual to discriminate by gender based on the grounds of religious principles or national
security. This exemption opens way for gender inequality in the society. Another one is that article
18 provides conditions that impede effective implementation of the law. Moreover, the law has only
legal punishments for people who violate this act. It does not have supportive measures to
encourage people in the society to understand and accept gender diversity. Last but not least, the
working procedures of the gender equality promotion committee are not clear, therefore, this
committee cannot work effectively to promote gender equality in Thailand. After understanding the
problems mentioned above, this paper will propose solutions to tackle such issues.
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Mohammed Mamun
Or Rashid
ERCICSSH1924069
Declining Foreign Funds for NGOs and Careers of Field Workers in Bangladesh
Mohammed Mamun Or Rashid
PhD Candidate, Department of Social Work, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
(USM), Penang, Malaysia
Declining Foreign Funds for NGOs and Careers of Field Workers in Bangladesh
Abstract
NGOs (Non-governmental Organizations) activities have virtually grown into a movement in
Bangladesh and eventually playing a very significant role in the nation’s development process. This
article looks at the field-workers employed by local NGOs in Bangladesh. The main objective of this
paper is to find out funding pattern, project continuation and their effects on the careers of field
workers. Total 50 respondents were randomly selected from 10 local NGOs of Rajshahi City
Corporation Area (in the north-western part of Bangladesh). It was found that foreign funding for
NGOs had been declining in Bangladesh due to its transformation to middle-income economy. A
large number of field-based workers lost their jobs from local NGOs due to fund crisis. Current
development workers were worried about their job. Their lives and livelihoods were at risk. Local
NGOs have been playing a vital role in the country's socio-economic development, especially in
health, education, microfinance and women development. Services of field workers are still very
much needed.
Keywords: Bangladesh, Career, Field-Workers, Foreign Fund, Local Ngos, Well-Being
Diane Pulvera
ERCICSSH1924073
Filipino Big Bang Fandom: Online Communities, Identity Construction, and Fandom Activities
Diane Pulvera
Arts and Humanities,Arts and Humanities, Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila,
Philippines
Abstract
Fandom produces specific subcultures, which American media scholar Henry Jenkins described as
something that cuts across traditional geographic and generational boundaries. The study focuses
on how Filipino BIGBANG fans (VIPPH) form an online identity.
The study is qualitative in nature and uses Netnography (mixed ethnography) as its research design.
Online participant observation, offline in-depth interview, and Hermeneutics (method of
interpretation) are used as research methods to determine how fandom practices, activities, and
online discussions affect the cultural identity construction of VIPPH.
Findings reveal that VIPPH likely construct their online identity through Facebook discussions and
fandom activities. This study introduces a subculture that involves the new generation of Filipinos.
Moreover, modern cultural activities are observed and discussed to understand the growing
popular culture in the Philippines.
Keywords: BIGBANG, Facebook, Filipino, Identity Construction, K-Pop
Asu Ugama Anoke
ERCICSSH1924075
A Comparative Analysis of The Practice of Human Right in Colonial and Post Colonial Zimbabwe
Asu Ugama Anoke
Department of History, Ebonyi State College of Education, Ikwo, Nigeria
Abstract
Zimbabwe was one of the many colonies of Britain. It was formally known as Rhodesia. She had
been under the leadership of president Robert Mugabe under a political party known as ZANU PF.
Since independence, the country has been structured in such a way that there was no room for
opposition. Everything ventured around president Mugabe. In a critical view of human right
practice in colonial and post colonial Zimbabwe. One can clearly state that, while the colonial state
of Zimbabwe practiced racial discrimination, a situation where the natives were not allowed to
participate in the government and were also reserved to a particular place. Their fundamental
human right were preserved. For instance, right to life, dignity etc. while the post colonial
Zimbabwe under the leadership of president Robert Mugabe and his ZANU-PF party, citizens’
right were deprived as many were fortuned, others killed just because they called for true practice
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of democracy and human rights. Crime against a particular ethnic group, race were committed.
Many were discriminated because of their race or group. The post colonial Zimbabwe was more
difficult than the colonial era.
Carlo Jake Martin
ERCICSSH1924076
Love And Laughter: The Abs-Cbn Film Archives in the Context of Filipino Romantic Comedy
Conventions
Carlo Jake D. Martin
The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Quezon City, Philippines
Abstract
For over a century, cinema held a special place in the hearts of Filipinos. The nation’s propensity
for romance paved the way for the emergence of Filipino romantic comedy as among the popular
genres in the local entertainment industry. With ticket sales almost reaching ₱5 billion in gross, the
trend and demand for romantic comedy movies in the country shows no signs of slowing down
(Philtre, 2017). The latest data culled from the ABS-CBN Film Archives also revealed that the
aforementioned genre enjoyed a robust 347 percent production growth, with 17 films in 2000s, to 76
movies in 2010 until the last quarter of 2018. That being said, the growing increase of Filipino
romantic comedy movies proves that something worth examining lies within its surface
(Kaklamanidou, 2013).
This thesis aimed to unravel the conventions of romantic comedy as a distinct Filipino and/or
appropriated genre, and how it developed through time. By using Rick Altman’s (1999)
Semantic/Syntactic Approach to Film Genre as a framework, six Pinoy ‘rom-coms’ are examined
according to its form and function. The rom-coms under scrutiny are: Ang Daigdig Ko’y Ikaw
(1965), Kung Mangarap Ka’t Magising (1977), Dear Heart (1981), May Minamahal (1993), Got 2
Believe (2002), and Starting Over Again (2014).
Also, in light of the centennial anniversary of Philippine cinema, this thesis endeavored to shift the
focus on film archives and delves deeper into its potential as a concept lab for future researches on
film history and film per se. Using Jussi Parikka’s Media Archaeology (2013), this research
surveyed the recurring genres of surviving Filipino films deposited in the ABS-CBN Film Archives.
The ABS-CBN Film Archives is considerably the “de facto national film archive” (as cited in Chua,
2017) as it houses a humungous collection of over 2,400 classic and contemporary Filipino films
(Atienza, 2015). The archival data showed that the action genre garnered the most number of
produced films (with a total of 1304 titles), followed by drama (1238 titles) and comedy (809 titles).
Meanwhile, science-fiction and animation films have the least number of films, with only 3 and 2
titles, respectively.
By putting these elements in parallel lines provide profound description of Filipino film genre’s
history and development.
Keywords: Film Genre, Film Archives, Historiography, Media Archaeology, Semantic/Syntactic,
Archival Studies, Genre Studies, Philippine Cinema, Filipino Romantic Comedy
Tertsea Joseph Ikyoive
ERCICSSH1924084
The Impact of Social Media on African Value Systems: A Many Angled Scrutiny
Tertsea Ikyoive
Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Ayub Sheik
Associate Professor, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Abstract
The advent of the social media especially in Africa over the past two decades have impacted a lot on
the African value systems. This paper takes a many angled scrutiny on how social media sites like
Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram have influenced the way Africans communicate and interact
with themselves. The paper draws its analysis from a socio-cultural perspective and questions how
social media is gradually reshaping notions of African value systems by promoting a global culture
of individualism and cultural intolerance. The paper asserts that, African users of social media
especially the youths have abandoned such value systems like respect for elders, honour and
communal ethos. The paper concludes that, Africans can take advantage of social media but must
not be influenced by any social media culture. Rather, attention should be given towards promoting
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an African identity in the social space while still remaining an authentic African.
Keywords: Social Media, Africa, African Value System And Culture
Asitha Prabhath
Mallawaarachchi
ERCICSSH1924087
Communication Meaning and Inter - Cultural Characteristics of Gesture Communication
Asitha Prabhath Mallawaarachchi
Lecturer, Department of Humanities, Sri Lanka Rajarata University, Mihinthale, Sri Lanka
Abstract
Non-verbal communication can be identified in traditional society. Methods of non-verbal
communications are studied in this research and basically a deep study was done regarding hand
gestures. Attention was given for three subject areas in this research. Basic objective of this
research is to identify hand gestures in iconology and dancing and identifying communication
meanings of hand gestures as a sign language. Way of using hand gestures for personal
communications, analytical exploration of communication meanings generating from hand gestures,
way of using hand gestures in communication methods in common practices and studying inter
cultural characteristics of those are other objectives of this research.
It was investigated using both qualitative & quantitative research methods about analysis method of
question; “what will be communicated using hand gestures related to above fields?” Therefore
subject base ethnology was used as per qualitative research method and surveying method was used
as per quantitative research method. Commonly including of hand gestures were considered under
two aspects as per these two methods. Those are media contents and readers’ contents.
Related to the research; “Communication meanings and inter cultural characteristics of sign
communication”, data analysis was done according to semiological analysis by content analytical
studying of similarities and differences. Conclusions were made after identifying inter cultural
characteristics.
Keywords: Hand Gestures, Communication, Communication Meanings, Inter-Culture
Nelanga Jayasinghe
ERCICSSH1924088
Online Shopping trends among the students of Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
R.A.N.M.Jayasinghe
Lecturer, Department of Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Abstract
At present, Consumers have identified online shopping is very convenient compared to traditional
shopping. As a result of that, a huge amount of shopping is done over the Internet. Purchasing
items through Internet has rapidly increased in Sri Lanka over the last two decades.
The main objective of this study is to understand the online shopping trends among the students of
Rajarata University. Survey method was used to collect data with a valid and reliable questionnaire.
100 questionnaires were equally distributed among three faculties namely, Faculty of Technology,
Management Studies, Social Sciences and Humanities. According to the Major findings of the
study, Majority of the respondents who engaged with online shopping was from the Faculty of
Technology. Respondents from the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities ware least engaged
with online shopping. Respondents have mentioned that cash on delivery is the convenient method
of payment rather than other methods of payments. Major drawback of online shopping was the
delivery time period to the rural areas, which was highlighted as a time consuming process
compared to Colombo and suburbs. Some of the respondents were not satisfied with the quality of
the items delivered by some online sellers. Similarly, They were not satisfied with the return and
cash back policy as well.
In conclusion, Students of Faculty of Technology, Rajarata university of Sri Lanka often engaged
with online shopping. According to the main suggestion, online consumer and seller relationship
needs to be more strengthen through out the process.
Keywords: Cash back ; Delivery ; Online Shopping ; Return Policy ; Consumer
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Weijin Wang
ERCICSSH1922089
The Perceptual Gaps Constructed by the Chinese and the Western Media in the East China Sea
Weijin Wang
School of International Relations, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Abstract
The geopolitics in the East China Sea is a scholarly hotspot. But the Western and Chinese scholars
differ greatly in perceiving the situation. Many Western scholars argue that China is claiming the
resources of other countries, expanding its military activities or even building up hegemony in this
area, while the Chinese scholars believe that China’s rights and interests are being undermined by
the USA and its allies. Nonetheless, to study the geopolitical dynamics in the East China Sea,
scholars have to heavily rely on the media reports. Since media can influence people’s perception of
an event and thus construct the realities, this paper examines the extent to which Chinese and
Western media’s construction of realities differ. By employing the analytical framework of media
package and looking into the narrative structures of news reports, this paper argues that the
framing and reasoning devices implemented by the Chinese and Western media are completely
different. This leads to the mistrust between China and the Western countries led by the USA.
Hence, the building of peace and security in the East China Sea is often hampered.
Hamid Farahmandian
ERCICSSH1924090
Ulysses: Lost Homosocial Desire in Ambiguous Identity
Hamid Farahmandian
School of Foreign Languages, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the homosocial desire and the lack of it in two protagonists and heroes of
James Joyce in his Ulysses. Unlike the fame of this novel and the extensive research done on this
novel, the theoretical relevance of Homosociality in Ulysses has not been widely discussed. This is
mostly due to the fact that although, the theory first became popular in the 1990s, it is still a
relatively new perspective. This study analyses various views of the social bonds and private lives
beside their effects on social behaviors – to determine the reasons of lack of homosociality and the
ways in which it is regained – in two Joyce protagonists. Furthermore, this study will seek to argue
that if the characters endeavour logically to solve the problems in their lives and mind, their
homosociality will be boosted. For example, according to the plot of the story, if Stephen and Bloom
as the main characters find their paternity and the root of fatherhood, their relationships and
associations with other males in society will be changed accordingly. In order to achieve the
mentioned results, the theory of homosociality which was coined for the first time by Jean Lipman-
Blumen in 1976 and became popular by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, will be applied to the novel.
Emmielyd Guiriba
ERCICSSH1924092
Brainwave Analysis on Auditory Processing In Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Emmielyd Guiriba
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
Rosalito De Guzman
The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
Abstract
Abnormalities in auditory processing are one of the most commonly reported sensory deficits in
children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, there is limited understanding on how
auditory processing among children with ASD increases the severity of autistic symptoms. In this
quasi-experimental study, the researcher aims to investigate on how children with ASD perceive
and process auditory stimuli through brainwave analysis during experimental tasks. Furthermore,
the present study will also verify the role of auditory processing in relation to the severity of autistic
symptoms among children diagnosed with ASD. Using a portable wireless EEG neuroheadset, the
research attempts to understand the functional brain abnormalities involved in processing auditory
stimuli among children with ASD. The study is designed to understand the mechanisms underlying
the difficulties in processing auditory stimuli that can shed light on observed behavioural deficits
among children with ASD. Thus, a greater understanding of the auditory processing will in turn
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serve as a guide in the implementation of enhancement of both assessment and individualized
intervention in achieving desired outcomes to further improve social behaviour, functionality, and
quality of life among children with ASD.
Keywords: Brainwave, Auditory Processing, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Autism Spectrum
Disorder (ASD)
Arnel Paranada
ERCICSSH1924093
Word of Mouth, Self-Concept an Band Perceived Value on Purchase Intent Behaviour
Arnel Paranada
Graduate School, Psychology Department, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
Dr. Eugene P. Hontiveros
Graduate School, Thesis Adviser, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
Abstract
The study aims to identify the relationship of purchase intent behaviour of consumers to word of
mouth, self-concept and brand perceived value. Using a descriptive correlational design, various
relationship will be tested and established among the variables. The statistical tool to be used will be
Pearson’s R and Regression to evaluate linear relationships of variables The target participants will
be selected consumers of Metro Manila working on a BPO Industry. At the end of the analysis, the
results of the study are expected to provide information to marketers, researchers and academicians
to enhance their sales and knowledge about how these variables correlate to purchase intent
behavior.
Keywords: Purchase Intention, Word Of Mouth, Self-Concept, Brand Perceived Value, Consumer
Behaviour
Mary Louise Miranda
ERCICSSH1924095
An Evidenced-Based Study on the Role of Menstrual Cycle and Estradiol Among Filipino Women
With PTSD
Mary Louise D. V Miranda & Dr. Rosalito De Guzman
University of Sto. Tomas, Manila, Philippines
Abstract
Greater vulnerability and severity of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are likely
to develop in women as compared to men. Fluctuations of gonadal hormones through menstrual
cycle may be a significant contributing factor. The scarcity of studies focusing on fluctuation of the
gonadal hormones in the different phases of menstrual cycle to explain the vulnerability of women
to develop PTSD symptoms serves as the gap in understanding the complexity of PTSD. Using
descriptive-correlational method, this study seeks to investigate and provide evidences in the
possible association of fluctuation on the level of estradiol in the development of PTSD symptoms
among women with respect to menstrual cycle phase. The study hopes to shed a new perspective to
view PTSD in terms of gender differences that will provide new information as a possible basis for
intervention, PTSD management, and health care program among women.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Menstrual Cycle, Gonadal Hormones, Estradiol,
Women
Ipsita Sahu
ERCICSSH1924096
Arrival of Television in India: Governmentality and Infrastructure
Ipsita Sahu
Cinema Studies at School of Arts and Aesthetics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
Abstract
My paper looks at the arrival and expansion of television in India between 1950s and 1970s as a
charged moment. I locate the founding of television’s educational form in the context of cold war
politics, national emergency, and developmental idealism that characterized Indian political and
economic scene during this time. I will be looking at various primary materials such as government
files, committee reports and Information and Broadcasting ministry’s documents as well as seminar
reports to map international financial networks and ministerial maneuvers that crucially negotiated
the expansion of an expensive medium such as television at a time of severe financial and political
crisis in India. A key question and critical inquiry that will inform my study is the relationship
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between governmentality and infrastructure. My paper will explore television as technology and
infrastructure as challenge and a promise, and as integrally tied to the larger ideologies and
structures of developmentalism and centralized planning. Such investigations will also reveal the
decisive roles played by organizations such as UNESCO, Ford Foundation, and local
communication media institutions such as Indian Institute of Mass Communication in
manufacturing discourse about the need for television as a prerequisite for progress.
Keywords: Television, Infrastructure, Governmentality, Developmentalism, Cold War, Planning,
Communication Media
Md Sajib Miah
ERCICSSH1924098
Unconscious was Discovered by Shakespeare Even Before Sigmund Freud
Md Sajib Miah
MA in English Studies, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
Abstract
Epilepsy (a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent of sensory disturbance, loss of
consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain), psychiatric
breakdown, sleep disorders, rage, high ambition, sexual and aggressive desires and dysfunctional
utopia in the psyche for taking blood from enemies illustrate a surprising amount of modern
psychological details in Shakespeare’s renowned characters. Sigmund Freud stated in his works on
psychoanalysis “The poets and Philosophers before me discovered the unconscious’’ which the
world famous literary critic Harold Bloom of Yale University thinks refers to Shakespeare. Indeed,
Bloom also contends that what we think of as the Freudian map of the mind is in fact Shakespeare’s
and he invented the human. By this he means that while all the various character traits that are in
Shakespeare existed before, few before Shakespeare written down in such details, inspiring
generations to be more reflective when considering their own behaviours. Whether one agrees with
Bloom or not, Shakespeare’s influence on understanding of unconscious of the mind seems
undeniable. This paper delves into the evil force or unconscious state of mind of the major
renowned characters of Shakespeare specially Hamlet, Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Othello and
unpleasant and creepy Shylock by applying Freud’s theory of unconscious who went through
Shakespeare as a child and was influenced by the psychology of his characters.
Keywords: Disturbance, Ambition, Dysfunctional, Bloom, Unpleasant, Unconscious
Maria Priska Adrian
ERCICSSH1924102
Affection of Corporate Social Responsibility to Job Satisfaction Mediated By Quality of Work Life
(Case Study of Four Star Hotel in Indonesia)
Maria. P. Adrian
Graduate School of Service Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of
Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Sarfilianty Anggiani
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trisakti, Jakarta,
Indonesia
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to discuss the perceptions of employees in the hospitality industry on
corporate social responsibility and their influence on employee job satisfaction which is mediated by
the quality of life of employees. This study hypothesizes about employee job satisfaction with
corporate social responsibility mediated by the quality of work life. The population in this study
consisted of the hotel industry with 4 star classes working for companies where CSR practices.
Methods of data collection include the distribution of survey questionnaires. Using samples taken
from four star hotel employees in DKI Jakarta Indonesia, 175 samples were used as samples for
analysis using Structural Equation Model.
The results showed that there are influences of each dimension of CSR (legal, economy, ethical,
philanthropic) to the quality of work life. This study also shows the influence of employee job
satisfaction to the quality of work life of employees. There is a mediation of quality of work life
between CSR dimensions to job satisfaction.
this research is expected that the company can find out the needs that must be met by the company
for job satisfaction of its employees through CSR activities.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 23
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Job Satisfaction, Quality of Work Life, Hotel Industry
Sarfilianty Anggiani
ERCICSSH1924103
Influence of Talent Management on Commitment to Competence Development: Psychological
Contract as Test Mediator, Study on Electronic Media Television Industry in Indonesia
Sarfilianty Anggiani
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trisakti, Jakarta,
Indonesia
Abstract
This study aims to analyze how the effect of talent management on commitment to competence
development that mediated by psychological contract on employees of electronic media television
companies in Indonesia. Data obtained directly by distributing questionnaires to 168 respondents at
six electronic media television companies. For the serial analysis, SPSS and Structural Equation
Model was utilized to test the proposed hypothesis model.
Results provide facts that psychological contract has a significant mediation between talent
management to commitment to competence development. Moreover, the implication how
management drives commitment to competence development in creative industry such electronic
media television, the management should actively create open communication, discussion and
commit to keep the promise to employees.
Keywords: Talent Management, Commitment to Competence Development, Psychological
Contract.
Chinonso Ihuoma
ERCICSSH1924104
Technical and Vocational Education and Human Capital Development in Nigeria
Chinonso Ihuoma
Department of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Abstract
Most countries are concerned about how to continuously increase their Human Development Index
(HDI) and this has led to the rise in global HDI. As a result, Sub-Saharan Africa went from the
second slowest growing region on the HDI in the 1990s to the fastest growing between 2000 and
2010 (UNDP, 2018). Despite the generalised HDI condition in Africa, the low human capital
development in Nigeria poses a very stringent challenge in Nigeria’s development. Nigeria is faced
with low Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), Per Capita Income, and
Human Development Index (HDI). Nigeria’s Human Capital Index and Human Development Index
(HDI) in 2015, 2016 and 2017 were 47.43%, 48.86%, 51.06% and 0.527, 0.530, and 0.532
respectively. This has continuously maintained a slow rise from 0.443 that was seen in 2003. Despite
the gradual rise, Nigeria remains among the countries classified under low HDI, being the 156th
country out of 178 countries presented in the 2018 HDI study (UNDP, 2018). However, Nigeria has
engaged in a drive to develop a unified vision for human capital development and to drive
implementation of interventions under the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) pillar,
which was focussed on ‘investing in our people’. Yet, human capital development remains poor in
Nigeria.
Using historical method of data analysis, this paper analysis the human capital issue in Nigeria and
recommends possible panacea to its improvement- through an improved Technical and Vocational
Education (TVE) system.
Key Words: Development, Education, and Human Capital Development
Dania Firstaria
ERCICSSH1924105
Influencing of Transformational Leadership on Employees Job Satisfaction and Turnover
Intention: Mediated by Quality of Work Life (QOWL) (Study of Architects in Jakarta, Indonesia)
Dania Firstaria
Graduate School of Service Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of
Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Sarfilianty Anggiani
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trisakti, Jakarta,
Indonesia
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 24
Abstract
The architectural consulting service industry known has the long working hours and frequent
overtime activities. This condition can be one of the problems that continue happen that can be
impacted to turnover intention in a company. The purpose of this study is to analyze all variables
namely transformational leadership, quality of work life (QoWL), job satisfaction and turnover
intention. Also, to analyze the effects of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and
turnover intention that mediated by quality of work life (qowl). The data collected through primary
data by questionnaire that answered by 215 Architects who work in Architecture Consultants in
Jakarta Indonesia. for analysis the hypotheses used Structural Equation Model.
The findings in this study are the work performances influenced by how the employee’s
performance and how much HR in the company. The high and low number of qualified workers in
the company influenced by the quality of work life (QoWL) of employees which will impact the
company successful itself. The implications obtained in this study which transformational leader
needs to increase job satisfaction in order for reducing turnover intention that can be mediated by
quality of work life (QoWL).
Keywords: Architect, Turnover Intention, Job Satisfaction, Transformational Leadership, Quality
Of Work Life (Qowl)
Fatemeh Shayan
ERCICSSH1924106
Interdisciplinarity Approaches in International Relations
Fatemeh Shayan
Political Sciences and International Relations, University of Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
This paper enters into the debate on the importance of multidisciplinary studies in international
relations (IR). It is found that IR is a mix-status discipline and criteria of disciplinarity are required
to be adopted. On top of that the complex nature of some threats and risks in the regional, national
and global levels demand and comprise various forms merging, linking, breaking and ’colonizing’
disciplines. In practice little efforts on empirical context is sought to fill the places. Yet, Pami Aalto
et al. in recent works represent a promising route for outlining how multidisciplinary approaches
and coordination of different disciplines are resulted better results. Proceeding with Aalto's et al
International Studies, key concepts such as multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and neo-disciplinary
are defined and the salience of multidisciplinary approach in IR is outlined. In the second section
the importance of multidisciplinary approach in EU-Russia energy security are oriented. The
article then concludes by outlining possible broad directions and how multidisciplinary approach
has contributed to the EU-Russia complex issues in terms of energy and possible solutions.
I Nengah Laba
ERCICSSH1924107
An Impact of Media Information Exposure on Tourism in Bali: A Study of Content Analysis
I Nengah Laba
Department of Tourism Management, International Bali Institute of Tourism, Sekolah Tinggi
Pariwisata Bali
Abstract
Mass media plays a big role in shaping an image of tourism and society. This study examines the
issue of the impact of media information exposure through the analysis of the specific tourism
discourse. The study focuses on the media information exposure affecting tourism development and
community life in Bali. The current experiment exposed news about tourism and its impact to the
people of Bali. Media exposure has both positive and negative impact on its users. Media
information exposure can affect the socio-cultural community. The aim of this study is to determine
the impact of media information exposure to the development of tourism and the behavior of
Balinese people. The type of data used in this study is quantitative and qualitative deriving from
secondary data sources. Data collection techniques use documentation study sourced from news
reports and interview data sourced from tourism experts and academicians. Results indicated that
tourism exposed to ideal image and it became significantly more different in reality. It is also
showed that media information exposure of brings more negative impact on the development of
tourism in Bali.
Keywords: Information Exposure, Tourism, Development
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 25
Stella Paschalina
ERCICSSH1924108
Tuan Guru Sekumpuls Dogma as a Holder of the Balance for Counter Terrorism in Indonesia
Stella Paschalina
Defense Strategy, Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, Indonesia
Abstract
The wave of globalization can be a challenge, opportunity, even a threat for ones country. The
threats that related to Information technology, morale, organization, and time are evolved and
called asymmetrical threats. Terrorism as one of the asymmetric threats has a long history
associated with the development of human life which is increasingly following the flow of the wave
of globalization. With a sophisticate technology, the terrorist will be easier to terrorize wherever
and whenever. The phenomenon of terrorism has changed and has had an impact that is felt by the
society. Terrorism develops with a strategy to achieve its goals, that is faith, hijra and jihad. The
faith they believe is conveyed through da'wah in the presence of another Muslim individuals. Hijra
from one area to another by conducting marriages with the local women. As well as the terrorist
jihad movement which is increasingly being done by women and children. The economy factor is
one of the reasons for terrorism movement to continue to grow. Statistically, the economy of
Banjarmasin City has a positive contribution to the Indonesian economy. The city of Banjarmasin is
also included in one of the livable cities in Indonesia that has fulfilled a few aspects, such as; food
availability, living places availability, place of worship availability, clean water availability,
education and health with availability value 65.1%. With the condition that Banjarmasin City is the
oldest city on the Kalimantan with its background in royal history, rich natural resources, and the
diversity of tribes that inhabit Banjarmasin City makes it vulnerable to asymmetric threats such as
terrorism that is targeting the destruction of it’s soft power to get natural resources which are the
main needs of all countries in the future. The purpose of this research is to find out about the dogma
of Tuan Guru Sekumpul that attached strongly in Banjarmasin society in countering the threat of
terrorism which is increasingly developing along with the flow of globalization. According to the
synthesis, traditional religion-based organizations will increase the conflict that occurs in an area.
But there is an anti-thesis for the theory in Banjarmasin City, that is called by Tuan Guru
Sekumpul’s dogma which is capable of being a single holder of the balance in maintaining security
and stability in Banjarmasin City.
Kanyakorn
Sangkhachat
ERCICSSH1924109
Factors Contributing to Democratic Culture Alertness: a Case Study of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat
University (Bachelor Degree Students)
Kanyakorn Sangkhachat
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University,Thailand
Khanthong Jaidee
Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha
Rajabhat University, Bangkok
Kanphet Sarananthawat
Lecturer in Political Science, College of Innovation and Management, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat
University
Abstract
The objectives of the research are: 1) to study the level of attentiveness in democratic culture; 2) to
compare the level of attentiveness in democratic culture based upon personal factors and political
socialisation; and 3) to study factors contributing to the attentiveness in democratic culture. The
samples are 181 bachelor students studying Political Science at the College of Innovation and
Management. The research used surveys for data collection. Statistical analysis was done using
frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-way ANOVA and Multiple Regression
Analysis.
The research found; 1) the students’ level of attentiveness to democratic culture is at the highest (
x ̅=4.27,S.D= .427); 2) hypothesis testing found student’s major is a factor contributed to difference
in democratic culture attentiveness while gender, age, religion and college year do not contributed
to difference in democratic culture attentiveness; and 3) Multiple Regression Analysis shown
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 26
political socialisation, family institution, educational institution, and peer factors have effect on
employee engagement at 35.3 percent.
Keywords: Attentiveness, Culture, Democracy, Political Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat
University
Introduction
The late Kingdom of Siam had undergone a democratic revolution on June 24th, 1932. From being
governed under absolute monarchy, Thai people have since obtained the country’s highest
authority. The people possess equal rights and freedom. They live under the majority rule and are
governed by the same law (Thanaporn Ngowcharoen, 2017). The transformation provides major
contradiction to what was deeply rooted in the Thai community. In order for it to be successful,
democratic culture, through political socialisation process, must thoroughly be embedded in
citizen’s subconsciousness. In the other words, it must generate vigilance and attentiveness which
can subsequently build active participation in the society Samuel Huntinhton
Democratic alertness had always been observable throughout the Thai’s history, and the university
students’ heroic political demonstrations were among a few circumstances which the new
generation remember them by. Some university students are taught to have certain views and
beliefs towards democratic culture, therefore those who felt strongly often had the urge to pursue
what was right for the society and the country.
Nowadays, members of the society became more vigilance towards democratic culture. For
instance, they preserve the basic rights and took part in electoral voting both at local and national
level. They have a tendency to express their opinions in the public sphere regardless of their
viewpoints. There are many social and environmental factors contributing to the alterations of such
perceptions. Political socialisation is formed by the society in which an individual resides in. Today,
‘society’ not only extended to a physical place but also space and time provided by online platform.
Amongst the most basic institutions, ‘family institution’ is the first institution which shapes a
person’s habits, beliefs and ideas. The family institution is comprised of individual members like a
father, a mother, or relatives in general. The knowledge and perceptions are often passed down
from these family members to the next generation, and once young children are ready for school,
‘educational institution’ teaches them other perspectives that are important to the society. It is
inarguable that a person with higher education often have higher attentiveness towards certain
matters. Friends that belong to the same crowd also have a tendency to develop similar viewpoints.
Moreover, ‘media and communication institution’ is one of the most crucial factors in today’s
society which has an ability to shape and reshape public’s opinions and attentiveness towards
political matter. (Almond and Verbra : Sompong Raksaitham, 2009) Media today manifest a power
to manipulate the crowd in whichever way they want. It is a double-edged sword which can
stipulate either positive or undesirable standpoint.
The College of Innovation and Management of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University offers many
well-known courses, one of which is Political Science. The students from this major are selected
because of their apparent interest in political science. The College also shows strong interest in the
subject of democracy as the course syllabus concentrates on topics such as political socialisation and
democracy. With this reason, one is keen to find out which factors contribute to an awareness and
attentiveness in democratic culture in those students.
Research Objectives
1. To study the level of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University students’ attentiveness in
democratic culture.
2. To compare the level of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University students’ attentiveness in
democratic culture based upon personal factors and political socialization.
3. To study factors contributing to the Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University students’
attentiveness in democratic culture.
Research Framework
The framework is stipulated from literature review of many documents and theories on the study of
democratic alertness and political alertness as well as democratic culture.
Data analysis is conducted after data collection is performed and inspected for final compilation.
Statistical analysis was executed as follow; personal factors analysis used descriptive statistics such
as frequency, percentage, mean, and t-test to compare the level of democratic culture alertness as
per gender, age, religion, university year, and major. Then, political socialisation factors were
analysed using mean and standard deviation, subsequently, Multiple Regression technique is used
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 27
for finding the relationship between these multiple variables.
Methodology
The research defines ‘democratic alertness’ or ‘attentiveness to democratic culture’ as the people’s
faith in democracy, faith in human’s honour and equality, and to be abided by the rules of
democracy. Moreover, the definition includes citizens partaking in political activities and raising
rational criticisms on political events. The people who believes in the power of democracy feels
strongly against despotism, totalitarianism, or other forms of dictatorship.
Population sample of the research are 181 bachelor degree students of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat
University. They are Political Science students are from the College of Innovation and
Management. Out of the total 974 students, such participant number of population is determined
using Krejcie and Morgan’s theory.
This research studies factors contributing to the democratic culture alertness of Suan Sunandha
Rajabhat University’s bachelor degree students. The research involves documentation study of
relevant research, in particularly ones on factors contributing to democratic alertness. The
research adopted Prittisan Chumpon’s theory on political socialisation. According to the author,
political socialisation is stipulated by the influence of 4 institutions naming; family institution,
education institution, peer institution, and political institution. Additionally, the research uses
Thinphan Nakhata‘s theory on democratic culture alertness in which the author believes factors
contributing to such vigilance include; faith in democracy, adherence to democracy, rules abided,
political participation, citizen’s duty, optimism, creative and rational criticisms, and opposition
against political dictatorship.
In terms of variables, independent variables are gender, age, religion, university year and degree
major. And democratic culture alertness factors are;
1) family institution
2) peer institution
3) educational institution
4) media institution
5) political institution
On the other hand, the dependent variables are
1) faith towards democracy
2) faith in human’s dignity
3) adherence to democratic rules
4) political participation
5) conscience to faithful citizenship
6) optimism
7) creative and rational criticism
8) disapproval of political dictatorship
The scope of study is in the area of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The study took place from
August to September.
Personal factors
gender
age
religion
university year
degree major
Political Socialisation.
family institution
peer institution
educational institution
media institution
political institution
Prittisan Chumpon
Democratic Culture Alertness
1) faith towards democracy
2) faith in human’s dignity
3) adherence to democratic rules
4) political participation
5) conscience to faithful citizenship
6) optimism
7) creative and rational criticism
8) disapproval of political dictatorship
Thinphan Nakhata
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 28
*thinking framework
Research Findings
1.From this research, Factors Contributing to Democratic Culture Alertness: a Case Study of Suan
Sunandha Rajabhat University’s Bachelor Degree Students, the result found democratic culture
alertness is at the highest level ( x ̅=4.27,S.D= .427 ). When considered individually by aspect,
‘conscience to faithful citizenship’ and ‘faith in human’s dignity’ have higher means in comparison
to the other aspects ( x ̅=4.48,S.D= .533 ) , follow by ‘adherence to democratic rules’ ( x ̅=4.47,S.D=
.611 ), and ‘disapproval of political dictatorship’ ( x ̅=3.94,S.D= .738 ) consecutively. The
results are shown on Table 1 as follow;
Democratic Culture Alertness Level Comment
�̅� S.D. Meaning Level
faith towards democracy 4.36 .673 Highest 3 faith in human’s dignity 4.18 .677 High 6 adherence to democratic rules 4.47 .611 Highest 2 political participation 4.34 .578 Highest 4 conscience to faithful citizenship 4.48 .533 Highest 1 optimism 4.10 .601 High 7 creative and rational criticism 4.27 .568 Highest 5 disapproval of political dictatorship 3.94 .738 High 8
Total 4.27 .427 Highest 2.Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis 1: different personal factors comprising of gender, age, religion, university year,
and degree major results in different democratic culture alertness.
Hypothesis 1.1: bachelor degree students of different gender has different democratic culture
alertness; hypothesis testing found different gender does not result in different democratic culture
alertness at statistical difference of 0.05 (P=.531). Therefore, it rejects the hypothesis and can be
explained as follow;
Table 2 provides a comparison of levels of democratic culture alertness in bachelor degree students
of Suan Sunundha Rajabhat University by gender.
Gender Amount(person) �̅� S.D. T P.value
Man 59 4.30 .397 .628 .531
Woman 122 4.25 .442 *statistical significance at .05
Hypothesis 1.2: bachelor degree students with different age have different democratic culture
alertness. The result shown difference in age does not result in different level of democratic culture
alertness at statistical significance of 0.05 (P=.055), therefore it also rejects the hypothesis as shown
on Table 3.
Table 3 provides a comparison of democratic culture alertness in bachelor degree students of Suan
Sunandha Rajabhat University based on different age group.
Source of variance SS DF MS F P.value
Between-Group Variance 1.380 3 .460 2.579 .055 Within-Group Variance 31.559 177 .178
Total 32.938 180 * statistical significance at .05
Hypothesis 1.3: bachelor degree students of different religions have different level of democratic
culture alertness. Relatively, the result found students with different religions do not have different
level of democratic culture alertness at significance level of 0.05 (P=.528) and therefore, rejects the
hypothesis. It can be illustrated on Table 4 as follow;
Table 4 provides a comparison between democratic culture alertness in different bachelor degree
students identified by religions.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 29
(n=181)
Source of variance SS DF MS F P.value
Between-Group Variance .235 2 .118 .640 .528 Within-Group Variance 32.703 178 .184
Total 32.938 180 * statistical significance at .05
Hypothesis 1.4: bachelor degree students studying in a different year have different level of
democratic culture alertness. The result found, at statistical significance level of 0.0.5, students
studying in a different year do not have different level of democratic culture alertness (P=.068),
therefore, it rejects the hypothesis as displayed on Table 5 as follow;
Table 5 provides a comparison of democratic culture alertness in different university year
(n=181)
Source of variance SS DF MS F P.value
Between-Group Variance 1.736 2 .868 2.734 .068 Within-Group Variance 56.525 178 .318
Total 58.262 180 * statistical significance at .05
Hypothesis 1.5: students with different majors have different level of democratic culture alertness.
The result confirms the hypothesis and shown students with different major have different level of
democratic culture alertness at significance level of .05 (P=.018).
Table 6 shows a comparison between democratic culture alertness in Suan Suanandha Rajabhat
University’s bachelor degree students of different major.
Degree major Amount(person) �̅� S.D. T P.value
political science 119 4.32 .419 .2379 .018
Politics and government 62 4.17 .428 * statistical significance at .05
Hypothesis 2: political socialisation factor results in different democratic culture alertness. There is
association between the independent and dependent variables. From the analysis, the result shown
the factor has effect on different levels of democratic culture alertness at statistical significance level
0.0.5 and can be illustrated on Table 7 as follow;
Table 7 displays multiple regression analysis of factors contributing to democratic culture alertness
political socialisation B t P.value
family institution .265 3.775 .000
peer institution .170 2.655 .009
educational institution .232 2.942 .004
media institution .143 1.768 .079
political institution .021 .332 .741
Constant 2.058 9.075 .000
R = .609a , R2 = .371 , R2Adjusted = .353 Sig = .344
* statistical significance at .05
From the table, the model predicts democratic culture alertness at 35.3 percent. Factors
associated to democratic culture alertness, at statistical significance level of 0.05, the most is family
institution, follow by educational and peer institution. On the other hand, media institution and
political institution have no association with the dependent variable at statistical significance level of
0.05.
The correlation coefficient value is used for the calculation of variables prediction and the equation
is as follow: 𝑦 = 2.058. +(0.265𝑥1) + (0.170𝑥2) + (0.232𝑥3) + (0.143𝑥4) + (0.021𝑥5)
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 30
Relatively, positive correlations between the two set of variables, (x)’s association that are found on
(y) or the democratic culture alertness are discovered from ‘family institution’ (x_1) ‘educational
institution’ (x_3) and ‘peer institution’ (x_2) with coefficient value of.265, .232 and .170
consecutively. This means family institution (x_1), educational institution (x_3) and peer institution
(x_2) are factors contributing to democratic culture alertness.
Result Conclusion
1. The level of democratic culture alertness of bachelor students on the overall in at the
highest level. When considered by aspect, the highest to lowest are conscience to faithful citizenship,
adherence to democratic rule and disapproval of political dictatorship.
2. Hypothesis testing found gender, age, religion, and university year do not induce
differences in culture alertness while degree majors induce differences towards democratic culture
alertness.
3.Multiple regression analysis found political socialisation factors can predict democratic
culture alertness of bachelor degree students of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The factor
which has the most effect, in consecutive order, are family institution, educational institution, and
peer institution.
Result Discussion
From the result, Factors Contributing to Democratic Culture Alertness: a Case Study of
Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University’s Bachelor Degree Students found;
1.The level of democratic culture alertness is at the highest level ( x ̅=4.27,S.D= .427 ). This
revealed a growing interest in politics in bachelor students. Documentary research shown students
valued political righteousness and are especially active in the time of change such as at the time of
military coup, changes in government, political conflicts and government transparency. The
following incidents may have had effect on student’s interest in politics and consequently produce
higher participations, in which major factors contributed to the behavior are shaped by family
institution, peer institution, and social as well as environmental factors. (Sompong Raksaitham,
2009) Political socialisation could occur directly and indirectly through knowledge, beliefs, values
shaped by family institution which is the first institution that has influence on individual. Primarily,
parents hold the utmost power in shaping and reshaping the child’s beliefs and political attitudes
since the early years, therefore, it is considered as the first factor which enable democratic culture
alertness. Subsequently, educational institution also has a strong influence on developing one’s
democratic culture alertness. It is believed that the higher educated the person, the better
perspectives they have of the world. The values could come from teacher’s perceptions and
institutions core values which place strong attentiveness in democracy. Furthermore, higher access
to social media allow democratic culture alertness to take place at a higher intensity. The finding
coincided with Nitithorn Klamkum(2018)’s study on the Democratic Political Culture of Bachelor
Students of Mahidol University (Salaya Campus) which found that the participants
possess high political participation and high political culture.
2. The comparison of democratic culture alertness in students with different personal factors at the
significance level 0.05 in terms of different gender, age, religion, university year, and degree major,
the result discovered;
Gender: different genders do not result in different level of democratic culture alertness
(significance level .05), therefore, it rejects the hypothesis. Whether the participant’s gender is male
or female, they are attentive to democratic culture. They also have freedom and expression in the
political process such as in electoral voting or taking part in the local and national politics, as
observable in Thailand’s former female Prime Minister. Both genders portray interest in the
country’s politics which coincides with John Locke’s theory describing rights in self-protection,
rights in selecting their leader, rights in respecting others under the standard of moral and equality.
Phra Maha Sunthorn Chaturaphitsupap (2012) Relatively, the study corresponds to
Thanaporn Ngowcharoen (2017)’s study on Democratic Culture of Srimahapoe Students in
Prajeenburi which found both genders are accustomed to democratic culture from various sources
and most students partook in political participation by inviting family to the past electoral voting
events.
Age: on this aspect, it was found students with different age do not portray different level of
democratic culture alertness at a significance level .05, therefore it rejects the hypothesis. The
participants’ age groups of this study are between 19-23 years old in which the age range is quite
narrow therefore possibly produces indifferent perspectives on certain aspects. Nowadays, it is
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 31
much easier for one to engage in political culture due to the tremendous growth in mass media
access. Hence, students age 19 could have similar electronic access to those age 23. Chaikrit
Rattanakorn (2015)’s work on Factors influencing Political Alertness of Students from
Chonrasadorn Aumrung and Chonkunyanukoon Schools which stated that ‘age’ is not a barrier to
opinion expression because everyone is entitled to such rights. Such research also found students of
different ages do not have different level of democratic culture alertness. Relatively, the finding
corresponds with political socialisation theory written by Almond and Verba (1980) saying that
political socialisation is not limited to age but is alter by direct or indirect experiences, attitudes,
values and beliefs.
Religion: on this aspect, it was found students of different religion do not have different level of
democratic culture alertness at a significance level .05, therefore, it rejects the null hypothesis.
Differences in religions is not a barrier to political alertness as all religions, whether it is Buddhism,
Christian or Islam, rest upon the concept of righteousness and fairness. Thus, individual of
different religions is entitled to have freedom of expression and political participation.
Watcharapong Amnuayraksakun’s work on democratic political culture that its characteristics are
comprised of self-respect and respect towards others; meaning there should be no class division,
acceptance in the differences, behaviors, ideas, and religions. Respectively, Wattana Sengphairogh
(2012)’s study on Political Alertness of Youths in Educational Institutions in Bangkok and the
Development of Democracy during 2006-2011 found students of different religions do not portray
different level of political culture development.
University year: on this aspect, it was discovered that students in different university year do not
have different level of democratic culture alertness at a significance level .05, hence, it also rejects
the null hypothesis. This is because students in different year all have equal access to political
information and are submitted to similar knowledge provided by their educational institution. The
students are subjected to similar political stimulants which are progressively attention-grabbing
than ever. Many educational institutions placed strong emphasis on citizen duty in democratic
society as seen in various subjects provided by Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University or Political
Science degree itself. Today, politics became everyone’s duty. It is the job of every citizen,
regardless of university year, to partake in political process and political culture. Huntington’s
work on political participation (Mayuree Thanomsuk: 2011) found the more educated the people,
the better understanding they have about government’s impact on individuals. They often pay more
attention on government’s news, talk about, or partake in political activities. The theory coincides
with Wattana Sengphairogh (2012)’s study on Political Alertness of Youths in Educational
Institutions in Bangkok and the Development of Democracy during 2006-2011 which found
students university year do not portray different level of political culture development.
Student’s major: on this aspect, it was found students of different major have different level of
democratic culture alertness at a significance level .05, therefore, it accepts the null hypothesis.
Political Science students have higher democratic culture alertness than students in Politics and
Government studies which is because the two disciplines place different emphasis on certain
knowledge. Hence, student’s majors in different disciplines are the main influence which create
differences in political values. Sometimes, even lecturer’s perspective can be a key ingredient to
different democratic culture alertness. The course content can be subjected to the newness of the
discipline; Political Science discipline has been opened long before Politics and Government studies.
In this light, Jirachoke Wirasai’s (Mayuree Thanomsuk: 2011) work on The Influence of Academic
Content found, students from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences have tendency to
involve in political activities more than those studying in hands-on discipline. Similarly, Nitithorn
Klamkum (2018)’s study on Democratic Political Culture of Bachelor Students of Mahidol
University (Salaya Campus) found disciplines are major influence of democratic culture as they are
subjected to knowledge provided by the institution.
3. Regression analysis found family institution has the most effect on political socialisation and
democratic culture alertness because family is the primary key to shaping and reshaping
socialisation process. For instance, if a family has tendency to pay particular interest in politics, the
children would also pay interest in the topic. The assumption matches Almond and Verba’s
(Sompong Raksaitham, 2009) concept stressing political socialisation occur directly and indirectly
from information sharing in various institutions such as family institution and educational
institution. Relatively, Prittisan Chumpon’s study stated these institutions are political socialisation
factors in which family is the primary level institution. In the other words, children are subjected to
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 32
learning from the day they were born in which anything that has been put in will affect their future.
For instance, if they are taught to value electoral voting and political voicing, they are more likely to
grow up believing in political participation.
Following family institution, educational institution has the second most effect on democratic
culture alertness. This is because educational institution has the facility to provide knowledge,
values, and beliefs through educational sessions shaped by course structure and content. Some
classrooms may provide opportunities for students to exchange political opinions and became the
first public sphere for them to develop opinion voicing confidence. Interestingly, work (Ruchirawat
Lamtan : 2015.) on Political Learning Process of Youths in Educational Institution is primarily
influenced by education institution as modern institutions tend to place significance interest in
political process partly because 1. course content and course structure, 2. class activity, and 3.
teacher. These factors are the key to learning process.
Peer institution demonstrate significant impact on democratic culture alertness. Peers often belong
to the same group and same age. They often have closely related bond and they are likely to behave
and react similarly. In terms of political aspect, individuals who belong to a group that is not
politically keen often attract similar kind of people and vice versa. This research found students
who belong in the same groups have friends that pay particular interest in political system and they
follow news as well as exchanging ideas on the topic. Similarly to (Ruchirawat Lamtan : 2015.)
study which found peers have high influence on the group’s interest, values, beliefs as well as
political beliefs.
Academic Recommendation
1. In the future, the researcher would like to develop qualitative study in combination to the
quantitative one. Using in-depth interviews could help identify deeper participants’ perspective
towards democratic culture. Additionally, key informants can be extended to academicians,
politician, political activists, and newer generations.
2. There should be further study on youth’s political alertness in educational institutions in
other area or regions in order to conduct comparative analysis between different sets of data.
3. The research should also focus on attitudes affecting the democratic culture alertness in
order to stimulate stronger reaction in the future.
Research Recommendation
1. Educational institution should incorporate democracy related content on a greater level. It
should also develop and train institutional employees to have deeper and up to date understanding
of the matter.
2. Friends and family should be able to have political participation and exchange opinions
even with distinct viewpoints. They should participate in political public sphere to express their
viewpoints which can be beneficial to many reseach development.
3. Mass media institution should professionally introduce news that are not prejudiced or bias
towards certain sides. They should inspect news origins and do not stimulate chaos in the society.
4. Political institution should have greater transparency allowing the people to examine their
work and budgeting that came from citizen taxes. The government should provide the information
through public relation activities that are easily accessible to all people such as through television
channel reporting policy process and evaluation.
References
Klamkoom. N. 2018. The Democratic Political Culture of the Undergraduate Students
Mahidol University, Salaya Campus. Journal of Southern Technology.
Raksatham. S. 2009. Political Consciousness and the Development of Democratic
Political Culture among the Youths in the Southern Region of Thailand during
B.E.2549-2552 : A Comparative Study of Students in Five Provinces. Political
Communication College of Political Communication Krirk University.
Lamtan. R. 2015. Social Institutions’ Roles in Imparting Knowledge on Politics and
Administration to High School Students: A Case Students of Wang-Thong District,
Phitsanulok Province. ACADEMIC JOURNAL BANGKOKTHONBURI
UNIVERSITY.
Sengphairogh. W. 2012. Political Consciousness and the Development of Democratic
Political Culture among the Youths in Education Institutes in Bangkok during B.E.
2549-2554. Political Communication Political Communication College Krirk University.
Ngowcharoen. T. 2017. Democratic Political Culture of Sri Mahapho School Students,
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 33
Prachinburi Province. Kasetsart University Political Science Review Journal.
Rattanagorn. Ch. 2015. Factors Affecting Attentiveness to Democratic Politics of Students
in Chonrasdornumrung School and Chonkanyanukoon School. Master of Public
Administration Burapha University.
Phra Maha Sunthorn Chaturaphitsupap. 2012. The Political Culture Changing of Thai
People of Karen Ancestry in Kaen Makrut Sub-District, Ban Rai District, Uthai Thani
Province. Bachelor of Political Science Program in Politics and Government Sukhothai
Thammathirat Open University.
Amnuayraksakun. W. 2018. Democratic principles “Democratic Democracy Thai people
have to develop”. College of the Constitutional Court.
Thanomsuk. M. 2011. Political Information Perception and Political Participation by
Students by undergraduate students majoring in Physical and Sport in Faculty of
Education and Development Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen
Campus. Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng saen Campus.
Samuel Huntington. Political Order in Changing Societies. (Second edition) Connecticut: Yale
University Press, 1969, pp. 34 - 39.
Nakata.T.2003. Thai Lifestyle. : The Democratic Political Culture of new generation. Blog and
typing companion.
Chumpol.Th. 2004. Introduction to Political systems. Chulalongkorn Publisher.
Ellysia Nur Ifatari
ERCICSSH1924110
The Rise of China: Case Study Belt and Road Initiative in Indonesia
Ellysia Nur Ifatari
Student, Defense Diplomacy, Faculty of Defense Strategic, Indonesia Defense University, Bogor,
Indonesia
Helda Risman
Head Department, Defense Diplomacy, Faculty of Defense Strategic, Indonesia Defense University,
Bogor, Indonesia
Abstract
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a grand strategy used by China to expand and strengthen its
influence in the international sphere. This is done by China to strengthen the political, economic,
socio-cultural and military aspects. In spreading BRI, China established strategic partnerships with
middle and minor power countries through infrastructure development, funds injection on Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI), construction of an Asia-Europe silk train route, construction of a lower oil
& gas pipeline sea, as well as building high-tech seaports that are spread not only in China but also
in its destination countries. Furthermore, Chinese aggressiveness is increasingly visible from
China's efforts to realize the Cra Canal. China also began to strengthen the ties of the Chinese
diaspora in supporting BRI by allowing its citizens to have dual citizenship. BRI actually has a long-
term negative financial impact in the economic and trade sectors which could be seen on some
African countries. However, BRI actually has a significant short-term impact, especially in
improving the country's infrastructure sector and the development of national growth. In
Indonesia, the BRI project has been approved by the government to help Indonesia realize
Indonesia’s vision as a Global Maritime Axis country. Furthermore, Indonesia sees the realization
of the Global Maritime Axis in the interests of the stability of the Asia-Pacific Region. This study
will be analyzed using rational choice theory. The method used is a case study method related to the
findings in this study aimed at analyzing the reasons and impacts of Indonesia choosing and
establishing strategic partnerships with China amid the turmoil of the Chinese and American trade
wars. Indonesia’s choice on establishing strategic partnerships with China could appear as a
security dilemma that Indonesia faces regarding the Asia-Pacific regional stability.
Keywords: China, Belt and Road Initiatives, Foreign Direct Investment, Diaspora, Global Maritime
Axis, Infrastructure
Chutirat Ngamkaew
ERCICSSH1924111
The Relationship between Strategic Leadership and Management Efficiency of Tar-yak Subdistrict
Administration Organisation in Srakaew
Chutirat Ngamkaew
Branch Police administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science
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ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 34
Khantong Jaidee
Lecturer, Police public Administration, Faculy of Humanities and Social Science
Marndarath Suksanga
Local Politics and Governments, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science
Abstract
There are three main objectives to the research: 1) to study the level of strategic leadership; 2) to
study the level of management efficiency of Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation; and
3)to study the relationship between strategic leadership and management efficiency of Tar-yak
Subdistrict Administration Organisation of Srakaew. Population sample are 47 staffs currently
employed in Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation. Research tools are questionnaires.
Research analyses are done statistically via mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Correlation
Coefficient.
The result found: 1) the overall level of strategic leadership is at a high level with its highest mean
being the morality aspect, follow by effective cultural support, and balanced organisation control;
2) the level of work efficiency is also on a high level overall, with democracy alertness at the highest
level, follow by budget management efficiency, and human resources development; 3) strategic
leadership is correlated to management efficiency of Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration
Organisation at statistical significance level of 0.01. The four strategic leadership aspects positively
correlated with management efficiency on a highest and a high level. The relationship is the weakest
on strategy direction as its result stands on a moderate level.
Keywords: Strategic Leadership, Work Efficiency, Tar-Yak, Subdistrict Administration
Organisation
Introduction
Under steadfast changes that are taking place in the society, management today require modernised
people-center technique which place greater emphasis on the results and benefits of the people
rather than the system. Management today needs higher flexibility, quality assurance mechanism,
cost reduction and higher service efficiency. With this reason, leaders have roles and responsibility
to raise these standards for the overall development. They need to place emphasis on organisation
structure and thinking process development, which will have a long-term effect on standard
improvement. Consequently, strategic development will help create efficiency in especially strategic
leadership that can enable employee motivations and initiate new creativities necessary for
organisation survival. It is the duty of these leaders to manage an organisation to its full potential
and suitable for each organisation perspective (Suwanratchapoo, 2014). Strategic Leadership is a
process that can formulate and stimulate organisational direction because leaders are keys to
successful management in an organisation (DuBrin, 2007).
Subdistrict Administration Organisation (SAO) has a crucial role in determining local development
as it has direct authorities to organise activities and manage other aspects related to the area. The
efficiency of Subdistrict Administration Organisation management come from efficient leaders
which in this case are the executives or the administrator of Subdistrict Administration
Organisation such as the Chief Executive of the SAO, Deputy Chief Executive of the SAO, and
Chief Administrator of the SAO as described by the Tambon Coucil and Tambon Administrative
Authority Act, B.E. 2539. The Chief Executive of the SAO comes from electoral voting of the people
in the area and he or she is to be remained in the position for four years. The Chief has
responsibility to formulate strategies and responsible for implementation management following
government regulations. (Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation,2556)
Therefore, it is undeniable to say that these executives have crucial obligation for the development
or an organisation. They have the power to formulate organisation direction, establish goals, and
strategies necessary for efficient work achievement and jobs accomplishment. Leaders are the key
entity to the success for failure of an organisation. The researcher, thus, wants to study the
relationship between strategic leadership and management efficiency. The research uses Tar-yak
Subdistrict Administration Organisation, Srakaew as case study. Strategic leadership comes from a
visionary leader who efficiently builds and develops an organisation according to goals, strategies,
and responsibilities given. The research will be beneficial SAO level strategic leadership
development in the future.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 35
Research objectives
1. To study the level of strategic leadership Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation in
Srakaew.
2. To study the level of management efficiency of Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation
3. To study the relationship between strategic leadership and management efficiency of Tar-yak
Subdistrict Administration Organisation of Srakaew.
Relevant theories
This research uses strategic leadership management theory formulated by Hitt, Ireland and
Hoskission (2007) which claim that strategic leadership management is comprised of 1.determine
organisational direction and goals; 2. effective resource management; 3.sustain effective
organisation culture; 4.emphasise ethical practice 5.establish balanced organisational control.
Respectively, the framework is established as follow:
Variables
Research methodology
The research is a quantitative research. Documentary researches were studied on strategic
leadership and management, and then surveys are conducted with 47 key informants.
Statistical analysis
1. The analysis of overall information on participants in part 1 used frequency and
percentage.
2. Part 2 and part 3 analysis used mean and standard deviation.
3. The relationship study between strategic leadership and leadership efficiency of Tar-yak
Subdistrict Administration Organisation in Srakaew was performed using Pearson’s product
moment Correlation Coefficient at statistical significance level of 0.01.
Research findings
The result found the relationship between strategic leadership and leadership efficiency of Tar-yak
Subdistrict Administration Organisation in Srakaew can be summarised as follow:
The majority or 53.2 percent of the participants are female (25 key informants), 51.1 percent (24
key informants) age between 31-40 years old, 61.7 percent graduated with at least a bachelor degree
(29 key informants), 38.3 percent have worked for at least 1-5 years in the organisation (18 key
informants) and 85.1 percent are employed in an operational level, and 42.6 percent (20 key
informants) receive a monthly income between 15,001-20,000 Baht.
Table 1: overall information of strategic leadership
strategic leadership Mean S.D. Satisfaction Sequence
Strategic leadership
1.Determine organisational
direction and goals
2. Effective resource
management
3.Sustain effective
organisation culture
4.Emphasise ethical practice
5.Establish balanced
organisational control.
Management efficiency
1.Human resource
development
2. Equipment and facility
support
3.Effective resource
management
4.Democratic culture
alertness
5.Participation, solution
assessment, evaluation,
and transparency
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 36
1. Determine organisational
direction and goals
4.03 .358 High 4
2. Effective resource management 4.05 .418 High 3 3. Sustain effective organisation
culture
4.05 .405 High 2
4. Emphasise ethical practice 4.22 .476 High 1
5. Establish balanced
organisational control.
4.01 .448 High 5
Total 4.07 .360 High -
From table 1, it is observable that the level of strategic leadership is considered high on the overall.
The highest level is ethical practices; follow by effective organisation culture, while the lowest level
of all five is balanced organisational control.
Table 2: overall level of work efficiency
From table 2 shows work efficiency is also at a high level. The aspect with the highest mean
is democratic alertness, effective budget allocation, and the lowest mean is equipment and facilities
support.
Table 3 shows efficiency between strategic leadership and work efficiency in Tar-yak Subdistrict
Administration Organisation are positively correlated, both on the overall and on individual aspect.
Management efficiency Mean S.D. Satisfaction Sequence
1.Human resource development 4.03 .483 High 5
2. Equipment and facility support 4.04 .425 High 4 3.Effective resource management 4.06 .521 High 2
4.Democratic culture alertness 4.08 .540 High 1
5.Participation, solution
assessment, evaluation, and
transparency
4.05 .572 High 3
Total 4.05 .452 High
strategic leadership R Sig Satisfaction
1.Determine organisational direction and
goals .490** .000 Medium
2. Effective resource management .715** .000 High
3.Sustain effective organisation culture .765** .000 High
4.Emphasise ethical practice .759** .000 High
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 37
** Statistical significance.01
Table 3 shows that strategic leadership and work efficiency are correlated at a statistical
significance level of 0.01. All five factors are positively correlated with strategic leadership and
correlation coefficient value is equal to.844** which is considered very strong. By aspect, the
relationship between strategic leadership and balanced organisation control is the strongest (r =
.824**, sig = 0.000), follow by effective organisational culture support (r=.765**, sig= 0.000) that is
also very strong, ethical practices (r=.759**,sig=0.000), and organisational resource management
(r=.715**, sig=0.000). Additionally, the weakest out of five is organisational direction that has a
correlation coefficient of 490**,sig 0.000. Nevertheless, the relationship is still considered as
moderately strong.
Result discussion
The research found:
1. The level of strategic leadership is at a high level overall because SAO has established clear
development strategies and management strategies. They established clear goals, objectives, and
implementation directions for both the executives and operational employees, which coincides with
Hitt, Ireland and Hoskission (2007) study on strategic leadership theory that reported establishment
of organisational direction as the most crucial factor. Having a clear goal and implementation
direction allow employees to work efficiently and thinking strategically can affect the way
organisation operates. SAO’s leadership strategy is accepted from within and outside the
organisation. Correspondingly, studies of Noppawan Booncharoensuk (2561) revealed in their
research about a relationship study between strategic leadership and educational institution
efficiency in Chacheongsao area that strategic leadership levels are also high.
2.The level of work management efficiency is at a high level overall, because leaders have
strategically equipped their employees with appropriate skills for organisation development. They
encouraged human resources training and place emphasis in work motivation which enables their
employees to work efficiently and willingly. The result corresponds to Phaisan Khamkaew (2015)’s
study on the relationship between human resource management and quality of life in Siam
Commercial Bank work efficiency in Suratthani, and Suthep Krasang (2003)’s study on leadership
efficiency of SAO executives in Ayutthaya province, which also discovered high strategic leadership
level in both research.
3. The relationship between strategic leadership and work efficiency of the SAO is positively and
highly correlated at statistical significance level of 0.01. It was found that in order for an
organisation to function efficiently, strategic leaders need to manage an organisation strategically,
formulate precise plan and roadmaps for the staffs to follow, create motivation at the workplace,
increase flexibility in order for them to be result-oriented and objective-focused and allow
employees to make decisions; the result coincides with Noppawan Booncharoensuk (2018) ’s work
on the relationship between strategic leadership and educational institution efficiency in
Chachengsao as well as Petchomphoo Pichphandaycha (2018)’s work on strategic leadership and
organisational culture affecting educational institution effectiveness of Secondary School Area 1 in
which both research portrayed positively and highly correlated relationship of both variables at
statistical significance level of 0.01.
Recommendations
1. The research found ‘balanced organisational control’ has the lowest mean level;
therefore, executives should accurately and strategically develop plan and procedures for their
employees to accomplish their goals.
2.Leaders should employ flexibility at work because too much restriction can create pressure at
work as well as negative influence.
3. There should be improvement and renovation on equipment as well as facilities of the workplace.
Research recommendations
1. Future research should be conducted in other provinces or organisational units in order
to further develop a comparative study between those results.
5.Establish balanced organisational
control. .824** .000 High
Total .844** .000 High
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 38
2.There should be in-depth interview on the topic for variety of information obtain.
3.There should be a qualitative study on employees’ behaviours in order to use that information to
further develop, solve problems, and allowing them to express new recommendations for the
organisation.
REFERENCES
Suwanratchapoo.K. (2014). STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP : A FORM OF NEW
GENERATION LEADERS.2019 September 4,Retrieve From
http://ejournals.swu.ac.th/index.php/EAJ/article/download/4137/4097.
Booncharoensuk .N. (2018). The Relationship between Stragegic Leadership of
Administrators and School Effectiveness in Chachoengsao Province under the
Secondary Educational Service Area Office 6. Faculty of Education Burapha University.
Pichphandaycha.P. (2018). STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP AND CULTURE IN ORGANIZATION
WHICH AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE HIGH SCHOOLS IN THE SECONDARY
EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE ONE. The field of educational administration Faculty
of Education, Srinakharinwirot University.
Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation.(2013). General conditions and basic information.
2019 May 14, Retrieved From http://www.tayak.go.th
Dubrin, A. J. (2007). Charismatic and transformational leadership. Leadership. Boston, MA:
Houghton Mifflin Company. pp 67-83].
Hitt, M. A, Ireland, R. D and Hoskisson, R. E. (2007). Management of strategy: Concept and
Cases.China : Thomson South-Wettern.
Khamkaew .P.(2016).The relationship between quality of working life with performanceefficiency
of bank employee in Muang district Surat Thani province. Journal of Accounting and Management
Mahasarakrm university.
Kankasang.S (2003). the work efficiency of the administrators of the subdistrict administrative
organization administrators: a case study of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. Arts Thesis
Program Master (Social Development)
Kanjana Anuchan
ERCICSSH1924112
The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Leadership Efficiency in the Faculty
of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Kanjana Anuchan
Police Administation, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajanhat
University, Bangkok
Buabuttri Siriwat
Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Sociences, Suan Sunandha Rajanhat
University, Bangkok
Wanjak Noichan
Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Sociences, Suan Sunandha Rajanhat
University, Bangkok
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to: 1) study transformational leadership; 2) study the level of
leadership efficiency; 3) study the relationship between transformational leadership and leadership
efficiency. The research uses questionnaires for data collection from 38 key informants working in
academic support role. Statistics used in the research were frequency, percentage, standard
deviation, and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation.
The research found; 1) the level of transformational leadership is high (x̄ = 4.02); 2)the level of
leadership efficiency is also high (x̄ = 3.95); and 3) the correlation coefficient value is also high and
corresponds to the null hypothesis. Therefore, the data shown transformational leadership
correlates to leadership efficiency.
Keywords: leadership, efficiency, executives, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Introduction: The transformations occurring in the 21st century is a result of borderless
competition and globalization. It stimulates rapid changes in society, economy, politics and
technology. In this era, knowledge and information are tools for competitive advantage that
produce equilibrium to changes and creativity as well as organisation awareness (Jadaman, 2017).
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 39
These changes provide opportunities to drive the organisation efficiently whether they are private
or public organisation (Hatsadeetam, 2012).
Leaders play a crucial role in the success or failure of an organisation. They have an ability to drive
an organisation through crisis and strive towards permanent change. Efficient leader is essential for
organisation success as they lead an organisation to achieve their goals. In the past, organisation
failure came from a lack of efficient leader, whether in terms of result-based management,
efficiency, or effectiveness (Hatsadeetam, 2012). Thus, organisation with good management must
have inspirational and visionary leader. They must be able to adopt new administration concept
necessary for transformational management Yongyut Simsimpim (n.d.)
Educational institution leaders are employed executives in educational area. They are the key and a
major influence to the quality and outcome of education efficiency. Many academics have similar
opinions that failure in education depends on executive management. Therefore, leaders in the 21st
century need to have knowledge, skills, and experiences necessary for transformational changes.
In summary, transformational leadership and leader efficiency are crucial factors to organisation
and organisation change. Therefore, leaders have important role in determining organisation
direction and lead them to achieve set goals and objectives. The researcher chose to study “The
relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency in the Faculty of
Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University” because the university is one
of the country’s leading university and has been ranked number 1 for ten-year straight. So that the
research’s result can be beneficial for the future research and other academic institutions.
This research seeks to perform a relationship study between transformational leadership and leader
efficiency in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University.
The data is accumulated data via survey. The survey is conducted with academic support staffs in
order to find out leadership efficiency in the faculty’s executives as they are the key persons
responsible for organisation change.
Objectives
1. To study transformational leadership in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Suan
Sunandha Rajabhat University
2) To study the level of leadership efficiency in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at
Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
3) To study the relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency in the
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University.
Hypothesis: There is a correlation between transformational leadership and executives’ leadership
efficiency working in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat
University
Research Framework: The research framework is designed based on documentary reviews about
leadership theories. Transformational leadership theory by Bass and Avolio, and POSDCoRB
theory by Gulick and Urwick were examined in particular in order to formulate the framework;
Statistical analysis is conducted after the data are collected via purposive sampling method:
Transformational leadership level and leadership process are examined via checklist questionnaire
and the data were interpreted through mean (x̄) and standard deviation (S.D).
Transformational
Leadership
1.Idealised influence
2.Inspirational motivation
3.Intellectual stimulation
4. Individualisaed consideration
(Bass & Avolio)
POSDCoRB
1.Planning
2.Organizing
3.Staffing
4.Directing
5.Coordinating
6.Reporting
7.Budgeting
(Gulick & Urwick)
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 40
The relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency were analysed using
Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation.
Research Method: The scope of population of this research is comprised of 38 academic support
staffs working in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat
University.
The scope of content studies the relationship between transformational leadership and leadership
efficiency in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. It
conceptualised the work of Bass and Avolio on transformational leadership as well as Gulick and
Urwick’s POSDCoRB theory on administrative process.
The scope of variables is consisted of transformational leadership; 1) idealized influence, 2)
inspirational motivation, 3) intellectual stimulation, and 4) individualized consideration as well as;
1) planning, 2) organising, 3) staffing, 4) directing, 5) coordinating, 6) reporting, and 7) budgeting.
Research Finding
1. The study of the relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency in
the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University found
transformational leadership level of the executives is at high level (x̄ =4.02). When considered by
aspect, ‘intellectual stimulation’ has higher mean than other aspects, follow by ‘inspirational
motivation’ (x̄ =4.04), ‘idealised influence’ (x̄ =4.00), and ‘individualised consideration’ (x̄ =3.94).
These means and standard deviations are shown on table 1 as follow:
Table 1: The Analysis of Transformational Leadership Level
2. Leadership efficiency of the executives working in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University is at a high level on the overall (x̄ =3.95). ‘Coordination’
level is the highest (x̄ =4.02), follow by ‘reporting’ (x̄ =3.99), ‘planning’ (x̄ =3.96), ‘directing’ (x̄
=3.94), ‘budgeting’ (x̄ =3.93), ‘staffing’ (x̄ =3.92), and ‘organising’ (x̄ =3.86) respectively.
Table 2: The Analysis of Leadership Efficiency
3. Table 3 shown that, overall, there is a positive correlation between transformational leadership
and leadership efficiency at a high level (.746**, Sig =.000). In the other words, the two variables
move in the same direction; when the level of transformational leadership is high, the leadership
efficiency is also high. Additionally, when the level of transformational leadership is low, leadership
Transformational leadership Comments level
x̄ S.D Meaning lavel
1. Idealised influence 4.00 0.43 High 3
2. Inspirational motivation 4.04 0.52 High 2
3. Intellectual stimulation 4.08 0.46 High 1
4. Individualisaed consideration 3.94 0.56 High 4
Total 4.02 0.45 High
Leadership efficiency Comments level
x̄ S.D Meaning level
1. Planning 3.96 0.56 High 3
2. Organizing 3.86 0.66 High 7
3. Staffing 3.92 0.65 High 6
4. Directing 3.94 0.55 High 4
5. Coordinating 4.02 0.58 High 1
6. Reporting 3.99 0.56 High 2
7. Budgeting 3.93 0.59 High 5
Total 3.95 0.55 High
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 41
efficiency is also low. The result also shown that ‘individualised consideration’ is positively
correlated with leadership efficiency the most (.826**, Sig =.000), follow by ‘inspirational
motivation’ (.646**, Sig =.000), ‘idealised influence’ (.633**, Sig =.000), and ‘intellectual
stimulation’ (.621**, Sig =.000).
Table 3: The correlation between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency
Transformational
Leadership
efficiency of the executives
Pearson
Correlation
Sig
2-tailed
Relationship
level
Relationship
direction
1. Idealised influence .633** .000 Moderate Positive
2. Inspirational motivation .646** .000 Moderate Positive
3. Intellectual stimulation .621** .000 Moderate Positive
4. Individualisaed
consideration
.826** .000 High Positive
Total .746** .000 High Positive
There is a statistical relationship at the level of .01
2. Hypothesis Testing
Transformational leadership and leadership efficiency of the executives working in the Faculty of
Humanities and Social Sciences of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University are positively correlated.
Result summary
1. Transformational leadership is at high level. The result is the highest in consecutive order;
idealised influenced, inspirational motivation, intellectual simulation, and individualised
consideration.
2. Leadership efficiency on the overall is at a high level. The result is the highest in consecutive
order; planning, organising, staffing, directing, coordinating, and reporting.
3. The relationship analysis shown transformational leadership are positively correlated with
leadership efficiency. The result also shown that ‘individualised consideration’ is positively
correlated with leadership efficiency the most, follow by ‘inspirational motivation’, ‘idealised
influence’, and ‘intellectual stimulation’.
Result Discussion
The study of a relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency in the
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University can be discussed as
follow;
1. Transformational leadership of the executives working in the faculty is at a high level on the
overall ( x̄ = 4.02). This is a result of efficient planning deployed by the executives which enable
support staffs to be readily adaptive to changes, realise their goals, and have clear implementation
plans (Bass & Avolio 1994). The faculty’s leaders are able to create positive motivation influencing
employees to work in a good atmosphere and encourage employee engagement. Previous study such
as the work of Khanthong Jaidee (2007) on the relationship between transformational leadership
and staffs’ satisfaction of Sahawiriya Industry, and Poomsak jitboon (2013)’s work on
transformational leadership and teachers’ awareness of Srakaew’s educational service area 1, as
well as the work of Naphatsanan Berkaisai (2014)’s on a relationship between transformational
leadership and ICT implementation pathway of Sakonnakorn’s secondary educational service area
23; also shown transformational leadership are at high level.
2. Leadership efficiency in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Suan Sunandha
Rajabhat University is at a high level (x̄ = 3.95). This is because organisational leaders have
specified work responsibilities appropriately and assigned staffs corresponded to their
specialisation. This enable staffs to work quickly and efficiently according to plan which coincides
with POSDCoRB theory by Gulick & Urwick that says organisation strength is depend on staff
allocation. Many research such as; Pansa Moonpawad (2014)’s work on the relationship between
leadership process and quality assurance of Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area
Office 1, Saowanad Leklersindhu (2016)’s work on the efficiency of Nonthaburi Provincial
Administrative Organisation, and Rungarun Thaunyai (2010)’s study on leadership process
influencing nursery development center in Ladlhoomkaew district, also mutually found leadership
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 42
efficiency were at a high level.
3. The relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency on the overall is
at high level and corresponds to the null hypothesis which shown the executives were able to
motivate their academic support staffs to work passionately with plan and with full potential. The
analysis coincides with; Tippawan Charliekruea (2016)’s study on the relationship between
transformational leadership and leadership efficiency of informal education teachers in Rayong,
Supapron Aekphaopanth (2013)’s study on the relationship between emotional intelligence and
transformational leadership in school executives working under the management of Rayong
secondary educational service area 18, and a study by Supitchaya Kajawong (2013) on the
relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership in school executives
working under the management of Chantaburi primary educational service area 1; which found
transformational leadership were all at a high level.
By aspect, it was found leadership efficiency positively correlates with ‘individualised consideration’
the most which could be because the executives are attentive towards employee’s needs; always
provide challenges to develop employees’ full potential; and provide them with the same treatment.
The analysis coincides with Tadsanee Kaenpmon (2012)’s study on transformational leadership in
school executives under the management of Bangnumpreaw primary educational service area 1
which also found individualised consideration was at a high level.
Academic recommendation
1. There should be a study on transformational leadership and leadership effectiveness.
2. There should be a study on a transformational leadership development model.
Research Recommendation
1.There should be a qualitative study on the same topic in order to provide an in-depth analysis on
the matter
Reference
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Administration (Public Management). Suan Sunandha Rajanhat University.
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Education Program in Educational Administration.Burapha University.
Charliekruea.T. (2016). Relationship Between Transformational Leadership And Work
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informal Education. Master of Education Program in Educational Administration. Burapha
University.
Berkaisai.N. (2014). The Relationship Between School Administrators Transformational
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from https://www.kroobannok.com/83312.moonpawad. P. (2014). The Relationship Between The
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ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 43
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Tranformational Leadership of school Under the office of Primry Chanthaburi Educational
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Pimpakarn Rattana
ERCICSSH1924113
Factors affecting the Implementation of Sufficient Economy Philosophy in Dusit Community,
Bangkok
Pimpakarn Rattana
Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat
University, Bangkok
Duangporn Saengthong
Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,
Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok
Rapeepat Juntanintorn
Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,
Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok
Abstract
The research objectives are: 1) to study the level of success of sufficient economy philosophy
implementation in a community; 2) to compare the level of success of sufficient economy philosophy
implementation as characterised by personal factors; 3) to study factors affecting sufficient
economy philosophy implementation in a community. The population of this study is 390 people
living in Dusit community, Bangkok. Data collection is done by survey and statistics used are
frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and One-way ANOVA as well as multiple regression
analysis.
The research found: 1) the level of success of sufficient economy policy is at a high level overall
(x ̅=3.67); 2) the hypothesis shown gender and level of education do not contribute to a significance
difference in the level of sufficient economy philosophy implementation success whereas age, career,
and income do alter the level of success; 3) multiple regression analysis found every sufficient
economy philosophy factor is a significant predictor of sufficient economy philosophy
implementation, and that the regression significantly predicted implementation success at 55.4
Percent.
Keywords: Success, Sufficient Economy Philosophy, Dusit, Bangkok
Introduction
The result of economic crisis has an immense effect on the society and the quality of life in general.
It creates problems related to poverty and income inequality. The percentage of poverty which had
previously went on a decline rises significantly after the crisis. The percentage was at 11.4 percent in
1996 and reached 15.9 percent in 1999. Income distribution was worsened, unemployment rate
rises, and bankruptcy number skyrocketed to almost one million people. The majority of people
with were affected the most were non-agricultural business owners, agricultural business owners,
production staffs, construction staffs, and those who were affected the least were technical
professions, academician, and service staffs. The decline in income results in life safety and stability
as well as the safety of their property due to the rises in crime rate that are an aftermath of
unemployment (Academic Satapornbooks, 2018). Other than this, the concept of Sufficient
Economy Philosophy (SEP) emerged as a solution counteracting unemployment which led to social
security cancellation, loss of health care services and increased mental illness.
Sufficient Economy Philosophy is a development approach attributed to the late King Bhumibol
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 44
Adulyadej. As a respond to the crisis, had given his people an approach to sustainable development
as he seek to reduce inequality, eradicate poverty, and strengthen a community’s balanced way of
life. The government humbly embraced his guidance and consequently drafted the 9th and 10th
National Economic and Social Development plan in order to improve the people’s life and recover
them from the effect of 1997 economic crisis. The 1997 crisis exposed the country’s vulnerability
and its lack of sustainability. Therefore, SEP is a development model which many believe to provide
a long-term solution to the communities. The implementation of such framework can lead us to
better handle the next economic crisis; to clarify our goals, develop coherent planning, and work
collectively in a unified direction (Academic Satapornbooks, 2018).
Dusit community is under a management of Dusit District, a commercial and residential
area which is a dense and highly populated. It is also where many educational institutions are
located and where inequality is greatly apparent. SEP approach can, therefore, be applied to
improve economic, social, environmental, and cultural perspectives of the community, enabling
them to live a better and happier life. With this reason, the researcher is particularly interested in
studying factors affecting an implementation of SEP in Dusit community of Bangkok; to find out
factors contribute to the success of SEP implementation in order to create a long-lasting, safe,
stable, quality and a balance way of life for the communities.
Research objectives
1. To study the level of success of sufficient economy philosophy implementation in Dusit
community of Bangkok;
2. To compare the level of success of sufficient economy philosophy implementation in Dusit
community as characterised by personal factors.
3. To study factors affecting the success of sufficient economy philosophy implementation in Dusit
community.
Conceptual framework
The conceptual framework is a result of documentary review on SEP theories and concepts
as well as research studies.
The data analysis was done after data collection and accuracy check. Data analysis is done
statistically. The research employed simple random sampling and the research analyses were as
follow:
Personal factors analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage.
Means comparisons of SEP implementation success in the community were done using T-
test and One-way ANOVA.
The analysis of factors affecting SEP implementation success used means, standard
deviation and multiple regression analysis to find out the relationship between factors affecting SEP
implementation success in the community on the overall and by aspect.
Personal Factors
- Gender
- Age
- Education level
- Career
- Income
Sufficient Economy
- Moderation
- Reasonableness
- Self-immunity
- Knowledge
- Morality
The implementation of Sufficient
Economy Philosophy in Dusit
Community
- Economic
- Social
- Environmental
- Cultural
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 45
Research methodology
The scope of population is the people living in Dusit area, Bangkok. The total number of
population is 12,616 people and after employing Yamane’s method, 390 people were extracted as
population sample.
The scopes of content in the study are factors affecting the implementation of Sufficient
Economy Philosophy in Dusit Community, Bangkok. The approach is a sustainable development
framework facilitated by King Rama 9 of Thailand.
The scope of variables includes personal factors which are gender, age, level of education,
career, income, and SEP factors consisted of three interlocking key-elements which are moderation,
reasonableness, and self-immunity as well as two conditions which are knowledge and morality. The
dependent variables are the success of SEP implementation in Dusit community extracted from
sustainable development concept comprised of economic aspect, social aspect, environmental aspect,
and cultural aspect.
Findings
1. The research found the level of SEP implementation in Dusit community is at high level on the
overall (x ̅=3.67). Additionally, social aspect is a variable with the highest mean (x ̅=3.74), follow by
environmental (x ̅=3.65), economic (x ̅=3.64), and cultural แ (x ̅=3.64) as shown on Table 1.
Table 1: the level of success of sufficient economy philosophy implementation in Dusit community,
Bangkok
the implementation of Sufficient
Economy Philosophy in Dusit
Community
Comment Level
Level Mean S.D. Meaning
Economic 3.64 .732 high 3
Social 3.74 .762 high 1
Environmental 3.65 .746 high 2
Cultural 3.64 .723 high 4
Total 3.67 .632 high 2. Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis 1: different personal factors contribute different levels of SEP implementation
success in Dusit community.
1.1 Null hypothesis states that people with different gender contribute to different level of SEP
implementation success in Dusit community. Contradictorily, at a significance level of 0.05, the
result found different genders do not contribute to different level of success in the implementation;
therefore it rejects the null hypothesis as shown on Table 2 below:
Table 2: the comparisons of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok (gender
difference)
(n = 390)
gender �̅� S.D. t Sig.
Man
Women
3.71
3.62
.638
.626
1.36 .600
*statistically significance level of 0.05 1.2 Null hypothesis states that people with different age contribute to different level of SEP
implementation success in Dusit community. Complementarily, at a significance level of 0.05, the
result found different age do contribute to different level of implementation success, therefore it
accepts the null hypothesis as shown on Table 3 below:
Table 3: the comparisons of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok (age
difference)
(n = 390)
Source of df SS MS F Sig.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 46
variation
Between groups
Within groups
Total
4
385
389
12.621
143.178
155.798
3.155
.372
8.484 .000
*statistically significance level of 0.05
1.3 Null hypothesis states that people with different education level contribute to different level of
SEP implementation success in Dusit community. However, at a significance level of 0.05, the result
found different education level do not contribute to different level of implementation success,
therefore it rejects the null hypothesis as shown on Table 4:
Table 4: the comparisons of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok (education
levels)
(n = 390)
Source of
variation df SS MS F Sig.
Between
groups
Within groups
Total
4
385
289
.730
155.068
155.798
.183
.403
.453 .770
*statistically significance level of 0.05
1.4 Null hypothesis states that people with different career contribute to different level of SEP
implementation success in Dusit community. At a significance level of 0.05, the result accepts the
hypothesis and confirms that different career paths contribute to different level of implementation
success as shown on Table 5:
Table 5: the comparisons of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok (career
difference)
(n = 390)
Source of
variation df SS MS F Sig.
Between
groups
Within groups
Total
3
386
389
8.834
146.964
155.798
2.945
.381
7.734 .000
*statistically significance level of 0.05
1.5 Null hypothesis states that people with different income level contribute to different level of SEP
implementation success in Dusit community. At a significance level of 0.05, the result accepts the
hypothesis and confirms that different income level contributes to different level of implementation
success as shown on Table 6:
Table 6: the comparisons of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok (income
difference)
(n = 390)
Source of
variation df SS MS F Sig.
Between groups
Within groups
Total
3
386
389
26.921
128.877
155.798
8.947
.334
26.877 .000
*statistically significance level of 0.05
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 47
Hypothesis 2 states that sufficient economy philosophy factors affect sufficient economy philosophy
implementations in the community. Correspondingly, the result accepts the null hypothesis at
statistically significance level 0.05 as shown on table 7:
Table 7: Multiple regression analysis of factors affecting sufficient economy philosophy
implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok
Sufficient Economy B T Sig.t
Moderation
Reasonableness
Self-immunity
Knowledge
Morality
(Constant)
.162
.130
.156
.237
.139
.557
3.791
3.015
4.547
4.745
3.325
3.751
.000
.003
.000
.000
.001
.000
R = .748a , R2 = .560 , R2Adjusted = .554 , Sig = .422
*statistically significance level of 0.05
The table illustrates that the model significantly predicts sufficient economy philosophy
implementation success at 55.4 percent. And factor which affected the implementation the most is
knowledge, follow by self-immunity, moderateness, morality, and reasonableness respectively.
The regression coefficient of the predictors affecting SEP implementation success can be
written in an equation as follow: y = 0.557 + (0.162x1) + (0.130x2) + (0.156x3) + (0.327x4) +
(0.139x5)
The results can be summarised as follow; variables that have positive relationship with SEP
implementation success in Dusit community (y) at a significance level of 0.05 are: knowledge (x4) ,
moderateness (x1), self-immunity (x3), morality (x5), and reasonableness (x2). They have coefficient
values of .237, .162, .156, .139 and .130 consecutively, which means these factors are the indicators
for SEP implementation success in the community.
Result summary
1. The level of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok, is at a high level
on the overall. Social aspect has the highest mean, follow by environment, economic, and cultural
aspect.
2. Hypothesis found gender and education level do not affect implementation success in the
community whereas age, career, and income level significantly affect the level of implementation
success.
3. Multiple regression analysis result shown SEP factors affecting SEP implementation
success in the community from most to least are knowledge, self-immunity, moderateness, morality,
and reasonableness consecutively.
Result discussion
1. The level of SEP implementation success in Dusit community is at a high level
overall (x ̅=3.67). This is because the philosophy is an imitation of original ways of life that is deeply
rooted in the society. They were practiced by ancestors for many decades and centuries therefore, it
is easily adaptable for all groups of people in the society. It can generate balanced development and
sustainable living in many aspects whether it is an economic aspect, social aspect, environmental
aspect or cultural aspect which coincides with Thaninyarin Siripunnadhirajata’s (2015) research on
factors affecting SEP implementation success in Ranong that also found high implementation level
overall.
2. SEP implementation success comparison in Dusit community characterised by
personal factors such as gender, age, education level, career, and income level shown:
Gender: different genders do not contribute to differences in SEP implementation
success level and rejects the null hypothesis. This is because both genders are perceived as equal in
today’s society. They have equal opportunity to pursuit any knowledge or information they want.
Additionally, public and private sectors increasingly place importance in the people’s quality of life
development whether it is in terms of skills development, professional development, vocational
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 48
profession, or educational skills development. These prospects allow people of different gender to
adopt SEP indifferently, which corresponds to Sakorn Chamnanpuen, Wirot Phanthawan and
Thanaporn Asaporn (2012)’s work on SEP implementation in Khao Chakan district of Srakaew
that also finds different genders do not significantly contribute to a different level of
implementation success.
Age: differences in age contribute to significantly different level of SEP
implementation in the community. The result accepts null hypothesis. This is because age
determines experiences individuals have in life, thus, as people grow older they can better analyse
problems and situations differently. They are able to adapt the usage of sufficient economy
philosophy to the ways of lives better than the younger generations. The result coincides with
Auangtip Ketkray’s (2008) study on the adoption of SEP in daily lives of Klong Pra Udom people,
Pakkred District, Nonthaburi which found people with different age have different level of SEP
implementation.
Education level: people with different education levels do not portray significant
difference in SEP implementation success. The result rejects null hypothesis. Because SEP is a basic
concept which do not require advanced understanding or higher education for its implementation,
the knowledge can be circulated throughout the community and easily embrace to fit each
individuals’ lifestyles. Correspondingly, Pongsoon Piraksa’s (2013) work on practicing of the
philosophy of sufficiency economy into the life style of army ordnance department found different
education level do not contribute to differences in SEP implementation.
Career: people with different careers have different level of SEP implementation
success. The finding accepts null hypothesis. It is suspected that individuals employed in different
professions may have different analysis skills and different level of decision making potential.
Complementarily, Tanongsak Sonsung’s work (2013) on opinions on SEP adoption in Suan Aoy
community, Wachira Payabarn Sub-district of Dusit District found different careers lead to
different levels of implementation success.
Income level: people with different income levels foster different level of
implementation success in the community because people with lower income need to spend the
majority of their time working and earning more income for themselves and family, therefore, they
have lesser time thinking about sustainability living or the quality of life. On the other hand, people
with higher income have more time to think about sustainability in terms of economic, social,
environmental and cultural aspect, which coincides with Usanee Suwan’s (2015) study on female
roles in developing a community using SEP in Wad Saparn community in Chainart that revealed
similar result.
3. Multiple regression analysis of factors affecting SEP implementation success in
Dusit found all five SEP aspects which are comprised of three interlocking key-elements namely
moderation, reasonableness, and self-immunity; and two conditions namely knowledge and
morality; contribute to implementation success in the community. Because people in Dusit
community live their lives according to The Middle Way philosophy and place high importance in
having a balanced lifestyle, activities and occupations they chose often situated upon
reasonableness. They also placed high importance in building self-immunity with the knowledge
their have in order to be readily prepared for changes in economic, social, environmental, and
cultural aspect. The finding corresponds to Aumpon SanowNarong’s (2007) work which revealed
SEP is a sustainability framework comprised of 7 principles which are self-reliance, moderateness,
middle-way, self-immunity, reasonableness, morality, and camaraderie. The author claimed people
of different groups and occupation can take up the philosophy and make use of it. The claim
matches with Thaninyarin Siripunnadhirajata’s (2015) result on factors influencing SEP
implementation success in Ranong which found regression analysis variables are knowledge,
moderateness, and reasonableness.
Research recommendation
The research, factors affecting the implementation of Sufficient Economy
Philosophy in Dusit Community, Bangkok, found high implementation level on the overall. It
illustrates that the community are knowledgeable and understood the concept of SEP well enough
for implementation. They are able to adopt the philosophy apply it on their ways of lives. It also all
factors examined contribute to the level of implementation success, hence, these factors are what
contribute to a quality and happy life. The researcher recommends that the community organises
more activities to enhance the level of SEP adoption for a long-term implementation success, for an
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 49
example, the community could arrange hands-on training about SEP philosophy while enabling
practical experience method.
Academic recommendations
1. There should be a study on SEP prototype community in order to initiate
development pathways towards a balanced, stable, successful ways of lives for individuals,
communities, and national levels.
2. There should be an in-depth and qualitative study on the matter. Interviews
should be conducted with community leaders in order to obtain further information useful for
community development.
Suphak Sirirat
ERCICSSH1924114
+
Boonwat Sawangwong
ERCICSSH1924114
Factors affecting Work Efficiency of Employees in Nonthaburi Provincial Administration
Organisation
Suphak Sirirat
Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social sciences, Suan Sunandha
Rajabhat University, Bangkok
Boonwat Sawangwong
Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social sciences, Suan Sunandha
Rajabhat University, Bangkok
Abstract
The objectives of the research include: 1) to study the level of work motivation among employees of
Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation; 2) to study the efficiency of employees and; 3)
to study factors affecting work efficiency of employees in Nonthaburi Provincial Administration
Organisation. The sample group was 230 employees. It used questionnaire for data collection. Data
analysis involved descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, standard deviation and Multiple
Regression Analysis at the significance level of 0.05. The study revealed that; 1) most employees of
Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation are female, age between 30 - 40 years old, and
graduated with at least a bachelor degree. Their average monthly income is between 15,000 - 24,999
Baht. The length of employment goes between 5 - 10 years and they are mostly public servant; 2)
the overall work motivation is at a high level; 3) performance efficiency on the overall is also in a
high level; and 4) factors affecting work efficiency of employees in Nonthaburi Provincial
Administration Organisation includes ‘personnel type’, ‘responsibility’, ‘pay’, ‘status in the
organisation’ and ‘physical working condition.’
Key words: Motivation, Performance, Efficiency, Nonthaburi Provincial, Administration
Organisation
Introduction
Employees are one of the most crucial factors for the survival of public organisations. In order for
an organisation to be successful, goals must be achieved according to objectives planning and
employees are the key to its success management. Public servants work under the control of their
supervisor and have responsibility to the well-beings of the citizens. They are entitled to work
efficiently according to organisation goals and objectives. Relatively, employees must be encouraged
and motivated in order to increase performance efficiency. With the right type of motivation, they
can be more eager to achieve set tasks. Other than commitment from employees, public
organisation also needs public participation and government support. Public organisation and
public employees work to serve the people and they work closely with the public. Therefore, public
participation is important. Without such collaboration, public organisation is less likely to be
successful at their goals. Public servants need the right motivation and public participation in order
for them to accomplish their work.
The researcher is interested in studying Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees in
Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation. The research will study personal factors and
motivation factors as illustrated by Herzberg’s Two-factor motivation theory. Two-factor theory
assumes that there are two major factors which an organisation can use to motivate employees in
the workplace in order to achieve greater work efficiency. Public organisation can make use of the
theory to improve organisation performance.
Research objectives
1. To study the level of work motivation among employees of Nonthaburi Provincial Administration
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 50
Organisation
2. To study the efficiency of employees working in Nonthaburi Provincial Administration
Organisation.
3. To study factors affecting work efficiency of employees in Nonthaburi Provincial Administration
Organisation.
Literature review
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Herzberg (Suchat Nahuai.2011, 22-24) studied the relationship between satisfaction and work
efficiency. In 1959, he conducted a research with at least 200 employees and interviewed them on
satisfaction factors in work environment. He discovered that work motivation is influenced by two
major factors which are motivators and hygiene factors. The characteristics of both factors can be
clarified as follow:
1) Motivators are motivation factors that directly contribute to work satisfaction and it is comprised
of work achievement, work recognition, nature of work, work responsibility, and career
advancement.
2) Hygiene factors are necessary as it keeps employees satisfied with the jobs. In the absence of it,
employees will be dissatisfied and feel negatively towards to jobs. Hygiene factors include; (1) ‘pay’
which must be reasonable and appropriate according to the industry standard; (2) ‘career
advancement’; (3) ‘Interpersonal relations’ with employees, peers, and superiors; (4) ‘employee’s
status’ in the organisation; (5) ‘company and administrative policies’ that is flexible, fair and clear;
(6) ‘physical working conditions’ that are safe and clean; (7) ‘fringe benefits’; (8) ‘job security’; and
(9) ‘supervision’
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Maslow (1970) (Pathomwong Siehasena.2014, 17-18) is another motivational theory which stressed
that human’s action and needs can be studied in a form of five-tier pyramid. Maslow stated that,
naturally, human feel they have a want to fulfill the needs that are lower down hierarchy before
attending to the higher ones. Maslow’s five-tier model is comprised of; 1) physiological needs which
are basic needs such as food and water; 2) safety needs; 3) belongingness and love needs such as
intimate relationships; 4) esteem needs or the feeling of accomplishment; and 5) self-actualisation
which refers to full potential achievement.
Related research
Nuanphan Bunyarit (2015) studied “A study of Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees of
Chonburi Provincial Administration Organization” and found that factors influencing work has a
mean of 3.58, work motivations has a mean of 3.56, and work efficiency in Chonburi Provincial
Administration Organisation staffs has a mean of 3.78 which is considered as high.
Hypothesis testing revealed factors affecting work efficiency are structure and ability. Such factor is
found to have relationship with work efficiency at a low level (R = .492) and it affects the work
efficiency of Chonburi Provincial Administration Organisation at statistical significance .05 (F =
39.428, df = 2, Sig. = .000).
Factors for work motivation are job position, responsibility, and status. The relationship between
these factors and work efficiency is at a moderate level (R=.727) and affects Chonburi Provincial
Administration Organisation work efficiency at statistical significance.05 (F = 68.633, df = 4, Sig. =
.000).
The overall factors for work motivation has a relationship with work efficiency at a moderate level
and affects Chonburi Provincial Administration Organisation work efficiency at statistical
significance.05 (F = 164.651, df = 1, Sig. = .000). Influencing factors on the overall do not have effect
on Chonburi Provincial Administration Organisation work efficiency.
Methee Praichit (2556) studied “Determination of The impact factors on The reinforcement upon
The employees’ performance Case study: Sutani company limited” and found that the
environmental aspect which contribute the level of work efficiency was on a moderate level.
Stability affects work efficiency also at a moderate level. Payment affects Suthani employees work
efficiency on a low level. Respect and recognition have moderate effect on work efficiency. Job
characteristic affects work efficiency on a low level. Interpersonal community affects work
efficiency at a moderate level. Additionally, training and personal development affect work
efficiency on a low level.
Research methodology
Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees in Nonthaburi Provincial Administration
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 51
Organisation is a quantitative research. It used survey questionnaires as tools for data collection.
The population of this research is Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation staffs which
comprised of government officers, full-time, and part-time employees equivalent to 503 people
(information updated on the 18th of February 2019).
The population sample is 230 government officers, full-time, part-time employees. The population
sample is calculated using Yamane’s (1973) theory.
1. Data collection
Data collection procedures for Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees in Nonthaburi
Provincial Administration Organisation research are as follow;
1) Sending the Mayor of Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation an official
request from Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for permission in conducting a data collection at
their workplace.
2) The researcher distributed survey questionnaires to participants
3) The researcher collects back the survey questionnaires in order to examine for data
accuracy for further statistical analysis.
The survey can be differentiated into 3 sections;
Part 1: asking for personal information such as gender, age, education level, income level,
and length of employment. The questions on this section are close-ended questions in a checklist
form.
Part 2: are questions regarding factors affecting their work efficiency. The questions on
this section are formulated from Herzberg’s theory. The participants answer the questions in Likert
satisfaction scale (Likert, 1932).
Part 3: participants answer questions using Likert scale. The questions are on work efficiency of
Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation.
2. Data analysis
The research uses SPSS for data analysis and it is divided into two parts:
1) Descriptive statistical analysis analyzing basic information in forms of frequency,
percentage, mean and standard deviation.
2) Inferential statistical analysis for hypothesis testing in order to find out personal and
motivational factors influencing Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation employees
through Multiple Regression Analysis.
Research finding
The result revealed;
1. The majority of Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation are female (159 officers).
Seventy-one of them are male. Most of the employees are between 30-40 years old. They have at
least a bachelor degree education. They have a monthly income between 15,000 – 24,999 Baht and
have worked at the organisation for at least 5 – 10 years. Most of them are also government
employees.
2. The level of motivational factor influencing work efficiency at the organisation is on a high level
overall. The aspects with high level of satisfactions are responsibility, work achievement, employee’s
status, and job characteristic. The aspects with moderate satisfaction level are recognition,
interpersonal relationship, stability and safety, pay, career advancement, and work environment.
3. Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation have high satisfaction level on work
efficiency. The order from most to least can be listed consecutively as; cost-effective use of
resources, work quality, and good operational speed.
4. From multiple regression analysis, it was found factors influencing work efficiency in terms of
personal factors are gender, age, education level, income level, work duration, and type of
employment. Motivational factors are work achievement, recognition, job characteristic, work
responsibility, and career advancement. Additionally, the hygiene factors are pay, interpersonal
relationship within the organisation, job position, work environment, and stability and safety at
work. In statistical term, it can be described that the independent variables have an ability to
explain work efficiency variance at 66 percent (R2 = 0.660).
Result discussion
The research studies 230 samples in which the majorities are female age between 30-40 years old.
They have at least a bachelor degree education and a monthly income between 15,000-24,999 Baht.
They have worked in the organisation for at least 5-10 years and most of them are government
employees. The result of the samples can be discussed as follow;
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 52
1. The motivational level of Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation is at a high level on
the overall. The aspects with high level of satisfactions are responsibility, work achievement,
employee’s status, and job characteristic. This shown the employees have good planning and able to
complete the task as assigned. They are responsible, attentive, thorough, and have an ability to solve
work-related problems. It also means the organisation have given appropriate roles and
responsibilities to their employees according to each individual’s specialisation. The result
corresponds to Vassana Pattananunchai (2010)’s study on motivational factors affecting work
efficiency of employees working at the Crown Property Bureau that the majority of the employees
have high motivational factors and hygiene factors. The three highest motivational factors are
work achievement, work responsibility, and job characteristics.
2. On the overall, the employees have high satisfaction level towards work efficiency. These include
high opinions toward cost-effective resource usage, work quality, and performance speed. The
result shown Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organsation employees work accurately and
effectively. They could complete their tasks on time. They have planning ability. They continuously
develop skills necessary for work. They made use of resources effectively. Correspondingly,
Panyaporn Thitipong (2015)’s on motivational factors influencing work efficiency of Inter Expert
Construction employees also found high efficiency level of the employees on the overall, and the
finding shown work quality was at a high level.
3. Factors affecting work efficiency of Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation are
personal factors (type of employee) and motivational factors such as responsibility, pay, job
position, work environment, and stability and safety.
Type of employee affects work efficiency of because each types of employee are assigned with
different jobs and responsibilities. Each role requires different skills, knowledge, and experiences
for task completion, therefore it influences the level of work efficiency. The finding coincides with
Charinee Chansangsri (1997)’s study on factors affecting work efficiency of employees from an air
traffic control company which discovered factors influencing work efficiency are marital status, job
position, income, and job satisfaction.
‘Responsibility’ factor affects the employees because work performance is dependable on
individual’s responsibilities. High responsibility would generate better work accomplishment and
vice versa. The result corresponds with Nuanphan Bunyarit (2015)’s study on work efficiency of
Choburi Provincial Administration Organisation employees which found ‘work responsibility’ has
effect on the employees’ work efficiency.
‘Pay’ affects Nonthaburi Provincial Organisation employees because pay is a crucial factor in
determining motivation level for employees. It is undeniable to say money is a necessity for a
maintaining a good living standard, therefore, it is one of the most important factors at work. The
result complements Wanvisa Samorn (2008)’s study on satisfaction levels towards work efficiency
for Catolet employees and found that ‘pay’ is one of the factors affecting work performance.
‘Job position’ affects Nonthaburi Provincial Organisation employees because each position is
assigned with different duties, therefore, employees with different skills are selected for certain
positions and given a different pay. The result coincides with Nuanphan Bunyarit (2015)’s study on
factor affecting work efficient of Chonburi Provincial Administration Organisation employees that
‘job position’ is one of the motivational factors affecting the work efficiency.
‘Work environment’ affects work efficiency because if facilities were not suitable for good working
condition, employees are less likely to want to be at the workplace. For an example, if the workplace
is tiny and the room is not fully ventilated, employees can be less motivated at work as they need to
spend at least 8 hours a day at the site. This coincides with Methee Praichit (2013)’s study on factors
affecting work efficiency of Suthani company that ‘work environment’ is rated at moderately
important for work efficiency.
‘Stability and safety at work’ affects work efficiency because safety and security is one of the basic
factors for job performance. If employees found the organisation is trustworthy, they are likely to
feel more secure and vice versa. Less stability and less trust can enable employees to work less
efficiently. The result coincides with Methee Praichit (2013)’s study on factors affecting work
efficiency of Suthani company which revealed that that ‘stability and safety at work’ is a factor
contributed to work efficiency.
Recommendations
Some recommendations following the study on Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees in
Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation are;
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The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 53
1. Organisation should adjust employees’ salary based upon employee’s skills and knowledge and
should provide stability, security, and safety at work to increase e trust within the organisation.
2. Organisation should moderate workplace facilities for it to be in appropriate condition in order
to increase employees’ motivation. For an instance, if the size of room is too small for the amount of
employees they could become less motivated.
3. Organisation should provide up-to-date facilities that are sufficient to serve numbers of
employees in the organisation in order to increase work efficiency.
4. Organisation should organised activities which can formulate better interpersonal relationship
among employees. This is to enhance happiness and camaraderie between employees.
Future research recommendation
1. There should be studies on other factors affecting employees’ work efficiency.
2. There should be a qualitative research for in-depth interview to take place in order to
determine obstacles at work.
3. There should be studies on different type of organisation in order to cultivate and widen
knowledge on work efficiency.
REFERENCES
Bunyarit N. (2015). A study of Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees of
Chonburi Provincial Administration Organization. Plublic Management. Burapha University.
Chansangsri C. (1997). Factors affecting the efficiency of air traffic control officers of
Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Limited. National Institute of Development
Administration.
Nahuai S. (2011). Factors Affecting the performance according to the secret police,
constabulary 3, secret police headquarters 1, secret police general headquarters.
Mahamakut Buddhist University.
Pattananunchai V. (2010). Factors Affecting Work Motivation among Officers of the
Crown Property Bureau. Social Development. National Institute of Development Administration.
Praichit M. (2013). Determination of The impact factors on The reinforcement upon The
employees’ performance Case study: Sutani company limited. Bangkokthonburi
University.
Samorn W. (2008). Opinions of factors effect to efficiency of employee’s operation in
Katolec (Thailand) CO.,LTD. Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University.
Siehasena P. (2014). Work motivation among personnel working for Khai Noenwong
sub-district municiplality, Tambon Bang Kha-ja, Amphoe Muang, Chanthaburi Province.
Public and Private Management Program. Burapha University.
Thitipong P. (2015). Motivation which affects the efficiency in operation of the Personnel
towards the Construction company: Inter Expert construction.,LTD. Silpakorn
University.
Tararat Takhiansok
ERCICSSH1924115
The Quality of Work Life in Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Case Study of Sri-khema Market,
Bangsue District, Bangkok
Tararat Takhiansok
Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat
University, Bangkok
Boonwat Sawangwong
Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha
Rajabhat University, Bangkok
Abstract
The objective of this study is to: 1) study the level of quality of work life in migrant workers and; 2)
to compare the level of quality of work life in migrant workers differentiated by personal factors.
The research uses quantitative method to study 232 participants in Sri-khema Market in Bangsue
district of Bangkok. It used surveys for data collection. Statistical analysis was done using
frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and One-way ANOVA. If the overall
ANOVA resulted in a P value less than 0.05, Least Significant Method would be used to produce
pairwise comparison. The result found;
1. The level of quality of life overall is at high level with a mean of 3.60. Once studied by aspect, it
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 54
was found that ‘work benefiting the society’ was rated the highest at 4.17, follow by ‘fair wages’ at
4.16 and ‘safe and healthy working condition’ at 4.09 consecutively.
2. The comparison of level of quality of life in migrant workers in Sri-khema Market in Bangsue
district of Bangkok differentiated by personal factors found: gender, marital status, education level,
and income level do not induce different level of quality of life whereas age, nationality and length
of employment induce differences in the levels of quality of life.
Keywords: Quality Of Work Life, Migrant Workers, Sri-Khema Community
Introduction
Thailand had continuously encountered unlawful entries by illegal migrant workers for
some time. Governments after governments attempted to solve the issue but had been unsuccessful.
Ever since 1996, the amount of unlawful entries by these workers increased significantly due to
business and industrial growth which demanded a greater number of workers. Thai workers were
seen as incapable of working labour or risky jobs whereas the workers from the neighboring
countries with slower economic growth are not put off by it. (International Labour Organization
(ILO),(2012)
Thailand have need for migrant workers due to the lack of labour in particularly in the
area of fishery, downstream industry, agricultural, construction, and maiden services. Therefore,
importing migrant workers can chiefly benefit the country. Thai borders are connected to countries
like Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia making them easily commutable and accessible,
subsequently, it is also the reason why migrant workers chose to work in Thailand. The higher
number of migrant workers do not lower employments in Thai people. Therefore, the country
should aim to promote human rights and human dignity allowing everyone to freely choose their
jobs, to have basic awareness of work rights, and obtain enough income to provide basic economic,
social, and social protection to themselves and families.
Having a quality work life is a fundamental basic to survival. Having a quality life is dependable on
4 main factors which are physical factor, mental factor, social factor and economical factor. These
are the basic requirements which will enable migrant workers in Sri-khema market, Bangsue
district of Bangkok to work effectively according to goal as well as promoting organisational
development and quality employees.
Research objectives
1. To study the level of quality of life in migrant workers in Sri-khema market, Bangsue
district, Bangkok.
2. To compare the level of quality of life in migrant workers in Sri-khema district, differentiated by
personal factors.
Literature review
The Quality of Life in Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Case Study of Sri-khema Market,
Bangsue District, Bangkok, is developed from the studies of concepts, theories, research and
dissertation on migrant workers. The following review can be summarized as follow;
1) The concept of quality work life
Walton (1973) stressed that quality work life is the life that responds to each individual’s
needs and characterized by personal and social influences.
2) The theory of quality work life
Walton (1973, 12-18) claimed the eight main factors contributed to a quality work life are:
1. Fair wages
2. Safe and healthy working condition
3. Career growth and job stability
4. Social integration
5. Personal development
6. Workplace democracy
7. Work-life balance
8. Benefit to the society
The following theory placed emphasis on fair wages, safe and healthy working condition,
stability and career advancement, personal development, social integration, workplace democracy,
work-life balance and work benefiting the society. These are the basics to work efficiency and
effectiveness, as well as the key to increasing productivity.
3) The concept of migrant workers
Migrant workers refer to migration of labour from one country to another. The people that
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The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 55
belong to the original community interacts with the new one through the basis of employment.
Migrant workers exist throughout countries especially in the era where transportation is easily
accessible and commuting in long distance is no longer an obstacle as in the past. Moreover, the
rapid change in economic, social, political, and cultural factor are what contributed to global
capitalism.
4) Relevant research
Tatsanee Charttai (2017) studied the quality of work life of Dhurakij Pundit University’s personnel
and found that the staffs have high work life quality on the overall and different personal factors do
not create difference in work life quality. Employees with different personal factors do not placed
the importance of work life quality differently. They were particularly pleased with the ‘fair wages’.
Attaphong Limkanchanawat (2015) studied The Employment of Migrant Workers in Suratthani.
Entrepreneur and found the employment on the overall is at high level. When considered by aspect,
from most to least, the means were in the following order: work benefiting the society, personal
development, social integration, workplace democracy, career advancement and stability, follow by
safe and healthy working condition.
The following documentary review concluded that the quality of work life of migrant
workers in different places are at different levels. The framework of the research can, therefore, be
established as follow:
(Independent Variables)
Personal factors 1. Gender 2. Age 3. Marital status 4. Education level 5. Income level 6. Nationality 7. Length of employment
Methodology
The research is a quantitative research. It used survey as data collection instrument examining data
from 232 people representing the total population of 550 migrant workers in Sri-khema market,
Bangsue district, Bangkok. The population sample is calculated using Taro Yamane’s theory and
stratified random sampling method is performed to obtain information from 232 key informants.
From this study, the research used survey questionnaire that is built on the realm of theory
and concepts studied from documentary research. Data collection is divided into information
obtained from primary data (232 people) and secondary data. The researcher used SPSS to analyse
personal factors such as gender, age, marital status, education level, income, nationality and
employment duration. Statistics used are descriptive statistic such as frequency, percentage, mean
and standard deviation. The hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics. T-test was used to
compare the mean between the two independent groups and F-test as well as one-way analysis of
variance were used for comparison of mean calculated from more than two groups. If the P value is
less than 0.05, Least Significant Method were used to produce pairwise comparison.
Research finding
Part 1: result analysis of personal information of migrant workers in Sri-khema market, Bangsue
district of Thailand found the majority of migrant workers amounted to 148 people are male
(63.8%) age between 30-39 years (76.3%) and are married (79.3%). 127 finished high school
education (54.7%) and have monthly income between 15,001-20,000 Baht (59.1%). Most of them or
131 people are Cambodian (56.5%) and 43.5% have worked between 6 to 10 years.
Part 2: the result analysis for the level of work life quality of migrant workers in Thailand from the
area is found to be on a high level (x ̅ = 3.60, SD = .270). When consider by aspect, ‘benefit to the
society’ is at the highest level (x ̅ = 4.17, SD = .302), follow by ‘fair wages’ (x ̅ = 4.16, SD = .495), ‘safe
and healthy working condition’ (x ̅ = 4.09, SD = .384), and ‘relationship in workplace’ (x ̅ = 3.73, SD
(Dependent Variables)
Quality work life 1. Fair wages
2. Safe and healthy working condition
3. Career growth and job stability
4. Social integration
5. Personal development
6. Workplace democracy
7. Work-life balance
8. Benefit to the society
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= .393). Additionally, ‘democracy in workplace’ (x ̅ = 3.28, SD = .406), ‘stability and career
advancement’ (x ̅ = 3.25, SD = .566), ‘work-life balance’ (x ̅ = 3.08, SD = .320), and ‘personal
development’ (x ̅ = 3.06, SD = .615) are rated at a moderate level as shown on Table 1.
Table 1: mean and standard deviation of the quality of work life in migrant workers in Sri-kheme
market, Bangsue, Bangkok
Quality work life
Quality work life level
Sequence Mean S.D. Satisfaction
1. Fair wages 4.16 .495 High 2
2. Safe and healthy working condition 4.09 .384 High 3
3. Career growth and job stability 3.25 .566 Medium 6
4. Social integration 3.06 .615 Medium 8
5. Personal development 3.73 .393 High 4
6. Workplace democracy 3.28 .406 Medium 5
7. Work-life balance 3.08 .320 Medium 7
8. Benefit to the society 4.17 .302 High 1
Total 3.60 .270 High -
Part 3: the result analysis showing comparison of level of quality of life in migrant workers in Sri-
khema Market in Bangsue district of Bangkok differentiated by personal factors found:
1 ) Gender: the p-value of gender is at .645 which is more than 0.05 therefore, migrant
workers with different genders do not have significant difference in the level of work life quality.
The result accepts the null hypothesis and can be display as shown on Table 2. Table 2: the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in
Sri-khema district, Bangsue, Bangkok by gender
( n=232 )
Quality work life gender �̅� S.D. t df P value
Total Male 3.61 .286 .462 198 .645
Female 3.59 .240
*statistical significance .05
2) Age: the p-value is 0.04 which is smaller than 0.05 therefore it rejects the null hypothesis
stating that migrant workers of different age has different level of work life quality. The data is
shown on Table 3.
Table 3 the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in Sri-
khema district, Bangsue, Bangkok by age
( n=232 )
Source of variance df SS MS F P value
Between-Group variance 2 .799 .399 5.701 .004*
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The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 57
Within-Group variance 229 16.045 .070
Total 231 16.844
*statistical significance .05
3) Marital status: the p-value is at .094 which is larger than 0.05 meaning different marital
status does not necessary foster significant difference in the level of work life quality, hence, the
result accepts the null hypothesis as shown on Table 4.
Table 4: the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in
Sri-khema district, Bangsue, Bangkok by marital status
Source of variance df SS MS F P value
Between-Group variance 2 .344 .172 2.386 0.94
Within-Group variance 229 16.500 .072
Total 231 16.844
*statistical significance .05
4) Education: the p-value is at .338 and is larger than 0.05, thus, it accepts the null
hypothesis stating different education level do not induce significant difference in the work life
quality of migrant workers.
Table 5: the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in
Sri-khema district, Bangsue, Bangkok by education level
Source of variance df SS MS F P value
Between-Group variance 2 .159 .079 1.091 .338
Within-Group variance 229 16.685 .073
Total 231 16.844
*statistical significance .05
5) Income: p-value is at .398 which is larger than 0.05, thus, it accepts the hypothesis stating
migrant workers with different level of income do not have different work life quality as shown on
Table 6.
Table 6: the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in Sri-khema
district, Bangsue, Bangkok by income level
Source of variance df SS MS F P value
Between-Group variance 2 .135 .067 .924 .398
Within-Group variance 229 16.709 .073
Total 231 16.884
*statistical significance .05
6) Nationality: the p-value is at .002 which is smaller than 0.05, therefore, it rejects the null
hypothesis stating migrant workers with different nationality have different level of work life
quality.
Table 7: the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in Sri-khema
district, Bangsue, Bangkok by nationality
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 58
Source of variance df SS MS F P value
Between-Group variance 2 .902 .451 6.475 .002*
Within-Group variance 229 15.942 .070
Total 231 16.844
7) Length of employment: p-value is at .000 which is smaller than 0.05, which means migrant
workers with different length of employment have significant difference in work life quality. The
result rejects the null hypothesis as shown on Table 8.
Table 8: the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in Sri-khema
district, Bangsue, Bangkok by length of employment
Source of variance df SS MS F P value
Between-Group variance 2 1.806 .903 13.752 .000*
Within-Group variance 229 15.038 .066
Total 231 16.844
*statistical significance .05
Using t-test the result concludes that migrant workers of different gender do not have significant
difference in work life quality and accepts the hypothesis. From One-way ANOVA test, it was found
that migrant workers with different marital status, education level, and income do not have
significant difference in work life quality, therefore also accepts the null hypothesis. On the other
hand, the results shown significant difference exists in the work life quality level in migrant workers
with different age, nationality, and length of employment which subsequently rejects the null
hypothesis.
Results discussion
The level of quality of work life in migrant workers working in Sri-khema market in
Bangsue district of Bangkok is at a high level on the overall. The result corresponds to
Attaphong Limkanchanawat (2015)’s study on The Employment of Migrant Workers in Suratthani
Entrepreneur which also revealed the quality of work life at a high level. This could be because
employers had paid attention to their employees’ well beings in terms of social integration and safe
and healthy working condition in which the two factors directly contributed to a high quality of
work life. Moreover, the company also provided adequate and fair wages to the employees. They
received incentive for working over-time and were satisfied with the pay. Relatively, Maslow’s
theory stated life satisfaction came from the fulfillment of; physiological needs that are the basis for
survival; security and safety needs, therefore, the employees are likely to be satisfied if the company
provides safe and healthy working condition. The next three level of needs are ‘mental’. These
needs are love and belongingness needs, esteem needs and self actualisation needs. The workers did
not have career advancement, thus, self-actualisation needs is not fulfilled. They did not have
adequate skills development; therefore, their esteem needs are not fulfilled. However, they had a
good relationship with co-workers and were well accepted in the community and were treated with
kindness by their employers, their love and belonging needs are fulfilled. As for democracy in the
organisation; because work responsibility was fixated and straight forward, migrant workers did
not have the opportunities to reject work that is not bounded by their duties. The migrant workers
were satisfied with their tasks. They were entitled for holidays and assigned resting period in
between the day. They were allowed day-off and taken appropriate leaves. They had no issue
managing a work-life balance lifestyle. They could spend time with family and friends outside work
and most of the time not limited by their duties at work. In terms of work that is beneficial to the
society, it was found migrant workers happily took part in giving back to their community and their
environment. All these factors enabled migrant workers in Sri-khema market to feel they have high
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 59
quality of work life. In terms of personal factors, the result discovered;
1) Migrant workers with different gender do not have significant difference in work life quality and
accepts the null hypothesis. This is because both genders were able to equally access services
necessary for good work life quality. The discovery coincides with the result found by Tatsanee
Charttai (2017) on the quality of work life of Dhurakij Pundit University’s personnel in which both
genders also did not contribute to significant difference in work life quality.
2) Migrant workers with different age have significant difference in work life quality and
rejects the null hypothesis. This is because migrant workers age between 30-39 years old have
higher work life quality than those from other age ranges. Jamrat Unsriong (2014)’s work
discovered Myanmar migrant workers age between 21-30 years old displayed significant difference
in the work life quality.
3) Migrant workers with different marital status do not have significant difference in work
life quality and accepts the null hypothesis. This is because migrant workers, regardless of their
marital statuses, were able to equally access services necessary for a quality work life. The result
from this research also corresponds to Tatsanee Charttai (2017)’s work on the quality of work life
of Dhurakij Pundit University’s personnel in which both marital status did not contribute to
significant difference in work life quality.
4) Migrant workers with different education level do not have significant difference in work
life quality, therefore, the result accepts the null hypothesis. Part of the reason could be because the
nature of their work did not demand highly developed skills that come from school education. And
also because migrant workers, regardless of their education levels, were able to equally access
services necessary for a quality work life. The result from this research also corresponds to Srisuda
Mchamian (2010)’s study on the quality of work life of Nakornchaisri people, Nakornpathom, that
found people of different genders, educational level and marital status that had different types of
illness did not have significant difference in work life quality.
5) Migrant workers with different level of income do not have significant difference in work
life quality and the result accepts the null hypothesis. This is because migrant workers with
different level of income were still able to respond to their personal needs and satisfaction. They
were content at work. The result coincide with Tatsanee Charttai (2017)’s work on the quality of
work life of Dhurakij Pundit University’s personnel in which income did not contribute to
significant difference in work life quality.
6) Migrant workers with different nationality have significant difference in work life
quality and it rejects the null hypothesis. Part of the reason may come from the fact that
Cambodian migrant workers had higher work life quality than other nationalities, therefore, they
feel they have high quality work life. The result supports Teeraphong Phuripanig (2003)’s work on
the Quality of Life of Lawful Migrant Workers in Chonburi which found different nationalities may
have different abilities in adapting to the new environment, therefore, the factor contributed to
significant difference in work life quality.
7) Migrant workers with different employment length have significant difference in the
quality of work life and accepts the null hypothesis. This is because migrant workers who were
employed more than ten years have significantly higher work life quality than migrant workers in
other employment period. Migrant workers with employment of more than ten years feel they have
high work life quality which coincides with Teeraphong Phuripanig (2003)’s study work on the
Quality of Life of Lawful Migrant Workers in Chonburi that found different employment length
contributed to significant difference in work life quality. The author speculated that migrant
workers with longer employment period were able to come to terms with issues and obstacles they
faced, they subsequently had less stress, and have higher satisfaction toward their work life quality.
Recommendations
1. The government should formulate appropriate income policy that corresponds to economy today.
They should adjust pay wages of similar organisations type and size to have similar wages. In terms
of democracy in organisation, they should arrange trainings and meetings for migrant workers in
the organisation in order to find out existing issues, provide solutions, and improve work efficiency.
2. There should be comparative study with other organisation of the same type and size to find out
whether the results on migrant workers’ work life quality of these organisations complement each
other.
REFERENCES
Charttai. T. (2017). Quality of working life of personnel at Dhurakij Pundit University.
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The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 60
Dhurakij Pundit University.
Foreign workers administration office. (2015, October 6). News Office of Foreign Workers
Administration on Registration of Foreign Workers of Myanmar, Laos and Cambodians. 2019,
March 20, Retrieved from http://wp.doe.go.th/wp/images/pr/pr061058.pdf
Foreign workers administration office. (2016, March 30). Employer's Guide to Register
Foreign Workers. 2019, March 20, Retrieved from http://wp.doe.go.th/wp/images/pr/pr5902.pdf
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2012). Thailand: New Ministerial Regulations
to better protect the rights of domestic workers. 2019, March 20, Retrieved from
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---sro-
bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_125651.pdf
Limkanchanawat. A. (2015). The Employment of Migrant Workers in Suratthani.
Journal of Management Science, Suratthani Rajabhat University,2,93.
Mechamran. S. (2010). Quality of life of the people in Nakhonchaisri district, Nakhon
Pathom province. Silpakorn Journal of Research Sciences, 1(2), 269-281.
Noiwong. P. (1998). Quality of working life of industrial workers Electronics: A case
Study of MiniBae Thai Company Limited. Kasetsart University, Bangkok.
Phuripanig. T. (2003). Quality of working life of foreign labors with work permit: A case
Study in Chonburi province. Burapha University. Chonburi (Thailand). Graduate School.
Prachathai. (2007, October 19). Overview of migrant workers in Thailand. 2019, March 20,
Retrieved from https://prachatai.com/journal/2007/10/14573.
Santiong. T. (1994). Organization behavior. (383–385). Bangkok: Watana Panit Thai
Printing House.
Thongsamsi. W. (2016). Quality of Life among Immigrant Workers in Amphoe Kantang,
Changwat Trang. Bachelor Thesis, Public Health (Community Health), Sirindhorn College of
Public Health, Trang Province.
Ungsriwong. J. (2004). Quality of work life of the Burmese migrant workers in Samut
Sakhon province. Journal of Human Society Review Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, 16(1), 85-99.
Walton, R.E. (1973). Quality of life: What is it? Slone Management Review 15th
(September): 12–18.
Yamane, T. (1970). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis (2nd ed.). Tokyo: John Weather
hill, Inc.
Thatdao Kraiya
ERCICSSH1924116
Expectations towards the Welfare of Non-commissioned Police Officers: A Case Study of Nanglerng
Police Station
Thatdao Kraiya
Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat
University, Bangkok
Khanthong Jaidee
Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha
Rajabhat University, Bangkok
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study: 1) the welfare satisfaction; 2) the welfare expectations
and; 3) the level of needs for welfare of the non-commissioned police officers working in Nanglerng
police station. The research is Quantitative Research. The samples were 131 non-commissioned
police officers in Nanglerng Police Station. The instruments used in this research were
questionnaire. The statistics used in the analysis are percentage, mean, and necessary needs are
priortised using Modified Priority Needs Index (〖PNI〗_Modified) method.
The results showed that satisfaction towards the welfare of non-commissioned police officers in
Nanglearng Police Station on the overall was at a low level with an average 2.226. When considering
each aspect, it was found that the highest aspect is “health care” followed by “economy” and it was
found that the lowest aspect is “education”. Moreover, the results shown the expectations towards
the welfare of non-commissioned police officers in Nanglerng police station on the overall, was at
the highest level with an average of 4.602. When considered by aspect, it was found that the highest
aspect is “education” followed by “security” and the lowest aspect is “health care”. And the need
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 61
for welfare of non-commissioned police officers in Nanglerng police station on the overall in ranked
by aspects, in order of importance, are “education”, “security”, “recreation”, “economy” and
“health care.”
Keywords: Expectation, Welfare, Non-commissioned police, Nanglerng Police Station
Introduction
Income distribution is an issue found in almost every country, both in terms of economic and social
aspect. Issue of inequality of income and poverty can be solved using various solutions. In Thailand,
the solution is proposed in terms of welfare reform. There are four aspects to the reform; 1.)
welfare services such as education, health, work and income, and sports; 2.) social security in forms
of National Savings Fund and pensioning; 3.) social assistance such as child assistance and disability
assistance, living assistance, and work and income assistance; 4.) social promotion such as
community welfare, community strengthening, civil society empowerment program, and
establishment of social enterprise. (National Reform Steering Assembly , 2015) Nonetheless, welfare
reform have not been successful because of its inadequacy. Despite other improvements, but the
image of police officers, in particularly the non-commissioned officers, have not been better. They
have insufficient funding because of the low income, which also lead to corruption in order to
provide for their families. Retrospectively, if welfare reform was successful, it would assist the non-
commissioned officers and helped increase their work efficiency.
Non-commissioned officers are crucial manpower to the Royal Thai Police. They work closely with
the community, therefore, Royal Thai Police’s work accomplishment is dependable on non-
commissioned officers’ competency. (Sunisa Thattiyapong, 2010) Non-commissioned officers
welfare is immensely important because most of the officers have low income which is hardly
enough to cover their basic expenses. Welfare system can contribute to a better life quality and
increase work performance. Although welfare is provided but it is still not sufficient and not
responding to their needs. The study shown many of the non-commissioned officers are in debt
because of the higher live costs. Their income only covers 75 percent of the expenses. Overall,
officers in the positions of Police Lance Corporal to Police Senior Sergeant Major repay their debt
at approximately 4,269.81 Baht every month. (Pondsapat Pongrean, 2003 : 182-184)
Nanglerng police station is under the restriction of Metropolitan Police Division. They have the
duty to provide security, to protect and serve the people living in Bangkok region. Additionally,
because the station is situated near many royal palaces such as Suankularb Palace, Chitralada
Palace, Paruksakawun Palace, Pitsanulok House, and the United Nations, they must also provide
security to the royal family, assist and provide convenience to royal members for their travels. The
station currently encountered shortage of labour as shown:
Table 1: manpower rate of non-commissioned police officer at Nanglerng police station
Order Position Positions
available All
Available
for work
Gone to
help
Came
to help
Actual number
of police
working
1 Administrative
work 9 3 6 2 - 1
2 Prevention and
suppression work 157 91 66 17 5 79
3 Traffic duty 60 45 15 2 - 43
4 Investigation
section 10 6 4 - 1 7
5 Inquiry section 9 - 9 - 1 1
Total 245 145 100 21 7 131
Source: Registration and Personel Division, Nanglerng Police Station (4th February 2019)
The table shows there are 245 positions available in the station but only 131 police officers are at
work. This means there is high shortage of manpower at Nanglerng police station. Due to the
increase in assignments and workload, it is important that the welfare arrangement for Nanglerng
police station police officers is sorted out as soon as possible. This is to organise appropriate welfare
for the officers and increase motivation at work, to subsequently meeting the goals of the Royal
Thai Police. The researcher, therefore, wishes to study Expectations towards the Welfare of Non-
commissioned Police Officers: A Case Study of Nanglerng Police Station in order to find out
necessary satisfaction factors and expectations they have on their welfare, in which it would
ultimately lead to improvement of solutions that better respond to the true needs of those non-
commissioned officers.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 62
Research objectives
1) To study the welfare satisfaction of the non-commissioned police officers working in Nanglerng
police station
2) To study welfare expectations of the non-commissioned police officers working in Nanglerng
police station
3) To study the actual needs for welfare of the non-commissioned police officers working in
Nanglerng police station
Literature review
1. Concept and theory about welfare
1.1 Definition
Sonsiri (2010) gave a definition to welfare as ‘employee services and benefit program’.
Welfare refers to services or activities a unit or an organisation allocates for employees within the
organisation for them to receive convenience, stability, and other benefits aside from monthly salary
or regular payment in order to generate motivation at work. So that employees can work efficiently
and with satisfaction when they have no personal uneasiness to deal with.
1.2 The concept of welfare
Pigors & Myers (1981) characterised welfare into 6 distinct aspects:
1. Economic aspect: include imbursements for employee’s family such as low rate mortgage
loan, rent loan, hospital loan, free uniforms, an establishment of credit union, transportation
provision and hire purchase or other forms of leasing.
2. Education aspect: namely education loan, education scholarship for inside and outside the
country, and an establishment of academic library.
3. Social aspect: include provision of general advices, receive complaints, assist with legal
helps and other form of services such cafeteria, restroom, and workplace in general.
4. Recreation aspect: for instance, the provision of sports club, sports activities, recreation
activities, and provision of rest areas.
5. Stability aspect: such as pension, compensation, insurance and aid funds.
6. Health care aspect: provision of regular health checks, medical and nursing unit, hospital
admission, and compensation during sick leaves.
Research framework
From the study of concepts, theories, documents, and relevant research, the researcher has built a
research framework and assign dependent variables based upon Pigors and Myers types of welfare
as follow;
Research methodology
The research is a quantitative research. It used questionnaire surveys as tools for data collection.
Population sample
1. Population
The population of this research are 131 non-commissioned officers from Nanglearng police station.
2. Sample
The research sample are non-commissioned officers from Nanglerng police station; Police Lance
Corporal, Police Corporal, Police Sergeant, Police Sergeant major, and Police Senior Sergeant
Major.
Data collection tool
Questionnaire is used as data collection tool. It is built based up the studies of related
research, documents, and theories. The list of questions is altered to suit the environment and
context of those who are questioned.
Part 1 is comprised of questions constructed based upon independent variables which are
age, education level, length of employment, official rank, responsibility line, monthly salary, and
marital status.
Part 2 is a set of questionnaires about satisfaction and expectation towards non-
commissioned police officer’s welfare at Nanglerng police station in terms of economic, health care,
recreation, stability and education welfare.
Part 3 is consisted of suggestions using open-ended question. Participants can offer their
opinions about satisfaction and expectation towards the welfare as well as possibly suggesting new
solutions to the problems.
Data collection method
Data collection method is as follow:
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 63
1. The researcher wrote an official letter asking for participant cooperation from the
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University to Nanglerng
police station.
2. The researcher requested for a coordination from the general administration and
personnel division, and personally collected the data. Data collection started from the 19th to the
22nd of February 2019. The total number of questionnaires were 131 set, accumulating to 100
percent respond rate.
Statistical analysis
The statistics used were:
1. Descriptive statistic was used to find independent variable and general information of
participants. Descriptive statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.
Such method was completed for the purpose of finding satisfaction and expectation towards
welfare.
2. Modified Priority Needs Index 〖(PNI〗_Modified) was used to conduct ‘need assessment’
for present state as well as future expectation of the non-commissioned police officer at Nanglerng
police station in order to prioritise and classify those needs by order from most to least.
Findings
1. From personal information, it was found that the majority of key informants are over 41 years
old (45 officers) which accumulated to 34.4 percent. The majority of them or 73 officers also hold at
least a bachelor degree qualification (55.7 percent). Thirty-six of them (27.5 percent) have been
employed for at least 3 to 7 years. Fifty-six officers (42.7 percent) are Police Senior Sergeant Major.
More than half are working in prevention and suppression work line
(60.3 percent) and 61 officers (46.6 percent) have at least 20,001 Baht income per month.
Additionally, 65 (49.6 percent) officers are married and living with their spouse.
2. The satisfaction towards welfare of non-commissioned police officers at Nanglerng police station
on the overall is on a low level ( =2.226). When considered by aspect, the highest aspect is healthy
care ( =2.358), follow by economy ( =2.329), recreation and stability
( =2.172), and education ( =2.09) consecutively.
Table 2: satisfaction level towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers at Nanglerng
police station.
Satisfaction towards the welfare of
non-commissioned police officer
Satisfaction level Order
Mean S.D. Results
1. Economy 2.329 .739 low 2
2. Health care 2.358 .872 low 1
3. Recreation 2.172 .974 low 3
4. Security 2.172 974 low 3
5. Education 2.099 .839 low 5
Total 2.226 .839 low
3. The level of expectation towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers at
Nanglerng police station on the overall is relatively high ( X = 4.602) . By aspect, the highest is
‘education’ ( X = 4.631) , follow by ‘stability’ ( X = 4.617) , economy ( X = 4.596) , ‘recreation’
( X =4.595), and ‘health care’ ( X =4.572). The data is shown on the following table:
Table 3: expectation level towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers at
Nanglerng police station
Expectations towards the welfare of
non-commissioned police officer
Expectations level Oder
Mean S.D. Results
1. Economy 4.596 .731 highest 3
2. Health care 4.572 .697 highest 5
3. Recreation 4.595 .690 highest 4
4. Security 4.617 .658 highest 2
5. Education 4.631 .680 highest 1
Totel 4.602 .654 highest
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 64
4. The need assessment revealed that the overall PNI is at 1.081. When considered by aspect, the
highest need is education (PNI=1.206), follow by stability (PNI=1.125), recreation (PNI=1.115),
economy (PNI=0.973), and health care (PNI=0.938) as shown on the table as follow:
Table 4: need assessment level towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers at
Nanglerng police station
Need assessment
Present state Future
expectation PNI Oder
X . .S D Results X . .S D Results 1. Economy 2.329 .739 low 4.596 .731 highest 0.973 4
2. Health care 2.358 .872 low 4.572 .697 highest 0.938 5
3. Recreation 2.172 .974 low 4.595 .690 highest 1.115 3
4. Security 2.172 .974 low 4.617 .658 highest 1.125 2
5. Education 2.099 .967 low 4.631 .680 highest 1.206 1
Totel 2.226 .839 low 4.602 .654 highest 1.071
note : 1. Need Assessment identified the result from most to least using Modified Priority Needs
Index
(PNI modified) to organise order of needs :
𝐍𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭(𝐏𝐍𝐈) =𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐈) − 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞 (𝐃)
𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞 (𝐃)
2. The present state and future expectation of non-commissioned police officer’s welfare allocated
by mean and standard deviation:
1.00-1.49 lowest present state/ lowest future expectation
1.50-2.49 moderately low present state/ moderately low future expectation
2.50-3.49 moderate present state/ moderate future expectation
3.50-4.49 moderately high present state/ moderately high future expectation
4.50-5.00 highest present state/ highest future expectation
3. The order of PNI is placed consecutively from most to least.
Result discussion
The research reveals:
1. Satisfaction towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers working at Nanglerng police
station on the overall is at a low level ( =2.226). The results found by aspect are also on a low level.
This could be because of an imbalance between inadequate salary comparatively to the level of skills
and responsibilities assigned to the officers. Moreover, welfare is a crucial factor to create
motivation and satisfaction at work. Other benefits aside from routine income and salary can
provide assurance for work motivation, feel positively and strongly towards their duty, and for
officers to work efficiently. However, because the country’s budget allocation is limited and not
sufficient to support every unit. Correspondingly, Frederick Herzberg (1995) stressed that work
efficiency come from job satisfaction and that positive motivation factors will induce job
achievement, advancement, responsibility, and recognition. The theory coincides with Sujit
Butdaoweang’s (2009) study on The Welfare of Non-commissioned Traffic Police Officers in Muang
Khon Kaen Police Station, Muang District, Khon Kean Province which also found the overall
satisfaction level towards the welfare is at low level.
2. The expectation towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officer from Nanglerng police
station is at the highest ( =4.602) and it is also at its highest when reflected aspect by aspect. This is
a result of inadequate income and high expenses. Police officers are not satisfied with the level of
their income, disbursement delay, insufficient accommodation, insufficient work facilities, and
insufficient budget for recreational support, therefore, additional welfare is needed. The result
supports Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory which stated human have 5 levels of needs which can
be fulfilled; physiological needs, security or safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs,
and self-actualisation needs. His theory can be used to create work motivation and job stability
(Praitoon Pitaktram, 1998). The theory coincides with Achira Malangan’s (2009) study on The
People’s Expectation towards Hangchat’s Chief Executive of Subdistrict Administrative
Organisation, Lumpang found that the expectation of the people towards the Chief Executive of
SAO is at the highest.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 65
3. The need assessment of expectation towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers at
Nanglerng station found every aspect are attributed as participants’ needs. Despite such needs and
expectation, the government failed to arrange adequate welfare support for their employees. In the
order of importance, from the most needed to the least, the result is put as follow; education aspect,
stability aspect, recreation aspect, economy aspect, and health care aspect respectively.
Education is ranked as most needed by the non-commissioned police officers as they feel
the need to study foreign languages, have access to libraries, and access to trainings for future
promotion such as preparation for commissioned officers exam, which corresponds to Pigors and
Myers’s (1956: 631-369) theory on education welfare which stated that government officials should
be granted oppurtunities for education and training within and outside the country. Their
children’s education should be supported and educational facilities must be provided in order for
them to develop personal advancement. Relatively, Songsiri Wichiranon and Arunee Arunreung’s
(2016) study on An Evaluation of Need Assessment in Organising Suitable Facilities Appropriate
for Learning Development of Rajamongkol Pranakorn University Students found the most
important factor to learning development in terms of facilities are sufficient learning facilities and
content as well as educational service system.
Recommendation for future research
1. Qualitative study should be conducted in order to gain in-depth information on the
matter. Additional information can assist in future organisation development.
2. Satisfaction and expectation study must be conducted in various organisations in order to
exchange advantages and disadvantages for future welfare policy development as a whole.
3. There should be a comparative study on the satisfaction and expectation of welfare.
Reference
Butdaoweang, S. (2009). The Welfare of Non-commissioned Traffic Police Officers In Muang
Khon Kaen Police Station, Muang District, Khon Kean Province.
Thesis in Politics and Government College, Mahamakut Buddhist University. (in Thai)
Herzberg, F. (1995). The Motivation to Work. New York: john Wiley and Sons Inc.
Malangan, A. (2009). The People’s Expectation towards Hangchat’s Chief Executive of Subdistrict
Administrative Organisation, Lumpang. Thesis in Politics and Government College, Mahamakut
Buddhist University. (in Thai)
Maslow, A.H. (1997). Motivation and personality. (2^nd ed.). New York: Haper & Row
Nanglerng Police Station. Registration and Personel Divistion, (4th February 2019)
National Reform Steering Assembly (2015). Pigors, P. and C.A. Myers. (1956). Presonnel
Administration: A Point of View and Method. 3 rd ed. New York : McGraw-Hill Book Compan
Pongcharean, P. (2003). Think again, do it again: The Thaksin police. Bangkok: Bangkok, 2003.
Pitaktram, P. (1998). Policeman's problems security requirement: Case Study non-
commissioned police officer and private policeman in Division 7 Metropolitan Police Bureau. A
minor thesis submitted in Partial Fulfillment, Faculty of Social Administration, Thammasat
University. (in Thai)
Sonsiri, P. (2010). Attaching volues to welfare of workers of Thai City Electric Co.Ltd. Master of
Labor and welfare Development Thesis, Thammasat University. (in Thai)
Thattiyapong, S. (2010). Needs for non-commissioned police welfare officers: A case study of
Headquarters that direct the Office of the National Police. Master's thesis. Krirk University. (in
Thai)
Wichiranon, S. and Arunreung, A. (2019). An Evaluation of Need Assessment in Organising
Suitable Facilities Appropriate for Learning Development of Rajamangala University Techonology
Phra nakhon. Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Techonology Phra nakhon. (in
Thai)
Abu Bakar Siti Anis
Nadia
ERCICSSH1924117
Human Capital and Social Impact towards Social Business Perspectives
Siti Anis Nadia Abu Bakar
Faculty of Accountancy, University Technology Mara Melaka Branch, Malaysia
Dr Vani a/p Tanggamani
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Afidah Sapari
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 66
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Abstract
The provision of various types of public services such as healthcare, social care, transport and waste
collection are crucial for effective functioning of any communities. To date, there is a growing
interest globally on social businesses (SBs) as innovation in providing these services. The emergence
of social business enterprises has in part has been attributed to the increased demand for
sustainability among the non-profit organisations (NPOs) due to diminishing funding from
traditional sources and increased competition for these scarce resources. The rise of SBs contributes
to the social wellbeing of communities and this in turn can be linked directly or indirectly to
economic development of the nation. This reflects that the sustainability level of the country is not
measured in terms of economics alone but also specifically towards the development of human
capital and solving the social problems. Indeed, having both economic and non-economic aims,
social business would be the potential solutions to address a range of societal issues and increase the
efficiency and quality of public sector services that focus on equitable growth with ecological
sustainability that is congruent with the social cause and the social community. In support of this
argument, it is important to explore the relationship between capability of social businesses and the
social impact created. This paper explores the literature focusing on capability based on human
capital and social impact or value created through social businesses. This is expected to provide
some insights on the sustainability and credibility of social businesses to support the government
efforts in moving towards high nation income.
Keywords: Social Enterprise, Third Sector, Human Capital
Aashriti Gautam
ERCICSSH1924118
Nuclear Strategy and Foreign Policy
A Case Study of Russian Nuclear Strategy and its influence on Foreign Policy , 1993-2018
Aashriti Gautam
Research Scholar Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Bipul Biplav Mukherjee
Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi, India
Abstract
While the cold war is long past, the importance of nuclear weapons for Russia remain vital. Close
examination of Russian defence issues, both in their domestic and foreign policy context, suggest
that very strong objective and subjective forces are driving Russia towards enhanced reliance upon
nuclear weapons. This study is concentrating its efforts in two areas: 1) to trace the development of
Russian Nuclear Strategy and the reasons for Russia’s continuous reliance on nuclear
modernisation from a Realist perspective. Under the Realist school of thought, special focus is given
to the Defensive Realism of Kenneth Waltz and Offensive Realism of John Mearsheimer; 2) to
explain that Russian Nuclear Strategy has a direct bearing on its foreign policy relationship with
major powers such as U.S, India and Iran. It seeks to strike a parity with U.S while its nuclear
support to other countries is a part of its re-balancing strategy.
The time frame ( 1993-2018 ) of the study projects - on one hand, both quantitative and qualitative
improvement in the Russian nuclear arsenal and on the other hand, strengthen our understanding
of issues connected with Russia and its nuclear posture especially, Russo-American relations,
Russian foreign and defence policy , the arms control agenda and Russian nuclear cooperation viz a
viz India and Iran .
The research is inter - disciplinary in nature as the discourse is based and conceptualised in the
historical context with social insights to the contemporary development of events. It undertakes
both quantitative and qualitative method of social research that requires both theoretical and
empirical analysis. The importance of this study lies in understanding the typology of effects that
nuclear weapons have on the foreign policies of the states that acquire them. Such work would have
considerable policy relevance, because it would allow policymakers to make more precise
assessments of the foreign policy behaviours of states that possess nuclear weapons.
Keywords : Russian Nuclear Strategy , Defensive Realism , Offensive Realism , Foreign Policy
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 67
Bipul Biplav
Mukherjee
ERCICSSH1924119
Political Economy of Russia : A study on Transition from Neo- Liberalism to State Capitalism ,
1992-2018
Bipul Biplav Mukherjee
Centre for Russian and Central Asian Studies, School of International Studies,Jawaharlal Nehru
University, (JNU), New Delhi, India
Aashriti Gautam
Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Abstract
After the disintegration of Soviet Union and the end of cold war by 1991, Neo-liberalism became the
dominant economic model in the Russia. The Neo-liberal reforms were aimed at ending the
Communist policies of Soviet economic planning and involved - slashing the inordinately high
budget deficit; privatising the state-owned means of production; and opening the economy via
foreign trade and capital account. From 1992-1998 , under Boris Yeltsin , a number of extravagant
and high sounding economic measures such as , “ shock therapy “ , “ loans for share programme”
and “ voucher privatisation “ were introduced to achieve the goal of liberalism . But the outcome of
these reforms was catastrophic for both the economy and the people, as it left the Russian economy
in the hands of a narrow circle of oligarchs. By 1998 ideas of free market and economic liberalism
in Russia became largely discredited and was termed as “years of crony capitalism” .With the
arrival of Putin, the economic policies moved from crony capitalism to state capitalism. Putin tried
to re-nationalise some of the resource based companies, the role of state increased in economic
sphere especially in resource and strategic sectors.
Against this background, the present research seeks to understand - 1) the nature of political
economy in the Soviet Union and how was it different from the West; 2) the political economy of
Russia post Soviet disintegration which involves two phases - (a) the phase of triumphant
neoliberalism and predatory capitalism under Boris Yeltsin and (b) the phase of economic recovery
and a reversal towards state capitalism under Putin.
The research is inter - disciplinary in nature and involves historical, comparative and contemporary
study of Russian Federation. It undertakes both quantitative and qualitative method of social
research that require both theoretical and empirical analysis of the subject. The importance of this
study lies in analysing State Capitalism as an alternative economic model to Neo-liberal world
order. It traces the transition from Neoliberalism to State capitalism in Russia over the past two
decades and its implications for the global capitalist economy.
Keywords: Neo-Liberalism , Shock-Therapy , Privatisation , State - Capitalism , Russia
Ganga Karunathilaka
ERCICSSH1924120
Talent Acquisition as a Strategic Tool of Business Performance
Prof. Ganga Karunathilaka
Faculty of Business, National School of Business Management (NSBM) Green University,
Homagama, Sri Lanka
Abstract
The business performance has been closely tied with the talent management strategies in the hyper-
competitive and increasingly complex global economy in order to attain growth and sustain. The
company which excelled in talent acquisition experienced which leads to leap up the business
performance. Regardless of the size and nature of the business, all the organizations face war for
talent. Hence, acquisition of right talent and making a talent pool can be the biggest challenge. This
study moves forward theory of talent acquisition strategies (TAS) through the practical implication
of private sector organizations in Sri Lanka. The talent acquisition strategies comprise with talent
mapping (TM), talent identification (TI), and talent onboarding (TO). The foremost intention of this
study is to scrutinize the association of talent acquisition strategies on business performance. The
questionnaire survey was conducted for 220 HR professionals in the private sector companies in Sri
Lanka. In order to analyze data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to test for its normality,
and spearman correlation test was used for measuring the relationship between variables and chi-
square analysis was applied for determining the association of variables. The results indicate that
talent acquisition strategies are not associated with business performance in private sector
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 68
companies in Sri Lanka. Internal alignment between talent management strategies and Business
Strategy are suggested for future research as crucial to trump business performance.
Keywords: Talent Management, Talent acquisition, Business performance
Abeer Shahbari-
Kassem
ERCICSSH1924062
The impact of diglossia on the development of morphological awareness in Arabic: A comparison
between mid-high SES and low SES
Shahbari-Kassem Abeer
The Arab Academic College of Education, Elinor Saiegh-Haddad Bar-Ilan University, Haifa,
Nazareth, Israel
The Arab Academic College of Education , Rachel-Schiff Bar-Ilan University, Haifa,
Nazareth, Israel
Abstract
Arabic speakers grow up within a diglossic condition; the existence of Spoken Arabic (SpA)
alongside Standard Arabic (StA), with a remarkable linguistic distance between them across all
language domains (Saiegh-Haddad & Henkin-Roitfarb, 2014).
The study tested the impact of the morphological distance between Spoken Arabic (SpA) and
Standard Arabic (StA) on morphological awareness (analogies and sentence completion for
inflection and derivation) in Arabic-speaking school graders from low versus mid-high Socio-
Economic Status (SES). two hundred students in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th grade (N=40 per
grade) participated in the study. Eight morphological awareness tasks were administered: four of
them employed SpA words and four employed StA words; two tasks within each set (analogy,
sentence completion) tested inflection and derivation awareness.
Repeated measure ANOVA showed that morphological awareness, analogies and sentence
completion for inflection and derivation, was higher in SpA than in StA, and it was higher in mid-
high SES than in low SES; the participants from the low SES were unable to close gap between StA
and SpA for the two analogy tasks, both by inflection and derivation. The mid-high participants,
however, succeeded to close the gap between the StA and SpA by the 8th grade for the two analogy
tasks, both for inflection and derivation. Furthermore, the findings show that children from both
SES groups were not able to close the gap between StA and SpA for the two sentence completion
tasks (inflection and derivation), yet the intensity of the gap was larger in the low SES than in the
mid-high SES.
These underscore the long-lasting impact of diglossia on the development of standard
morphological awareness, while its impact is larger among low SES as opposed to mid-high SES.
Keywords: Diglossia, Morphological Distance, SES, Analogy Awareness, Sentence Completion
Awareness
Jailakshmi Kaul
ERCICSSH1924070
Opium in the social life of China during 15th to 19th Century
Dr. Jailakshmi Kàul
Asst. Professor in Department of History, FSS, BHU, Varanasi, India
Abstract
There have been umpteen number of studies on history of China both its pre and post modern
phases, with Opium as being a major theme of many amongst such well researched publications.
But an integral aspect of this subject (for example questions such as those related with (a)the
generation of the demand for the opium in Chinese society;(b) the participants in the emerging
culture of opium smoking in the country- where at one time recreational smoking of opium was as
foreign as opium itself;(c) causes of the rapid growth of Opium consumption in such a conservative
society by next few decades etc.)has not been addressed so far in the books of history- normally
available for reading. In a way therefore this paper is focussed on placing Opium in its social and
cultural context more than the political aspect such as the opium trade, imperialism , the wars that
followed in its waķe and such other details – which as part of political history are relatively better
known to the laity or to the scholarly world. Keeping in mind the popularity of the opium, after
people of China knew about its recreational value, it seems important to understand the point at
which opium in China was transformed from a medicine into a luxury item consequently pushing
the society to a desperate state and forcing the empire itself to take a position against its use. But
was this successful? Briefly this paper would reveal how this commodity has dehumanised
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 69
/rehumanised the Chinese duringthe most critical phase of their history when confronted with
western imperialism with package of new values.
Keywords : Opium, Medicinal, Hobbyists, Recreational, Smoking Mediums, Luxury
Aruna Sinha
ERCICSSH1924072
Revisiting our Development Strategies
Aruna Sinha
History, Faculty of Social Science BHU, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi, India
Abstract
The words Development, Growth, Material Happiness, Technological innovation, and so on - have
become sine qua non of the present day world order. Since we all are living in a set up - charged
with the energy of 'globalisation' - that is to say a globalised world, in which (unspokenly ofcourse)
it is more or less a blasphemy to talk about 'our national values', 'our cultural values', 'our past',
'our heritage', 'our national heroes', 'our national pride', and some other expressions of the same
genre, it seems important to understand - nay dispassionately evaluate - the prevailing patterns of
growth and development at forums such as the one you have provided us; and to sensitise ourselves
to the evils inherent in such a Development Model - and alternatively also to try evolving a stretegy
for a better quality of life for the globally situated humanity.
Keywords : Growth, Development Strategy, Value Free Social Research, Blasphemy, Happiness,
Material Prosperity, Environmental Impact
Sulaiman Ahmed
ERCICSSH1924077
Comparing the Philosophical and Theological Thought of al-Maturidi with Contemporary and
Classical Philosophers - Free Will in the Thought of al-Maturidi
Sulaiman Ahmed
Faculty of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Wales Trinity Saint David,
Lampeterwales, United Kingdom
Shaykh Abu Mansoor al-Maturidi is an Islamic philosopher and theologian, who is responsible for
establishing one of the two main Sunni theological schools. Despite holding such a significant role in
Islamic theological and philosophical thought, there hasn’t been much analysis on the ideas of al-
Maturidi, despite the fact that he established his own school more than a thousand years ago. I will
be presenting the sixth chapter of my PHD research. The sixth chapter will explore the well-known
positon of Free will. The thesis will present a unique perceptive on free will, because according to
most experts of Islam, Muslims believe in people having free choice, but in reality this is far from
being accurate, with the standard positon of Islam being that everything has been pre-determined.
This thesis will explore this in detail and present the various positions on free will, which includes
the Ashari, Mutazalite and Athari position on free will.
Subhat Dagga
ERCICSSH1924082
Tourism, Cultural Exchange, Hospitality and Social Development in the Post-Modern Era:
Contemporary Issues, Technology Use and Analysis
Subhat Dagga
Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences,
Sehore (M.P.), India
Abstract
Tourism has been central to the existence of human beings today. Social development requires life
style in a balanced manner. Tourism is cultural in nature hence different societies have different
concepts and types of leisure. In this manner hospitality and tourism has been operational to every
society. Leisure and its inventive operation have been critical to social development. The
economists would emphasize upon raising of per capita income and better distribution system.
Sociologists have been emphasizing of the fact that culture has been supreme for the overall
development of human beings, which has an overall influence on the economic activities of the
individual.
Paulyne Joanne
Pascual
ERCICSSH1924091
Human Rights Education Practices of Public Secondary Schools in Division City Schools of Manila
Paulyne Joanne Pascual
Humanities and Social Science, Faculty, Department of Education, Senior High School, Manila,
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 70
Philippines
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the human rights education practices of teachers and students
among public secondary schools in Division City Schools of Manila in terms of curriculum, learning
environment and students’ participation. After assessing this, a proposed sustainability plan was
formulated.
This study used cluster sampling in the selection of schools participants, purposive sampling for
teachers and random sampling technique for students as respondents in gathering data and
information needed for the study and collecting data among public secondary schools in Division
City Schools in Manila.
This study found out that students and teachers often practiced human rights education in terms of
curriculum, learning environment and students’ participation. It is evidently manifested in their
answers in the interview.
Through T-test of independent means, it was revealed that there is a significant difference on the
assessment of the teachers and students in human rights education practices because the assessment
showed that there are specific sub-indicators in curriculum, learning environment and students’
participation that teachers and students have different levels of interpretation.
Furthermore, it was revealed that the school must to sustain their practices in Human Rights
Education. A proposed sustainability plan was formulated based from the findings of the study.
Based from foregoing findings, the following were hereby recommended: (1) The Division City
Schools of Manila must adopt the sustainability plan in order to empower teachers and students
through the suggested actions and activities in the plan. (2) The Department of Education shall hold
benchmarking activities with other countries that have better human rights education practices so
that they will acquire significant insights on how to sustain the existing good practices and improve
those that need essential improvement in the schools in the country and (3) Future studies similar to
the present study should be conducted with larger respondents in other divisions and regions to
validate its findings and results.
Alexandru Maxim
ERCICSSH1924121
The Value of Quick Loans, Healthcare, Jobs and the Environment's Applications of Choice
Modelling In the Valuation of Services
Alexandru Maxim
Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Univeristy of Iași, Romania
Teodora Roman
Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Univeristy of Iași, Romania
Abstract
Throughout history, prices have been the deciding factor in the purchase of a product or service in
most economic systems. Willingness to pay is a strong indirectly self-reported indicator of the
monetary value or the price up to which a customer would decide do make a purchase. The current
paper seeks to identify research areas in which valuation studies could benefit companies,
customers and regulators to identify fair values for intangible services. The topics covered are
healthcare services, loans, declared work and ecosystem services. We propose methodologies that
could answer the question “what is this service worth to your customers?” by implementing choice
modelling techniques, such as discrete choice experiments. The state of the art research in the field
is assessed and the potential academic added value of the proposed approach are outlined.
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research and
Innovation, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.1-PD-2016-1864, within PNCDI III.
Keywords: Willingness To Pay, Valuation Study, Choice Modelling, Healthcare, Ecosystem
Services, Lending Services
Teodora Roman
ERCICSSH1924122
Reverse Logistics in the Eyes of the Consumers Competitive Advantage and Market Positioning
Teodora Roman
Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 71
Univeristy of Iași, Romania
Adriana Manolică
Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Univeristy of Iași, Romania
Maria Madela Abrudan
Department of Management-Marketing, University of Oradea, Romania
Alexandru Maxim
Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Univeristy of Iași, Romania
Abstract
In a society that seems to be increasingly aware of environmental and social issues, focused on
sustainable economic development, some companies have decided to integrate reverse logistics
within their supply chain in order to limit their environmental impact. The current study looks at
such cases in order to identify whether perceived differences exist in the positioning of these
companies compared to those that have maintained the status quo (i.e. no explicit focus on
recovering used products). The scope of the research covers the household appliances sector and
assesses the opinions of 25 to 44 year old consumers in Romania. Aspects that have been analyzed
include: spontaneous notoriety of retailers that recycle used products, the impact of sales
promotions including buy-back schemes, the impact of specialized recycling stores on buying
decisions and level of preference for ‘sustainable’ retailers within the purchase intention. Our
results show that consumers prefer companies that support the recycling of old appliances. Thus,
incorporating sustainable business practices through reverse logistics can be a competitive
advantage for retailers. Further studies based on choice modelling can be used to identify the ‘green
premium’ that consumers are willing to pay to insure that their discarded appliances are recycled
and disposed of properly. Acknowledgement: This work was partially supported by a grant of the
Ministry of Research and Innovation, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.1-PD-2016-
1864, within PNCDI III.
Keywords: Reverse Logistics, Competitive Advantage, Market Positioning, Sustainability,
Consumer Behavior
Anju Unny
YRSICSSH1924051
Disability and Marginalisation: Politics and Public Policy Making in India
Anju Unny
PhD Student, St. Xavier’s College foe Women, Aluva M.G University, Kerala, India, University of
Delhi, India
Abstract
Disability is not an impairment that needs to be cured but the construct of specific socio-cultural
settings that creates an atmosphere of social exclusion and marginalisation. The World Health
Organisation (WHO, 1980) states that “disability is not just a health problem; but it is a complex
phenomenon reflecting the interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the
society in which she or he lives.” Disability is a socially, culturally and politically constructed and
experienced universal phenomenon. Disabled people even today remain as helpless subjects who are
dependent on able-bodied people for their survival and existence. Disabled people remain as
subaltern people at the periphery of the lives of the normal people.
Scott Baum
Labour Market Underutilisation for Older Australians
Scott Baum
Policy Innovation Hub, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
Abstract
In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, although the Australian economy remained largely
buoyant in aggregate terms, outcomes across different groups were not evenly shared. In labor
market terms, different demographic groups appeared to more or less impacted by the post-GFC
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 72
ERCICSSH1924123 economic environment. One such group were older workers, who witnessed a change in
employment fortunes compared to others in the labor force. This paper provides an investigation of
these uneven labor market outcomes and presents an analysis of labor underutilization using pooled
panel data, taking account of both individual level supply-side factors together with the strength of
the local labor market (demand-side). The result is an analysis that accounts for the impact of
changing macroeconomy, local labor market conditions and the employability assets of older
individuals.
Desi Karmila
ERCICSSH1924124
Influence Factors on Employee Engagement
(Empirical Study on Front Liners Pt Bank Bni.Tbk)
Desi Karmila
Bank BNI, Indonesia
Sarfilianty Anggiani
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trisakti, Jakarta,
Indonesia
Abstract
One of problems in banking industry in Indonesia is how to build the employee engagement to make
employee engaged to company and perform greatly to deliver service to customers. Therefore, the
objective of this research is to analyze the influence factors included service orientation, perceived
learning and employee loyalty on employee engagement front liners PT.Bank BNI, Tbk.
Methodology uses in this research is hypothesis testing that use 200 primary data collected by
questionnaire to front liners in Bank BNI Tbk South Jakarta Region, Indonesia. Analysis method in
this research uses multiple regression with SPSS version 16. The research found that there is a
significant influence between service orientation and employee engagement and also there is a
significant influence between perceived learning and employee engagement, on the other hand there
isn’t any significant influence between employee loyalty and employee engagement.
Managerial implication: To develop more improvement for front liners service orientation through
team leaders; To create better approach to front liners in order to build the better emotional
relationship; and To improve front liners learning and awareness to work in social way and
professional to consumers.
Keywords: Service Orientation, Perceived Learning, Employee Loyalty, Employee Engagement
Ruifan Ji
ERCICSSH1924125
The Effect of Family Composition in Chinese Migrant Social Integration
Ruifan Ji
Student Department, High School Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Abstract
Subjective sense of belonging to the community is an important indicator of well-being for flowing
population in China. The paper analyzed the effect of family composition on migrant family using
data from 2012 and 2017 Chinese Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey. With ordered logistic
regression, the paper discovered that the presence of kids corelate negatively with subjective
integration while spouse and parents correlate positively with it. Migrants with more income are
less affected by children, showing that children may be a financial burden to low-income families.
Keywords: Migrant, Social Integration, Income, Family Composition
Sanju Waladata
ERCICSSH1924127
The Gift: Mana concept in CSR Mining Corporate
Sanju Waladata
Department of Anthropology, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Abstract
This paper argues for the existence of the mana concept behind the gift of mining corporate CSR
practices. During this age the idea of The Gift is always herded in a reciprocity debate over a gift. I
see the archaic concept that remains from this discourse in the modern economic era, which is the
concept of mana. The concept of mana as a non-material thing is behind giving a material from one
party to another party.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 73
The research data was collected through a case study on a mining company that practices the
concept of CSR in a community in one of the gold mining operation areas located in West Sumbawa
Regency, Indonesia. Data collection techniques through interviews and field observations of parties
related to the CSR program of the mining company.
The results of this study state the mana concept of the ancient societies exchange can be elevated to
the practice of The Gift in the modern economic era by diplomatically fix the debates of experts in
interpreting of mana from the classic ideas of The Gift. Without dismissing the existence of
reciprocity over the practice of The Gift corporate CSR, this idea is still based on a symmetrical
relationship between individuals and groups in a socio-cultural context. The findings of this concept
provide a new understanding to see the exchange practices of corporate CSR.
Keywords: Mana, CSR, Mining Corporate, The Gift, Reciprocity
Iqbal Saujan
ERCICSSH1924128
Misconceptions of Women's Rights in Islam and Its Refutations: A Conceptual Study Based on
Sources of Islamic Law
Iqbal Saujan
Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Arabic language, South Eastern
University of Sri Lanka- Oluvil
Abstract
The status of women in Islam is clear and very unambiguous. Concerns are often raised about the
status of women in Islamic law. Frequently, misunderstandings and misinterpretations about how
women are handled by Islam are used to encourage the notion that Islam is misogynistic in the
western world. Consequently, the objectives of this study to identify the misinterpretation,
misconceptions of woman's rights in Islamic and to provide appropriate refutations for the
misconceptions through the sources of Islamic Law and To provide awareness through this study to
the people who are misinterpreting women's rights in Islam. In This paper examining five common
misinterpretations of women's rights, such as polygamy in Islam, Testimony of Women, Women's
right of inheritance, divorce power with man and Travel without immediate male escort. This paper
explores to provide clarity, background, and explanation in these five areas. The data were obtained
from secondary sources such as books, magazines, journals, research articles, newspapers and
websites for this research, have been explained using a descriptive approach. The findings show
these misinterpretations and misconceptions are groundless argument on the perspective of Islamic
Law. Furthermore, this paper provides reason for the misconceptions is that misinterpretations of
Islamic scours and attritions.s
Keywords- Women's rights; Islam; Misconceptions; Sources of Islamic Law
MD Yeasir Yunus
ERCICSSH1924130
Reasons for The Gap Between Actual and Wanted Fertility Among the Urban Middle Class Women
In Bangladesh
Rakibul Islam Jisan
MSS, Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
MD Yeasir Yunus
MSS, Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract
Introduction: The total fertility rate in Bangladesh is gradually getting lower after the successful
family planning program from early 90’s. The education rate is also increased. The economic
condition of the people has also improved than the previous decades. Every year thirty percent
growth is happening because of the gap between actual and wanted fertility.
Objective: Main objective of this study is to discover the reason why the actual fertility is higher
than the wanted fertility among the middle-class people in our country. This study tries to find out
the reasons why this group of people are taking more children.
Method: This study was conducted following the qualitative research design and a total of 16 in-
depth interviews were conducted among two residential areas. The respondents were female and all
of them had more than two babies. The age limitation of the women was 25- 35. All of the
respondents were in middle class according to the wealth quintile. The respondents were educated
also. Findings: This study found that, most of the couples want to take only two children. But
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 74
because of some factors they are taking more children. One of the main reasons is contraceptive
failure. Son preference is still a vital reason to take more children. Couples are also taking more
children because of daughter preference. In-laws are influencing them to take more children if they
have daughters only. Religious perception is the most visible hindrance for the use of various types
of birth controlling methods. Family planning programs is also falling down gradually.
Conclusion: This study will help out the policy makers and stakeholders to develop necessary
interventions to reduce the gap between actual and wanted fertility. This study would also create
the field to make the people aware about controlling fertility.
Marzia Fatema
ERCICSSH1924131
Extent of Social Support and Assessing Its Effects on Parents Regarding Rearing Autistic Children
In Selected Institutions In Dhaka City
Marzia Fatema
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract
The aim of this study is to find out the extent of social support and its effects on parents regarding
rearing an autistic child in Dhaka city. The two types of social support: informal and formal social
support influence the well-being of autistic children and their mothers. This is a quantitative study.
A structured questionnaire is used in study based on the modified Family Support Scale (FSS),
Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Social Support Index (SSI). 100 mothers from two special schools
have been interviewed in this study. Findings show that informal social support is more helpful with
a total mean score of 22.84 than the formal social support (14.67). Again the lack of social support
has clear implication on the mental health of mothers which creates mental stress among them.
Findings show that mothers have almost equal mental stress from both sources of social support.
The mean score of stress from informal support is 6.55 and 6.38 from informal support. Findings
show that number of autistic children is a significant predictive variable for mental stress among
mothers.
Tharindu Jayanath
Thotagamuwa
ERCICSSH1924132
Mutual Intelligibility between Romance Languages
Tharindu Jayanath Thotagamuwa
Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Abstract
Romance languages are the modern languages which evolved from Vulgar Latin languages between
the third and eighth centuries. This comes under a subgroup of Italic languages within the Indo-
European language family. The five major and mostly spoken Romance languages all over the
world are Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian. The fundamental vocabularies of all
the Romance languages were inherited from Latin. Besides, some words shared in Romance
languages are not directly from the Latin inheritance but they are words which were borrowed
from the Celtic origin. The main intention of this research is discovering the similarities between the
Romance languages not only in the morphological, syntactic, semantic and phonetic base but also
the vocabulary variations in this language family. By the beginning of the 21st century, 920 million
people claimed a Romance language as their mother tongue and meanwhile 300 million people as a
second language. Romance methods of forming new words are also inherited from Latin origin. For
instance, the suffix “-āre” in Latin morphology which is a part of infinitives has made the influence
for languages such as French, Italian and Catalan in making verbs. For example, the word for “to
plant” in Latin is “plantāre” and similarly “planter” in French, “plantare” in Italian and “plantar”
in Catalan. In conclusion, the Romance languages, which were originated from the Latin, have
more intelligibilities even if they are considered as different languages of different regions at
present.
Keywords: Romance, Intelligibility, Latin, Italic Languages, Indo-European Indraneel Sahu
ERCICSSH1924133
Why Do Government Offices in India Fail to Perform: Evidence from Time and Motion Study of
Mhow Revenue Office
Indraneel Sahu
Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 75
Ashutosh Kumar
Anshul Gupta
Abstract
We investigate the performance of Mhow revenue office.The government offices in India are often
criticised for being slow.Through this study, we intend to identify whether this delay in work is
because of the excessive workload on government offices or because of the inefficiency of the
government officials.For this purpose, we have conducted the time and motion study of the revenue
office.During this study, we also found out various processes because of which the processes get
delayed in the office.The findings suggest that there is inefficiency among people working in
government offices.Also, many processes in the office are redundant and unnecessarily time taking.
Keywords:Inefficiency, redundant
LISTENERS
Laila Hannana
Semiotics,University Mohamed v Rabat Morocco,Guelmim, Morocco
ERCICSSH1924052
Ramesh S
Assistant professor, Department of Historical Studies, Sri Subramaniaya Swamy Government Arts
College, University of Madras, Tamilnadu, India
Muhammad Nur Fiqri Adham
Department of Statistic, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
ERCICSSH1924078
Sevi Dian Fadhila
Department of International Relation, Faculty of Humanities, University of Darussalam Gontor, East Java, Indonesia
ERCICSSH1924079
Selvaraj Danielselvan
Director - Health care, Bethany Health care centre, Chennai India
ERCICSSH1924081
Mujtaba Ahmad
Advocate, District Courts Attock, Punjab University, Attock, Pakistan
ERCICSSH1924085
Fadare Moses
Global Leadership, Kukje the Lological University, South Korea
ERCICSSH1924086
Charles Jideofor Ofodile
Department of Political Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia
ERCICSSH1924099
Kumar Chinnakkannu
District Institute of Education and Training, SCERT Chennai, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
ERCICSSH1924100
Ramachandran Gurusamy
District Institute of Education and Training, SCERT Chennai, Krishnagiri, Tamilnadu, India
ERCICSSH1924101
Md Akhlakur Rahman
Department of Social Services, Ministry of Social Welfare, Pirojpur, Bangladesh
ERCICSSH1924094
Ahmad Naddaf
Research and Learning Department, Qatar National Library, Al Rayyan, Qatar
ERCICSSH1924097
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899
4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019
The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 76
Abu Bakar
Education Authorities, Aceh Jaya Government Regency, Aceh, Indonesia
ERCICSSH1924126
Mohammed Ramadan Barry
Business College, African Methodist Episcopal University, Monrovia, Liberia
ERCICSSH1924129
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