CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS€¦ · Abdel Rahman Mitib Altakhaineh Assistant Professor of English...

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CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities

(ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019

13-14 November 2019

CONFERENCE VENUE The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild

House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore

Email:

[email protected]

https://eurasiaresearch.org

https://sshraevents.org/

mailto:[email protected]

https://eurasiaresearch.org/

https://eurasiaresearch.org/

https://sshraevents.org/

PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences

ISSN 2454-5899

4th Singapore – International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 13-14 November 2019

The National University of Singapore Society (NUSS), The Kent Ridge Guild House, 9 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 2

Table of Content:

S. No. Particulars Page Numbers

1. Preface 3

2. Technical Committee 4-8

3. Keynote Speaker 9-10

4. List of Presenters 11-75

5. List of Listeners 75-76

6. Upcoming Conferences 76


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Preface:

Social Science And Humanities Research Association (SSHRA) is a global group of scholars,

academicians and professionals from the field of Humanities and Social Sciences for

encouraging intellectual development and providing opportunities for networking and

collaboration. This association achieves its objective through academic networking, meetings,

conferences, workshops, projects, research publications, academic awards and scholarships.

The association is driven by the guidance of the advisory board members. Scholars,

Academicians, Professionals are encouraged to freely join SSHRA and become a part of this

association, working for benefit of academia and society through research and innovation.

For this conference around 85 Participants from around 17 different countries have submitted

their enteries for review and presentation.

SSHRA has now grown to 3355 followers and 8400 members from 45 countries.

Membership in our scholarly association SSHRA is completely free of cost.

List of members: https://sshraweb.org/membership/list-of-members/

Membership Application form link: http://sshraevents.org/membership?association=sshra

Proceedings is a book of abstracts, all the abstracts are published in our conference

proceedings a day prior to the conference.

You can get our conference proceedings at: https://sshraweb.org/conference/proceedings/

We hope to have an everlasting and long term friendly relation with you in the future.

In this context we would like to share our social media web links:

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You will be able to freely communicate your queries with us, collaborate and interact with our

previous participants, share and browse the conference pictures on the above link.

Our mission is to make continuous efforts in transforming the lives of people around the

world through education, application of research & innovative ideas.

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Technical Committee:

Serial

No. Name Affiliation

1. Assoc Prof. Marek Matejun (President)

Department of Management, Faculty of Organization and Management, Lodz University of Technology, Poland

2. Dr. Joseph Lyall Wallis (VICE PRESIDENT)

Department of Management School of Business Administration,American University of Sharjah,Sharjah United Arab

3. Sorana Vătavu (VICE PRESIDENT)

Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania

4. Mariko OKISHIO

Department of Creative, Lifestyle Management, Shohoku College, Kanagawa, Japan

5. Dr. Siriporn Dabphet Department of History, Faculty of Social Sciences, Srinakharinwirot University 114 Sukhumvit 23 Rd., Wattana, Bangkok. 10110 THAILAND

6. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru

Ph.D. in Philosophy; Ph.D. in Theology. Associate Professor – ‘Timotheus’ Brethren Theological Institute of Bucharest, Romania

7. Dr. AJULOR, Omoniyi Victor

Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria

8. Mr. Senian Malie Rasheeda Enterprise, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

9. Asst Prof. Taramol .K.G Assistant Professor of Economics in School of Business, Manipal University Dubai

10. Nalinnath Deesawadi Digital Communication Design, Silpakorn University International College, Silpakorn University International College, Bangkok, Thailand

11. Hajed Abdulhadi Alotaibi.

School Of Philosophy And Religion, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia, Banogr University, UK

12. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Paithoon Bhothisawang.

Department of Political science Faculty of Political Science and Law, Burapha University, Choburi, Thailand

13. Assist. Prof. Dr. Wasana Kaewla

Public Health program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Thailand

14. Pituwela Kankanamge Chamari Dinesha

Lecturer, Department of Marketing, Faculty of Management and Finance,Marketing, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka

15. Onyejelem Ozioma Daniel Prince

Department Of International Public Policy, School Of Humanities And Social Sciences The University Of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Japan

16. Wong Kear Kyii

Department Of Education, Faculty Of Social Studies, University Of Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia

17. Iftekhar Amin Chowdhury

"Labuan Faculty of International Finance, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Labuan International Campus Jalan Sungai Pagar, Malaysia

18. Dr. Daphne pillai Principal, Pillai College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Dr. K.M. Vasudevan Pillai Campus 10, Sector 16, New Panvel, Navi


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Mumbai – India

19. Dr. Srijana Pandey

Department of Community Medicine KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Imadol-6, Lalitpur, Nepal

20. Dr. Nurul Nisa Omar Program Leader / Lecturer, Department of Communication & Media Studies, School of Communication

21. Yip Mei Lo Chung Yuan Christian University, Graduate School of Religion, Taiwan

22. Reshma Sucheran Department Of Hospitality and Tourism Durban University Of Technology, Durban, South Africa

23. Jehangir Bharucha H R College of Commerce and Economics, Mumbai, India

24. Terek Milan Faculty Of Business Informatics, Faculty Of National Economy, University Of Economics In Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia

25. Youri Oh School Of Business And Economics, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

26. Ulla Vesteri Faculty Of Arts And Social Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam

27. Dr. Prof. Wei-Bin Zhang Professor at Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan

28. Asoc Prof. Cem Berk Associate Professor, Ph.D. of Finance, Department of Accounting Information Systems, School of Applied Sciences, Istanbul Arel University, Turkey

29. Dr. Kanaklata Tiwari Asst Prof at K J Somaiya College of Engineering, Vidyavihar Mumbai Universit, India

30. Abdel Rahman Mitib Altakhaineh

Assistant Professor of English Language and Linguistics, English Language Department, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, UAE

31. Dr. Smitha Dev Assistant Professor of Psychology, Psychology Course Coordinator, University College, Abu Dhabi University, UAE

32. Eglantina Farruku Part Time Lecturer, Epoka University, Albania

33. Li Sui Sum, Bosco The University of Hong Kong, Master of Philosophy (Linguistics), Hong Kong

34. Michele Awilan Jaymalin-Dulay

Doctor of Philosophy, Major Organization Development and Planning, School Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bayombong, Philippines

35. Marco António Batista Martins

Department Of Economics, School Of Social Sciences, Evora University, Evora, Portugal

36. Marcela Ganea Department of Management, Lecturer, Artifex University of Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania

37. Assist.Prof.Dr.Orathai Piayura

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand

38. Prof Theophilus T Mukhuba

Associate Professor in English, North-west University, Mafikeng, South Africa

39. Asst. Prof. Dr. Abdelhak Senadjki

Head of Programme (Postgraduate), Faculty of Business and Finance Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

40. Low Sew Kim Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology & Counselling Faculty of Arts & Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia


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41. May Kristin Vespestad Associate professor, Ph.D., School of Business and Economics Campus Harstad, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway

42. Miguel Sousa Santos

Faculty of Philology and Translation, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain

43. María Florencia Rubiolo

Associate Professor of International Relations History, Faculty of Political, Science and International Relations, Córdoba Catholic University, Argentina

44. Marco António Baptista Martins

Assistant Professor, Ph.D in International Relations, Head to the B.A. in International Relations, Vice-head to the M.A. in International Relations and European Studies. Centre of Research in Political Science (CICP), (researcher, Integrated) Orient Institute (IO), ISCSP, Institute of Social and Political Sciences (researcher) University of Évora, Department of Economics, Évora, Portugal

45. ‘ Karen v. Rendeza Guidance counselor II, Malolos Marine Fishery School and Laboratory, Balite, City of Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines

46. Boonshan Sangfai Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University, Bangkok

47. Dr. Jari Martikainen Ph.D. (Art History), M.Ed., M.A. Lecturer of Visual Culture Studies, Ingman College of Crafts and Design, Finland

48. Petro Van der Merwe Associate Professor: Department of Psychology, University of South Africa, South Africa

49. Prof. Zvi C. Koren Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Director, The Edelstein Center for the Analysis of Ancient Artifacts Shenkar College of Engineering, Design and Art, Israel

50. Cell Dilon Associate Director of English Studies, Stamford International University, Thailand

51. DR. FAHIMI ALI Lecture, School of Business, Wellington Institute of Technology, New Zealand

52. Dr. Khalid Bin Abdul Wahid

Faculty of Information Management,Department of Information System Maagement, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kelantan Branch, Malaysia

53. Dr Mohammed Al Bhadily

Sessional Academic, Business law and Occupational Health and Safety law, Curtin Law School, Curtin University.

54. Assist. Prof. Alexandru Maxim

Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Loan Cuza University of Lasi, Romania

55. Ágnes Csiszárik-Kocsir habil

Keleti Faculty on Business and Management,Óbuda University,Budapest, Hungary

56. Amna Tariq Lecturer of English Language and Literature, Institute of Cultural and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Pakistan

57. HANDOKO LIMAHO Department of Business, Faculty of Management,University of Pelita Harapan,Jakarta, Indonesia

58. Helle Sorensen Professor of Travel and Tourism Management Metropolitan State University, Denver, Colorado, USA


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59. Kenneth Lee Professor of Asian Religions, Department of Religious Studies California State University, Northridge, CA

60. Frederick "Ken" Sexe,

Ph.D., PEM, PMP, Quantitative Studies Adjunct Faculty College of Online and Continuing Education Southern New Hampshire University

61. Majd J. Hammoudeh Student, Doctoral School of Sociology,Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Hungary

62. Mohammad Al-Badarneh

PhD, Dean Assistant for Quality Assurance , Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Yarmouk University/Jordan

63. Dr. Anna Czyż Doctor of Philosophy in Pedagogy, University of Lower Silesia in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland

64. Siow Hui Sian Lecturer, University of Reading Malaysia (JB), Johor, Malaysia

65. Victoria Dunaeva

Chairperson, Researcher, Clinical Psychologist in “Activus Aspectus – Innovative Laboratory”, Warsaw, Poland

66. Pavlína Látková Associate Professor, Internship Coordinator, Recreation, Parks & Tourism Department, San Francisco State University, California

67. Agnieszka Iłendo-Milewska

PhD. Agnieszka Iłendo-Milewska psychologist, Private University of Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Bialystok, Poland

68. Muslim Roka Department of English, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Thailand

69. Alberto D. Yazon, Ph.D.

Associate Professor I Laguna State Polytechnic University, Los Banos Campus, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines

70. Maria Rebecca Campos Affiliate Faculty, Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines

71. Muhammad-Kamran Lecturer Business and Law LLM (Corporate law), MBA, MA marketing and Innovation, IQA and PGDip., University of Sunderland, London Campus United Kingdom

72. Dr. Liptak Katalin Associate Professor, Head of Department, Department of Labour Market and Employment Policy, Institute of World and Regional Economics, University of Miskolc, Faculty of Economics, Hungary

73. Alan Mulvey Assistant Professor, Faculty of International English, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, Japan

74. Roland Csizmazia Associate professor, Kwangwoon University, Glocal Education Center, Seoul, South Korea

75. Simona Bălășescu Lecturer, Transilvania University of Braşov, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Braşov, Romania

76. Octavian-Dragomir Jora Associate Professor, Ph.D. The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, Founder &Editor-in-Chief The Market for Ideas, www.themarketforideas.com

77. Jayganesh Dawosing Lecturer, Department of Bhojpuri, Folklore & Oral Traditions Mahatma Gandhi Institute, Moka, Mauritius

78. José Palmeira Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations and Public Administration, the University of Minho, Portugal

www.themarketforideas.com


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79. Arthur McNeill Faculty (MA TESL), Global Citizenship/Languages, Webster University Thailand

80. Kristina Francis Lecturer, Department of Languages and Linguistics, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Malaysia


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KEYNOTE SPEAKER

Dr Anna Czyż PhD

Doctor of Philosophy in Pedagogy, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Faculty

of Education, Institute of Special Needs Education

Topic: Selected determinants of teachers’ attitudes towards the idea of open

education for disabled pupils

Adjunct professor, audiophonologist: speech therapist, hearing care professional,

Surdopedagogue. Psychologist.

Author of monographs and over 50 scientific articles published in Polish and international

journals.

The beneficiary of staff exchange programs Charles University in Prague (2015, 2016),

University of Barcelona in Spain (2017), University of Lisboa (2018). Visiting Researcher in

North – West University, Republic of South Africa and Ivan Franko National University of

Lviv, Ukraine. Delegate, keynote speaker and session chair of the conference i.a in Bulgaria,

Latvia, Thailand, Australia, United Arab Emirates, Roma and Prague. The head of national

and international projects.

Research interests are concentrated around the problem of development supporting of

disabled people, biopsychosocial functioning of persons with hearing impaired especially for

alternative and augmentative forms communication. An important part of the scientific

work is devoted to the subject of social inclusion of disabled people and early intervention

for children with developmental problems.

Currently conducted research:

Subjective determinants of coping with the stress of people with hearing impairment

Social distance towards diversity (in collaboration with Beit-Berl College, Mofet Institute,

Israel)

Teachers’ attitude towards the idea of inclusive education (in collaboration with North-West

University, Edu-Hright Unit, Republic of South Africa)


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KEYNOTE SPEAKER

Dr. Sachin Gupta

Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Mohanlal

Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Topic: Entrepreneurship and MSMEs

His professional activities include roles as Associate Editor, Editorial Board Member, Advisory Board

Member and Reviewer for many Journals and Conferences. He has been invited as Chief Guest/Resource

Person/Keynote Plenary speaker in many reputed universities and colleges. His sincere and committed efforts

received applause from eminent personalities including MHRD and AICTE Chairman. Dr Gupta has been

awarded by Best Poster Presentation Award of the Conference held at School of Rural Management, IIHMR

Jaipur Titled, “Livelihood Challenges in a Globalizing India.” He has also been awarded Best Paper

Presentation Award for the Paper Entitled “Ethics and E-Commerce Industry in India: A Review” in the

National Seminar on Education for Enhancing Ethics & Excellence on 11th-12th January 2015, Organized by

Faculty of Management Studies, Pacific University, Udaipur (Rajasthan).

He has written more than 50 Research Papers in ISSN/ISBN Numbered Journals and has presented papers in

more than 25 National and International Conferences and Seminars. He has also contributed chapters for

various edited books.

Dr Gupta has authored various books of national and international repute.He is continuously engaged in

Research work. His current research interest is the investigation of the practical application and utility of

Management Theories in the Indian context. Dr Gupta has directed a number of Research Project works in

different areas of Management. Along with being a good academician Dr Gupta has handled various

assignments successfully and made exemplary contributions through his dedicated committed and innovative

approach with high integrity.

His expertise lies in General Management & Business Studies. His core subjects are Finance,

Entrepreneurship & Innovation, Business & Corporate Laws, Industrial Relations Laws, Business Ethics and

Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Governance, Corporate Strategy, Marketing Research &

Analytical Marketing etc. Prior to joining Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur Dr. Gupta has served as

Associate Professor & Head, Chairperson-Doctoral Research in JECRC University, Jaipur (Rajasthan),

Assistant Professor & Programme- Coordinator MBA-Executive FMS-The IIS University, Jaipur, visiting

faculty in University-Commerce College, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, visiting faculty in PTU (Master

Somnath Technical College) for B.Sc and M.Sc Hotel Management Students


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PRESENTERS

Milano Carlitos

Magsaysay

ERCICSSH1924051

Diverse Attachment Between Humans and Robots

Althea Casilla

Lorma Colleges Basic Education Schools, La Union, Philippines

Sophia Gamboa


Matthew Gois


Bryan Macalanda


Milano Magsaysay


Cristen Tolentino


Abstract

Robotics throughout the years, it has become a foundation that continues to opens doors to many

opportunities that lead to a greater impact in our society. Therefore it is a must to understand the

capabilities of both humans and robots creating a co-operative relationship between them that can

strengthen the bond. The main goal of our study is to be able to spread awareness on how robots or

automatons can give us an advantage in life, how it can assist us in the things we need to do,

especially towards the minority: those who have special needs that can possibly be catered by

robots. The theoretical framework is based on how a robot’s behavior can be evaluated by

comparing it to another entity which is also capable of social interaction, which, in this case, are

PWDs. The process we used for Data Procedures are using Coding, Thematization and

Triangulation.With the data gathered by the researchers, functions and applications of robotics

among people with disability were analyzed. The Human Robot Interaction among the perspective

of PWD’s such as its relationship and challenges of integration were also effective as it gives them a

keen understanding that this could also benefit and help them whether, physically and mentally. We

researchers conclude that the process of the interview conducted gave an opportunity to discover

and understand the certain aspects concerning the PWD’s. With this, it serves as a foundation that

continues to develop and open doors to many opportunities that lead to a greater impact in our

society.

Sooin Choi

ERCICSSH1924053

Religion Working in Politics: A Historical Analysis of Protestantism's Evolution as a Social

Mobilizer in South Korea

Sooin Choi

School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar

Abstract

This paper analyzes the manner in which religion seeks to engage with global challenges by

examining the theological responses to the socio-political crises in the South Korean history. It

attempts to explain how Protestant Christianity’s direct engagement with political difficulties in

Korea transformed Protestantism into a resilient social force. By analyzing religious discourse

alongside secondary research, I argue that South Koreans adopted Christianity as an alternative

narrative that provided them with an identity of resistance and a means of social amelioration. The

role of Protestantism in Korea in addressing political changes can be seen most acutely during two

time periods: (1) the Japanese intervention from 1911 to 1945; and (2) South Korean government’s

oppression during the 1960s and 1970s. While the theological engagements from different time


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periods oscillated between full-fledged theologies to simple theological responses, both demonstrate

how Protestantism serves as a powerful social mobilizer during times of heightened political

difficulties. Through the case of South Korea, this paper reveals that neglecting the role of religion

can only provide a partial understanding of political deliberations in the public sphere surrounding

global challenges.

Chu Chun Huang

ERCICSSH1924055

Using Service Experience to Develop a Digital Platform for Promoting Quemoy Overseas Chinese

Hometown Culture

Chu Chun Huang

Department of Tourism Management, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan

Abstract

This research aims to develop a digital platform to promote the Quemoy overseas Chinese

hometown culture and features for the young people in terms of multi-disciplines integration such

as tourism, service design, user’s experience study. The results are expected to be benefit to enrich

the recognition of the relationship between Quemoy overseas Chinese hometown and the countries

of new southbound policy as well as to uncover the opportunity of using design as the bridge

connecting digital technology for tourism and the value of local humanities.

The overall research is a tri-phasic process including: exploration –problem identification,

development – system establishment. The exploration phrase will use expert interview and focus

group to reveal the features and contents of Quemoy overseas Chinese hometown, and uncover the

young people’s expectation and preference of surfing the current websites related to Quemoy

overseas Chinese hometown, as well as the opportunity to improve the promotion using digital

technology. In the development phrase, the digital platform will be establishment according to the

results found from the first phrase. Participatory design method will be applied by which the

experts from tourism, design, interactive technology and humanities will be recruited as well as the

students from various disciplines. The results could be used in directing the further work in

promoting such a culture and features as the base to enrich the tourism business of new southbound

policy.

Keywords: Quemoy, Overseas Chinese Hometown, Service Design, Digital Platform

Dr. Christopher Udofia

ERCICSSH1924056

Are Leaders Born or Made? A Disquisition on the Trait and Christological Paradigms of

Leadership

Dr. Christopher Udofia

Department Of Philosophy, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria

Abstract

The scientific study of leadership actually begun in the 20th Century, though, the word “leader” has

been in public lexicon since the 1300s. In spite of the fact that people have exhibited leadership in

various climes and times, the development of scientific understanding of leadership was actually

initiated with the emergence and evolution of the different theories of leadership. The Trait and the

Christological models of Leadership which constitute the subject of our examination are some of the

paradigms propounded to explain the concept of leadership. The trait model of leadership avers

that the possession of certain innate traits is what qualifies for leadership, hence a person is

potentially a leader if he or she is born with some predisposing traits. The Christological model, in

the alternative, posits that a leader is made via serving as a servant. Thus, leadership in the

Christological model is synonymous with servanthood. The prime foci of this paper include doing a

thorough discursive unveiling of the tenets of these leadership models and subsequently subjecting

those tenets through the anvil of philosophical scrutiny so as to test their reasonableness in the light

of philosophical disquisition.

Keywords: Leadership, Traits, Christological, Model, Disquisition

Sarah Jane Zaragoza

ERCICSSH1924057

Occupational Health Hazards among Teaching Community- A Questionnaire based Survey

Sarah Jane Zaragoza

Department of Education, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Lourdes College Cagayan, De Oro City,

Philippines


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Abstract

Teachers’ role is inevitable in spreading knowledge to pupils. These noble professionals are not

exceptional to occupational hazards. Thus, this present study will deal with the occupational health

hazards among teachers. This is descriptive in nature and has four main objectives: (i)

determined the factors that influenced the type of tasks performed by teachers, (ii) the occupational

health hazards they encountered- specifically vocal, physical and psychological hazards with

respect to their workplaces, (iii) the working conditions that exacerbated workers exposure, and

(iv) their management of health problems. A random sampling technique will be employed in the

selection of primary and secondary school teachers in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. The data

will be gathered using a survey instrument to examine the prevalence of symptoms related to

their occupation like dysphonia, vocal fatigue ,oral paresthesia and consistent incidence of voice

symptoms like tired, weak voice. Furthermore, physical symptoms like cervical spondylitis,

varicosis, back pain, pink eye infection/ conjunctivitis, dryness of hands, atopic dermatitis, and

contact dermatitis will also be observed. Thus, this study may recommend to strengthen the

utilization of information and communication technologies, use of collar microphone, time

lapse between lecture periods and workload of teachers to minimize the impact of

occupational health hazards among teachers. In addition, this study will give comparison on the

occurrence and management of occupational health hazards among teacher in private primary and

secondary schools.

Keywords: Teachers, Occupational Health Hazards, and Management

Uba Isaac Andiyawa

ERCICSSH1924058

Spatial Distribution and Outreach of the Bank of Agriculture in Borno State of Nigeria

Uba Isaac Andiyawa

Department of Geography, Federal University Gashua,Yobe, Nigeria

Jajere, Ibrahom Ahmed

Department of Geography, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria

Abstract

Bank of Agriculture (BOA) stands the largest rural development finance institutions in Nigeria.

Reaching the less privileged groups with micro credit to empower them is a priority objective of the

bank. As spatial differences and negligence in development appears to be one of the causes of strife

in the society, this paper therefor examines the spatial distribution of the BOA branches, its

microcredit outreach and possible implication in Borno State.

The study was delimited by insecurity to only ten out of sixteen Local Government Areas (LGAs)

spatially served by the BOA out of the total twenty seven LGAs of Borno state.

Data were primarily obtained through interview with the BOA officials and through questionnaire

administration on the beneficiaries. Secondary data were extracted from official documents of the

BOA and from related books and papers. Analytical tables and a descriptive map were used to

expound the data.

The findings revealed that BOA branches and their spatial coverage are biased towards Borno

South and Central at the negligence of Borno North Senatorial Zone. It also revealed that social

impediment constitutes the majority of the less privileged which the implication of neglecting such

large able population could be restiveness and strife in the state.

Recommendations are made for extension of BOA branches and services to the Borno North

Senatorial Zone. It is also recommended for other studies to verify the spatial distribution and

outreach of other rural development strategies launched in the state. The results may enable

generalization about correlation between spatial negligence in development and restiveness and

societal strife.

Keywords: Biased, Less-privileged, Restiveness, Spatial, Strife

Ijeoma Chidiebere

Samuel

ERCICSSH1924059

Language & Literature Aspanacea For Cultural Realignment: The Case Of French

Ijeoma Chidiebere Samuel

Department of French, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Abstract

The contributions of a language and its literature cannot be over-emphasized in any given society.


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Based on this fact, this paper tends to re-awaken the cultural values of our people (Africa) from

oblivion and the Francophone Africans cannot be left out in this move. The roles of the Modern

European languages like; English and French inherited by Africa should be better appreciated in

this regard. That is also one of the interests of the research. The study affirms that the arrival of

French language and its literature in the francophone African world imprinted a lot of cultural

(literary and linguistic) values in the continent. This in no small way has given our francophone

brothers a common cultural inclination and effected a total overhaul of their society. Obviously, the

positivity that accompanied the arrival of French language and culture into Africa is accentuated in

this study. The paper therefore concludes that the contact Africa had with European Cultural

values has added more meaning to the existing African Culture (linguistic and literary) and

catapulted the continent to a height that needs to be appreciated.

Keywords: Language, Literature, Overhaul, Culture

Herbert Batta

ERCICSSH1924060

Perception of Emerging Science in the Digital Age Among Communication Students,University of

Uyo, Nigeria

Herbert E. Batta, Ph. D

Department of Communication Arts, University of Uyo, Nigeria

Abstract

Some solutions to development problems which stymie development reside in science, technology

and innovation. While developing countries such as Nigeria are struggling with implementing STI

polices mainly involving the conventional sciences; new, advanced, and ultra innovative forms of

STI better known as emerging science and technology have developed and settled upon the horizon

in advanced countries. Currently, no research data exists on the extent of emerging STI research

and practice in Nigeria talk less of the knowledge and awareness science communication students

have of it. Knowledge, awareness and use of STI as development catalysts are necessary for societal

progress. Therefore, as future purveyors of development information, science communication

students are significant factors in the public learning, appreciation, understanding and utilisation of

STI. This research gap necessitates the following research questions: (a) to what extent are science

communication students, University of Uyo, Nigeria aware of emerging science? (b) To what extent

are the students knowledgeable about emerging science and technology? (c) How do the students

obtain information about emerging science and technology? This interrogation is hinged on the

theory of diffusion of innovation and adopts a survey of about 300 Communication Arts

undergraduates of the University of Uyo. The survey is supported by in-depth interviews of a

purposive sample of class representatives to uncover deep rationales beneath survey responses.

Data obtained would be described and analysed statistically and qualitatively and predict the

readiness of the students to report, cover and frame innovative science and technologies in the

future. Recommendations would be made on the basis of the findings and conclusions.

Keywords: Innovative Science and Technology, Science communication, Survey Research

Jia Niu

ERCICSSH1924061

Analysis of the Risk Factors of Campus Bully

Jia Niu

Bellevue High School, Bellevue, WA, USA

Abstract

Bully has been a increasingly overwhelming problem among American teenagers. According to

stopbullying.gov, bulling behaviors must be aggressive and include “An Imbalance of Power, and

Repetition. 3In 2016, more than 20% of students in the country report being bullied. Due to the

rising awareness about bullying, the federal government started to collect data about bullying

among students since 2005. 2 Bullying can come in a various of shapes and forms. In general, it can

be categorized into direct (bullying that took place while the victim is present) and indirect

(bullying that took place when the victim is absent from the scene). Alternatively, bullying can also

be categorized into physical, verbal, relational (efforts to harm the reputation or relationship of the

victim), and damage to property. Bullying can cause devastating consequences towards the victim.

Studies have found that bullying victimization has a strong positive correlation with mental

disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Socially, bullying victim are more likely to experience

reduced academic performance, loneliness, and suicidal ideation. Needless to say, majority of


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bullying victim will also experience sever physical injury.

In this study, we aim to examine bullying data collect among high school students and build a

logistic model to investigate the risk factors.

Millicent Nwamaka

Ogenyi

ERCICSSH1924063

Political Development and the use of Information Communication Technology( ICT) for Peaceful

Elections

Millicent Nwamaka Ogenyi

Political Science, Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu, Nigeria

Abstract

Political development dwells on the emergence of national sovereignty and the integrity of the state,

demanding respect and upholding commitments in the international system. The domestic attribute

of the political stability attained through the formation of a settled framework of government,

reliable procedures for leadership succession and a consolidation of the territorial administrative

reach of government institution which can only be attained with the help of ICT; otherwise the

nation shall be at a standstill. The researcher critically pinpointed the importance of ICT in political

development of which any government that fails to recognize it wallows in shamble. The promotion

of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the area of exercising franchise (E – voting)

for credible election and also good governance was not left out, the paper stressed more on the value

of ICT in the development of any nation as it will boost the economy, provide employment, restore

peace and above all eradicate youth political violence, cyber crime, terrorism, poverty eradication

which had become a menace in the developing countries.

Keywords: Political Development, ICT, Political Violence, E-Voting, Cyber Crime, Terrorism,

Poverty Eradication

Revina Mendoza

ERCICSSH1924064

Influence of Self-Discipline and Motivation to Academic Performance: The Case of College

Students

Dr. Revina Ortizano-Mendoza

Teacher Education Faculty/Dean of Student Affairs, Lourdes College, Cagayan de Oro City

Philippines

Abstract

The ability of the students to monitor and control their behaviors is essential for them to have a

better focus in attaining their goals in terms of their academic performance. This study was

primarily undertaken to determine if self-discipline and motivation influenced the academic

performance in terms of the Grade Point Average (GPA) among college students. The study was

conducted in a higher education institution (HEI) using a descriptive-correlational design involving

ninety-eight (98) students enrolled during Summer 2019. Descriptive Statistics such as frequency,

percentage, mean and standard deviation and Inferential Statistics particularly Pearson Product

Moment Correlation were utilized in organizing the data. The study revealed that the participants

had very good self-discipline, had high motivation and had very good academic performance.

Furthermore, it was found out that both self-discipline and motivation significantly influenced the

academic performance of the participants. The study points the need for the Student Services Office

specifically under the Guidance Program to sustain its intervention activities to fully develop these

skills.

Keywords: Self-Discipline, Motivation, Academic Performance

Rinta Azzahrah

The Effect of Deep Acting, Surface Acting, Customer Orientation, and Emotional Exhaustion

Towards Service Employee Creativity at Rumah Sakit Ibu Dan Anak Harapan Kita (Rsab), Jakarta

Rinta Az’zahrah

Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

Sarfilianty Anggiani


Abstract

This study explores the impact Deep Acting, Surface Acting, Customer Orientation and Emotional


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ERCICSSH1924065 Exhaustion on Service Employee Creativity at Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta. Independent

variable on this research is Deep Acting, Surface Acting, Customer Orientation, Emotional

Exhaustion and Service Employee Creativity as depedent variable. This research uses field research

by distributing questionnaires Non Random Purposive Sampling involving 100 employees of

Harapn Kita Hospital, Jakarta. The analysis tools in this research is multiple regression with

version SPSS 25.0. The results of this study there is impact of deep acting, surface acting, customer

orientation and emotional exhaustion on service employee creativity. From the results of this study

it is recommended that managers should give more freedom to employees in displaying a feeling of

service that focuses on culture and the regulation is a habit that is still in a stage that is in

accordance with the needs of patients and does not subscribe to company rules

Keywords: Deep Acting, Surface Acting, Customer Orientation, EmotionaL Exhaustion, and

Service Employee Creativity

Siti Aulia Safirananda

ERCICSSH1924066

The Impact of Motivation and Staffing on Employee Performance at Indonesia Central Bank

Branch Banten Province

Siti Aulia Safirananda




Abstract

The objective of the empirical study is to examine and to analyse the impact of motivation and

staffing on employe performance at Indonesia Central Bank branch Banten Province. Independent

variable on this research is moral motives, material motives, social service and staffing, and also

employee performance as depedent variable. This research uses field research by distributing

questionnaires involving population of 50 employees in branch Banten Province. The analysis tools

in this research is multiple regression with version SPSS 24.0 The results of this study showed that

1) there was no impact of moral motives on employee performance, 2) there was no impact material

motives on employee performance, 3) there was a positive impact of social service on employee

performance, 4) and there was a positive impact staffing on employee performance. The implication

for managers is the need to increase motivation and staffing to improve employee performance.

Keywords: Moral Motives, Material Motives, Social Service, Staffing, And Employee Performance

Nobpanun

Treeyutwattana

ERCICSSH1924068

+

Orapan Pangkaew

ERCICSSH1924068

The Problems of the Gender Equality Act in Thailand: Equality That Does Not Truly Exist

Nobpanun Treeyutwattana

Lecturer in Law, Faculty of Integrated Social Sciences, Department of Law,Khon Kaen University,

Nong Khai Campus, Thailand

Orapan Pangkaew

Lecturer in law at Faculty of Integrated Social Sciences, Department of Law, Khon Kaen

University, Nong Khai Campus, Thailand

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of the Gender Equality Act 2015 of the

Kingdom of Thailand that are the impediments to establishing gender equality in practice.

Although Thailand launched the Gender Equality Act with the good intention to produce equality

for men, women and LGBTQI people in Thai society, such law cannot be used effectively because of

4 problems. The most important one is that article 17 allows government agencies and any

individual to discriminate by gender based on the grounds of religious principles or national

security. This exemption opens way for gender inequality in the society. Another one is that article

18 provides conditions that impede effective implementation of the law. Moreover, the law has only

legal punishments for people who violate this act. It does not have supportive measures to

encourage people in the society to understand and accept gender diversity. Last but not least, the

working procedures of the gender equality promotion committee are not clear, therefore, this

committee cannot work effectively to promote gender equality in Thailand. After understanding the

problems mentioned above, this paper will propose solutions to tackle such issues.


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Mohammed Mamun

Or Rashid

ERCICSSH1924069

Declining Foreign Funds for NGOs and Careers of Field Workers in Bangladesh

Mohammed Mamun Or Rashid

PhD Candidate, Department of Social Work, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia

(USM), Penang, Malaysia

Declining Foreign Funds for NGOs and Careers of Field Workers in Bangladesh

Abstract

NGOs (Non-governmental Organizations) activities have virtually grown into a movement in

Bangladesh and eventually playing a very significant role in the nation’s development process. This

article looks at the field-workers employed by local NGOs in Bangladesh. The main objective of this

paper is to find out funding pattern, project continuation and their effects on the careers of field

workers. Total 50 respondents were randomly selected from 10 local NGOs of Rajshahi City

Corporation Area (in the north-western part of Bangladesh). It was found that foreign funding for

NGOs had been declining in Bangladesh due to its transformation to middle-income economy. A

large number of field-based workers lost their jobs from local NGOs due to fund crisis. Current

development workers were worried about their job. Their lives and livelihoods were at risk. Local

NGOs have been playing a vital role in the country's socio-economic development, especially in

health, education, microfinance and women development. Services of field workers are still very

much needed.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Career, Field-Workers, Foreign Fund, Local Ngos, Well-Being

Diane Pulvera

ERCICSSH1924073

Filipino Big Bang Fandom: Online Communities, Identity Construction, and Fandom Activities

Diane Pulvera

Arts and Humanities,Arts and Humanities, Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila,

Philippines

Abstract

Fandom produces specific subcultures, which American media scholar Henry Jenkins described as

something that cuts across traditional geographic and generational boundaries. The study focuses

on how Filipino BIGBANG fans (VIPPH) form an online identity.

The study is qualitative in nature and uses Netnography (mixed ethnography) as its research design.

Online participant observation, offline in-depth interview, and Hermeneutics (method of

interpretation) are used as research methods to determine how fandom practices, activities, and

online discussions affect the cultural identity construction of VIPPH.

Findings reveal that VIPPH likely construct their online identity through Facebook discussions and

fandom activities. This study introduces a subculture that involves the new generation of Filipinos.

Moreover, modern cultural activities are observed and discussed to understand the growing

popular culture in the Philippines.

Keywords: BIGBANG, Facebook, Filipino, Identity Construction, K-Pop

Asu Ugama Anoke

ERCICSSH1924075

A Comparative Analysis of The Practice of Human Right in Colonial and Post Colonial Zimbabwe

Asu Ugama Anoke

Department of History, Ebonyi State College of Education, Ikwo, Nigeria

Abstract

Zimbabwe was one of the many colonies of Britain. It was formally known as Rhodesia. She had

been under the leadership of president Robert Mugabe under a political party known as ZANU PF.

Since independence, the country has been structured in such a way that there was no room for

opposition. Everything ventured around president Mugabe. In a critical view of human right

practice in colonial and post colonial Zimbabwe. One can clearly state that, while the colonial state

of Zimbabwe practiced racial discrimination, a situation where the natives were not allowed to

participate in the government and were also reserved to a particular place. Their fundamental

human right were preserved. For instance, right to life, dignity etc. while the post colonial

Zimbabwe under the leadership of president Robert Mugabe and his ZANU-PF party, citizens’

right were deprived as many were fortuned, others killed just because they called for true practice


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of democracy and human rights. Crime against a particular ethnic group, race were committed.

Many were discriminated because of their race or group. The post colonial Zimbabwe was more

difficult than the colonial era.

Carlo Jake Martin

ERCICSSH1924076

Love And Laughter: The Abs-Cbn Film Archives in the Context of Filipino Romantic Comedy

Conventions

Carlo Jake D. Martin

The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Quezon City, Philippines

Abstract

For over a century, cinema held a special place in the hearts of Filipinos. The nation’s propensity

for romance paved the way for the emergence of Filipino romantic comedy as among the popular

genres in the local entertainment industry. With ticket sales almost reaching ₱5 billion in gross, the

trend and demand for romantic comedy movies in the country shows no signs of slowing down

(Philtre, 2017). The latest data culled from the ABS-CBN Film Archives also revealed that the

aforementioned genre enjoyed a robust 347 percent production growth, with 17 films in 2000s, to 76

movies in 2010 until the last quarter of 2018. That being said, the growing increase of Filipino

romantic comedy movies proves that something worth examining lies within its surface

(Kaklamanidou, 2013).

This thesis aimed to unravel the conventions of romantic comedy as a distinct Filipino and/or

appropriated genre, and how it developed through time. By using Rick Altman’s (1999)

Semantic/Syntactic Approach to Film Genre as a framework, six Pinoy ‘rom-coms’ are examined

according to its form and function. The rom-coms under scrutiny are: Ang Daigdig Ko’y Ikaw

(1965), Kung Mangarap Ka’t Magising (1977), Dear Heart (1981), May Minamahal (1993), Got 2

Believe (2002), and Starting Over Again (2014).

Also, in light of the centennial anniversary of Philippine cinema, this thesis endeavored to shift the

focus on film archives and delves deeper into its potential as a concept lab for future researches on

film history and film per se. Using Jussi Parikka’s Media Archaeology (2013), this research

surveyed the recurring genres of surviving Filipino films deposited in the ABS-CBN Film Archives.

The ABS-CBN Film Archives is considerably the “de facto national film archive” (as cited in Chua,

2017) as it houses a humungous collection of over 2,400 classic and contemporary Filipino films

(Atienza, 2015). The archival data showed that the action genre garnered the most number of

produced films (with a total of 1304 titles), followed by drama (1238 titles) and comedy (809 titles).

Meanwhile, science-fiction and animation films have the least number of films, with only 3 and 2

titles, respectively.

By putting these elements in parallel lines provide profound description of Filipino film genre’s

history and development.

Keywords: Film Genre, Film Archives, Historiography, Media Archaeology, Semantic/Syntactic,

Archival Studies, Genre Studies, Philippine Cinema, Filipino Romantic Comedy

Tertsea Joseph Ikyoive

ERCICSSH1924084

The Impact of Social Media on African Value Systems: A Many Angled Scrutiny

Tertsea Ikyoive

Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Ayub Sheik

Associate Professor, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Abstract

The advent of the social media especially in Africa over the past two decades have impacted a lot on

the African value systems. This paper takes a many angled scrutiny on how social media sites like

Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram have influenced the way Africans communicate and interact

with themselves. The paper draws its analysis from a socio-cultural perspective and questions how

social media is gradually reshaping notions of African value systems by promoting a global culture

of individualism and cultural intolerance. The paper asserts that, African users of social media

especially the youths have abandoned such value systems like respect for elders, honour and

communal ethos. The paper concludes that, Africans can take advantage of social media but must

not be influenced by any social media culture. Rather, attention should be given towards promoting


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an African identity in the social space while still remaining an authentic African.

Keywords: Social Media, Africa, African Value System And Culture

Asitha Prabhath

Mallawaarachchi

ERCICSSH1924087

Communication Meaning and Inter - Cultural Characteristics of Gesture Communication

Asitha Prabhath Mallawaarachchi

Lecturer, Department of Humanities, Sri Lanka Rajarata University, Mihinthale, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Non-verbal communication can be identified in traditional society. Methods of non-verbal

communications are studied in this research and basically a deep study was done regarding hand

gestures. Attention was given for three subject areas in this research. Basic objective of this

research is to identify hand gestures in iconology and dancing and identifying communication

meanings of hand gestures as a sign language. Way of using hand gestures for personal

communications, analytical exploration of communication meanings generating from hand gestures,

way of using hand gestures in communication methods in common practices and studying inter

cultural characteristics of those are other objectives of this research.

It was investigated using both qualitative & quantitative research methods about analysis method of

question; “what will be communicated using hand gestures related to above fields?” Therefore

subject base ethnology was used as per qualitative research method and surveying method was used

as per quantitative research method. Commonly including of hand gestures were considered under

two aspects as per these two methods. Those are media contents and readers’ contents.

Related to the research; “Communication meanings and inter cultural characteristics of sign

communication”, data analysis was done according to semiological analysis by content analytical

studying of similarities and differences. Conclusions were made after identifying inter cultural

characteristics.

Keywords: Hand Gestures, Communication, Communication Meanings, Inter-Culture

Nelanga Jayasinghe

ERCICSSH1924088

Online Shopping trends among the students of Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

R.A.N.M.Jayasinghe

Lecturer, Department of Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

Abstract

At present, Consumers have identified online shopping is very convenient compared to traditional

shopping. As a result of that, a huge amount of shopping is done over the Internet. Purchasing

items through Internet has rapidly increased in Sri Lanka over the last two decades.

The main objective of this study is to understand the online shopping trends among the students of

Rajarata University. Survey method was used to collect data with a valid and reliable questionnaire.

100 questionnaires were equally distributed among three faculties namely, Faculty of Technology,

Management Studies, Social Sciences and Humanities. According to the Major findings of the

study, Majority of the respondents who engaged with online shopping was from the Faculty of

Technology. Respondents from the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities ware least engaged

with online shopping. Respondents have mentioned that cash on delivery is the convenient method

of payment rather than other methods of payments. Major drawback of online shopping was the

delivery time period to the rural areas, which was highlighted as a time consuming process

compared to Colombo and suburbs. Some of the respondents were not satisfied with the quality of

the items delivered by some online sellers. Similarly, They were not satisfied with the return and

cash back policy as well.

In conclusion, Students of Faculty of Technology, Rajarata university of Sri Lanka often engaged

with online shopping. According to the main suggestion, online consumer and seller relationship

needs to be more strengthen through out the process.

Keywords: Cash back ; Delivery ; Online Shopping ; Return Policy ; Consumer


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Weijin Wang

ERCICSSH1922089

The Perceptual Gaps Constructed by the Chinese and the Western Media in the East China Sea

Weijin Wang

School of International Relations, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Abstract

The geopolitics in the East China Sea is a scholarly hotspot. But the Western and Chinese scholars

differ greatly in perceiving the situation. Many Western scholars argue that China is claiming the

resources of other countries, expanding its military activities or even building up hegemony in this

area, while the Chinese scholars believe that China’s rights and interests are being undermined by

the USA and its allies. Nonetheless, to study the geopolitical dynamics in the East China Sea,

scholars have to heavily rely on the media reports. Since media can influence people’s perception of

an event and thus construct the realities, this paper examines the extent to which Chinese and

Western media’s construction of realities differ. By employing the analytical framework of media

package and looking into the narrative structures of news reports, this paper argues that the

framing and reasoning devices implemented by the Chinese and Western media are completely

different. This leads to the mistrust between China and the Western countries led by the USA.

Hence, the building of peace and security in the East China Sea is often hampered.

Hamid Farahmandian

ERCICSSH1924090

Ulysses: Lost Homosocial Desire in Ambiguous Identity

Hamid Farahmandian

School of Foreign Languages, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the homosocial desire and the lack of it in two protagonists and heroes of

James Joyce in his Ulysses. Unlike the fame of this novel and the extensive research done on this

novel, the theoretical relevance of Homosociality in Ulysses has not been widely discussed. This is

mostly due to the fact that although, the theory first became popular in the 1990s, it is still a

relatively new perspective. This study analyses various views of the social bonds and private lives

beside their effects on social behaviors – to determine the reasons of lack of homosociality and the

ways in which it is regained – in two Joyce protagonists. Furthermore, this study will seek to argue

that if the characters endeavour logically to solve the problems in their lives and mind, their

homosociality will be boosted. For example, according to the plot of the story, if Stephen and Bloom

as the main characters find their paternity and the root of fatherhood, their relationships and

associations with other males in society will be changed accordingly. In order to achieve the

mentioned results, the theory of homosociality which was coined for the first time by Jean Lipman-

Blumen in 1976 and became popular by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, will be applied to the novel.

Emmielyd Guiriba

ERCICSSH1924092

Brainwave Analysis on Auditory Processing In Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Emmielyd Guiriba

Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines

Rosalito De Guzman

The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines

Abstract

Abnormalities in auditory processing are one of the most commonly reported sensory deficits in

children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, there is limited understanding on how

auditory processing among children with ASD increases the severity of autistic symptoms. In this

quasi-experimental study, the researcher aims to investigate on how children with ASD perceive

and process auditory stimuli through brainwave analysis during experimental tasks. Furthermore,

the present study will also verify the role of auditory processing in relation to the severity of autistic

symptoms among children diagnosed with ASD. Using a portable wireless EEG neuroheadset, the

research attempts to understand the functional brain abnormalities involved in processing auditory

stimuli among children with ASD. The study is designed to understand the mechanisms underlying

the difficulties in processing auditory stimuli that can shed light on observed behavioural deficits

among children with ASD. Thus, a greater understanding of the auditory processing will in turn


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serve as a guide in the implementation of enhancement of both assessment and individualized

intervention in achieving desired outcomes to further improve social behaviour, functionality, and

quality of life among children with ASD.

Keywords: Brainwave, Auditory Processing, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Autism Spectrum

Disorder (ASD)

Arnel Paranada

ERCICSSH1924093

Word of Mouth, Self-Concept an Band Perceived Value on Purchase Intent Behaviour

Arnel Paranada

Graduate School, Psychology Department, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines

Dr. Eugene P. Hontiveros

Graduate School, Thesis Adviser, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines

Abstract

The study aims to identify the relationship of purchase intent behaviour of consumers to word of

mouth, self-concept and brand perceived value. Using a descriptive correlational design, various

relationship will be tested and established among the variables. The statistical tool to be used will be

Pearson’s R and Regression to evaluate linear relationships of variables The target participants will

be selected consumers of Metro Manila working on a BPO Industry. At the end of the analysis, the

results of the study are expected to provide information to marketers, researchers and academicians

to enhance their sales and knowledge about how these variables correlate to purchase intent

behavior.

Keywords: Purchase Intention, Word Of Mouth, Self-Concept, Brand Perceived Value, Consumer

Behaviour

Mary Louise Miranda

ERCICSSH1924095

An Evidenced-Based Study on the Role of Menstrual Cycle and Estradiol Among Filipino Women

With PTSD

Mary Louise D. V Miranda & Dr. Rosalito De Guzman

University of Sto. Tomas, Manila, Philippines

Abstract

Greater vulnerability and severity of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are likely

to develop in women as compared to men. Fluctuations of gonadal hormones through menstrual

cycle may be a significant contributing factor. The scarcity of studies focusing on fluctuation of the

gonadal hormones in the different phases of menstrual cycle to explain the vulnerability of women

to develop PTSD symptoms serves as the gap in understanding the complexity of PTSD. Using

descriptive-correlational method, this study seeks to investigate and provide evidences in the

possible association of fluctuation on the level of estradiol in the development of PTSD symptoms

among women with respect to menstrual cycle phase. The study hopes to shed a new perspective to

view PTSD in terms of gender differences that will provide new information as a possible basis for

intervention, PTSD management, and health care program among women.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Menstrual Cycle, Gonadal Hormones, Estradiol,

Women

Ipsita Sahu

ERCICSSH1924096

Arrival of Television in India: Governmentality and Infrastructure

Ipsita Sahu

Cinema Studies at School of Arts and Aesthetics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India

Abstract

My paper looks at the arrival and expansion of television in India between 1950s and 1970s as a

charged moment. I locate the founding of television’s educational form in the context of cold war

politics, national emergency, and developmental idealism that characterized Indian political and

economic scene during this time. I will be looking at various primary materials such as government

files, committee reports and Information and Broadcasting ministry’s documents as well as seminar

reports to map international financial networks and ministerial maneuvers that crucially negotiated

the expansion of an expensive medium such as television at a time of severe financial and political

crisis in India. A key question and critical inquiry that will inform my study is the relationship


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between governmentality and infrastructure. My paper will explore television as technology and

infrastructure as challenge and a promise, and as integrally tied to the larger ideologies and

structures of developmentalism and centralized planning. Such investigations will also reveal the

decisive roles played by organizations such as UNESCO, Ford Foundation, and local

communication media institutions such as Indian Institute of Mass Communication in

manufacturing discourse about the need for television as a prerequisite for progress.

Keywords: Television, Infrastructure, Governmentality, Developmentalism, Cold War, Planning,

Communication Media

Md Sajib Miah

ERCICSSH1924098

Unconscious was Discovered by Shakespeare Even Before Sigmund Freud

Md Sajib Miah

MA in English Studies, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh

Abstract

Epilepsy (a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent of sensory disturbance, loss of

consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain), psychiatric

breakdown, sleep disorders, rage, high ambition, sexual and aggressive desires and dysfunctional

utopia in the psyche for taking blood from enemies illustrate a surprising amount of modern

psychological details in Shakespeare’s renowned characters. Sigmund Freud stated in his works on

psychoanalysis “The poets and Philosophers before me discovered the unconscious’’ which the

world famous literary critic Harold Bloom of Yale University thinks refers to Shakespeare. Indeed,

Bloom also contends that what we think of as the Freudian map of the mind is in fact Shakespeare’s

and he invented the human. By this he means that while all the various character traits that are in

Shakespeare existed before, few before Shakespeare written down in such details, inspiring

generations to be more reflective when considering their own behaviours. Whether one agrees with

Bloom or not, Shakespeare’s influence on understanding of unconscious of the mind seems

undeniable. This paper delves into the evil force or unconscious state of mind of the major

renowned characters of Shakespeare specially Hamlet, Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Othello and

unpleasant and creepy Shylock by applying Freud’s theory of unconscious who went through

Shakespeare as a child and was influenced by the psychology of his characters.

Keywords: Disturbance, Ambition, Dysfunctional, Bloom, Unpleasant, Unconscious

Maria Priska Adrian

ERCICSSH1924102

Affection of Corporate Social Responsibility to Job Satisfaction Mediated By Quality of Work Life

(Case Study of Four Star Hotel in Indonesia)

Maria. P. Adrian

Graduate School of Service Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of

Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia


Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trisakti, Jakarta,

Indonesia

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to discuss the perceptions of employees in the hospitality industry on

corporate social responsibility and their influence on employee job satisfaction which is mediated by

the quality of life of employees. This study hypothesizes about employee job satisfaction with

corporate social responsibility mediated by the quality of work life. The population in this study

consisted of the hotel industry with 4 star classes working for companies where CSR practices.

Methods of data collection include the distribution of survey questionnaires. Using samples taken

from four star hotel employees in DKI Jakarta Indonesia, 175 samples were used as samples for

analysis using Structural Equation Model.

The results showed that there are influences of each dimension of CSR (legal, economy, ethical,

philanthropic) to the quality of work life. This study also shows the influence of employee job

satisfaction to the quality of work life of employees. There is a mediation of quality of work life

between CSR dimensions to job satisfaction.

this research is expected that the company can find out the needs that must be met by the company

for job satisfaction of its employees through CSR activities.


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Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Job Satisfaction, Quality of Work Life, Hotel Industry


ERCICSSH1924103

Influence of Talent Management on Commitment to Competence Development: Psychological

Contract as Test Mediator, Study on Electronic Media Television Industry in Indonesia



Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to analyze how the effect of talent management on commitment to competence

development that mediated by psychological contract on employees of electronic media television

companies in Indonesia. Data obtained directly by distributing questionnaires to 168 respondents at

six electronic media television companies. For the serial analysis, SPSS and Structural Equation

Model was utilized to test the proposed hypothesis model.

Results provide facts that psychological contract has a significant mediation between talent

management to commitment to competence development. Moreover, the implication how

management drives commitment to competence development in creative industry such electronic

media television, the management should actively create open communication, discussion and

commit to keep the promise to employees.

Keywords: Talent Management, Commitment to Competence Development, Psychological

Contract.

Chinonso Ihuoma

ERCICSSH1924104

Technical and Vocational Education and Human Capital Development in Nigeria

Chinonso Ihuoma

Department of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Most countries are concerned about how to continuously increase their Human Development Index

(HDI) and this has led to the rise in global HDI. As a result, Sub-Saharan Africa went from the

second slowest growing region on the HDI in the 1990s to the fastest growing between 2000 and

2010 (UNDP, 2018). Despite the generalised HDI condition in Africa, the low human capital

development in Nigeria poses a very stringent challenge in Nigeria’s development. Nigeria is faced

with low Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), Per Capita Income, and

Human Development Index (HDI). Nigeria’s Human Capital Index and Human Development Index

(HDI) in 2015, 2016 and 2017 were 47.43%, 48.86%, 51.06% and 0.527, 0.530, and 0.532

respectively. This has continuously maintained a slow rise from 0.443 that was seen in 2003. Despite

the gradual rise, Nigeria remains among the countries classified under low HDI, being the 156th

country out of 178 countries presented in the 2018 HDI study (UNDP, 2018). However, Nigeria has

engaged in a drive to develop a unified vision for human capital development and to drive

implementation of interventions under the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) pillar,

which was focussed on ‘investing in our people’. Yet, human capital development remains poor in

Nigeria.

Using historical method of data analysis, this paper analysis the human capital issue in Nigeria and

recommends possible panacea to its improvement- through an improved Technical and Vocational

Education (TVE) system.

Key Words: Development, Education, and Human Capital Development

Dania Firstaria

ERCICSSH1924105

Influencing of Transformational Leadership on Employees Job Satisfaction and Turnover

Intention: Mediated by Quality of Work Life (QOWL) (Study of Architects in Jakarta, Indonesia)

Dania Firstaria

Graduate School of Service Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of

Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia



Indonesia


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Abstract

The architectural consulting service industry known has the long working hours and frequent

overtime activities. This condition can be one of the problems that continue happen that can be

impacted to turnover intention in a company. The purpose of this study is to analyze all variables

namely transformational leadership, quality of work life (QoWL), job satisfaction and turnover

intention. Also, to analyze the effects of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and

turnover intention that mediated by quality of work life (qowl). The data collected through primary

data by questionnaire that answered by 215 Architects who work in Architecture Consultants in

Jakarta Indonesia. for analysis the hypotheses used Structural Equation Model.

The findings in this study are the work performances influenced by how the employee’s

performance and how much HR in the company. The high and low number of qualified workers in

the company influenced by the quality of work life (QoWL) of employees which will impact the

company successful itself. The implications obtained in this study which transformational leader

needs to increase job satisfaction in order for reducing turnover intention that can be mediated by

quality of work life (QoWL).

Keywords: Architect, Turnover Intention, Job Satisfaction, Transformational Leadership, Quality

Of Work Life (Qowl)

Fatemeh Shayan

ERCICSSH1924106

Interdisciplinarity Approaches in International Relations

Fatemeh Shayan

Political Sciences and International Relations, University of Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

This paper enters into the debate on the importance of multidisciplinary studies in international

relations (IR). It is found that IR is a mix-status discipline and criteria of disciplinarity are required

to be adopted. On top of that the complex nature of some threats and risks in the regional, national

and global levels demand and comprise various forms merging, linking, breaking and ’colonizing’

disciplines. In practice little efforts on empirical context is sought to fill the places. Yet, Pami Aalto

et al. in recent works represent a promising route for outlining how multidisciplinary approaches

and coordination of different disciplines are resulted better results. Proceeding with Aalto's et al

International Studies, key concepts such as multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and neo-disciplinary

are defined and the salience of multidisciplinary approach in IR is outlined. In the second section

the importance of multidisciplinary approach in EU-Russia energy security are oriented. The

article then concludes by outlining possible broad directions and how multidisciplinary approach

has contributed to the EU-Russia complex issues in terms of energy and possible solutions.

I Nengah Laba

ERCICSSH1924107

An Impact of Media Information Exposure on Tourism in Bali: A Study of Content Analysis

I Nengah Laba

Department of Tourism Management, International Bali Institute of Tourism, Sekolah Tinggi

Pariwisata Bali

Abstract

Mass media plays a big role in shaping an image of tourism and society. This study examines the

issue of the impact of media information exposure through the analysis of the specific tourism

discourse. The study focuses on the media information exposure affecting tourism development and

community life in Bali. The current experiment exposed news about tourism and its impact to the

people of Bali. Media exposure has both positive and negative impact on its users. Media

information exposure can affect the socio-cultural community. The aim of this study is to determine

the impact of media information exposure to the development of tourism and the behavior of

Balinese people. The type of data used in this study is quantitative and qualitative deriving from

secondary data sources. Data collection techniques use documentation study sourced from news

reports and interview data sourced from tourism experts and academicians. Results indicated that

tourism exposed to ideal image and it became significantly more different in reality. It is also

showed that media information exposure of brings more negative impact on the development of

tourism in Bali.

Keywords: Information Exposure, Tourism, Development


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Stella Paschalina

ERCICSSH1924108

Tuan Guru Sekumpuls Dogma as a Holder of the Balance for Counter Terrorism in Indonesia

Stella Paschalina

Defense Strategy, Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

The wave of globalization can be a challenge, opportunity, even a threat for ones country. The

threats that related to Information technology, morale, organization, and time are evolved and

called asymmetrical threats. Terrorism as one of the asymmetric threats has a long history

associated with the development of human life which is increasingly following the flow of the wave

of globalization. With a sophisticate technology, the terrorist will be easier to terrorize wherever

and whenever. The phenomenon of terrorism has changed and has had an impact that is felt by the

society. Terrorism develops with a strategy to achieve its goals, that is faith, hijra and jihad. The

faith they believe is conveyed through da'wah in the presence of another Muslim individuals. Hijra

from one area to another by conducting marriages with the local women. As well as the terrorist

jihad movement which is increasingly being done by women and children. The economy factor is

one of the reasons for terrorism movement to continue to grow. Statistically, the economy of

Banjarmasin City has a positive contribution to the Indonesian economy. The city of Banjarmasin is

also included in one of the livable cities in Indonesia that has fulfilled a few aspects, such as; food

availability, living places availability, place of worship availability, clean water availability,

education and health with availability value 65.1%. With the condition that Banjarmasin City is the

oldest city on the Kalimantan with its background in royal history, rich natural resources, and the

diversity of tribes that inhabit Banjarmasin City makes it vulnerable to asymmetric threats such as

terrorism that is targeting the destruction of it’s soft power to get natural resources which are the

main needs of all countries in the future. The purpose of this research is to find out about the dogma

of Tuan Guru Sekumpul that attached strongly in Banjarmasin society in countering the threat of

terrorism which is increasingly developing along with the flow of globalization. According to the

synthesis, traditional religion-based organizations will increase the conflict that occurs in an area.

But there is an anti-thesis for the theory in Banjarmasin City, that is called by Tuan Guru

Sekumpul’s dogma which is capable of being a single holder of the balance in maintaining security

and stability in Banjarmasin City.

Kanyakorn

Sangkhachat

ERCICSSH1924109

Factors Contributing to Democratic Culture Alertness: a Case Study of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat

University (Bachelor Degree Students)

Kanyakorn Sangkhachat

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University,Thailand

Khanthong Jaidee

Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha

Rajabhat University, Bangkok

Kanphet Sarananthawat

Lecturer in Political Science, College of Innovation and Management, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat

University

Abstract

The objectives of the research are: 1) to study the level of attentiveness in democratic culture; 2) to

compare the level of attentiveness in democratic culture based upon personal factors and political

socialisation; and 3) to study factors contributing to the attentiveness in democratic culture. The

samples are 181 bachelor students studying Political Science at the College of Innovation and

Management. The research used surveys for data collection. Statistical analysis was done using

frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-way ANOVA and Multiple Regression

Analysis.

The research found; 1) the students’ level of attentiveness to democratic culture is at the highest (

x ̅=4.27,S.D= .427); 2) hypothesis testing found student’s major is a factor contributed to difference

in democratic culture attentiveness while gender, age, religion and college year do not contributed

to difference in democratic culture attentiveness; and 3) Multiple Regression Analysis shown


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political socialisation, family institution, educational institution, and peer factors have effect on

employee engagement at 35.3 percent.

Keywords: Attentiveness, Culture, Democracy, Political Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat

University

Introduction

The late Kingdom of Siam had undergone a democratic revolution on June 24th, 1932. From being

governed under absolute monarchy, Thai people have since obtained the country’s highest

authority. The people possess equal rights and freedom. They live under the majority rule and are

governed by the same law (Thanaporn Ngowcharoen, 2017). The transformation provides major

contradiction to what was deeply rooted in the Thai community. In order for it to be successful,

democratic culture, through political socialisation process, must thoroughly be embedded in

citizen’s subconsciousness. In the other words, it must generate vigilance and attentiveness which

can subsequently build active participation in the society Samuel Huntinhton

Democratic alertness had always been observable throughout the Thai’s history, and the university

students’ heroic political demonstrations were among a few circumstances which the new

generation remember them by. Some university students are taught to have certain views and

beliefs towards democratic culture, therefore those who felt strongly often had the urge to pursue

what was right for the society and the country.

Nowadays, members of the society became more vigilance towards democratic culture. For

instance, they preserve the basic rights and took part in electoral voting both at local and national

level. They have a tendency to express their opinions in the public sphere regardless of their

viewpoints. There are many social and environmental factors contributing to the alterations of such

perceptions. Political socialisation is formed by the society in which an individual resides in. Today,

‘society’ not only extended to a physical place but also space and time provided by online platform.

Amongst the most basic institutions, ‘family institution’ is the first institution which shapes a

person’s habits, beliefs and ideas. The family institution is comprised of individual members like a

father, a mother, or relatives in general. The knowledge and perceptions are often passed down

from these family members to the next generation, and once young children are ready for school,

‘educational institution’ teaches them other perspectives that are important to the society. It is

inarguable that a person with higher education often have higher attentiveness towards certain

matters. Friends that belong to the same crowd also have a tendency to develop similar viewpoints.

Moreover, ‘media and communication institution’ is one of the most crucial factors in today’s

society which has an ability to shape and reshape public’s opinions and attentiveness towards

political matter. (Almond and Verbra : Sompong Raksaitham, 2009) Media today manifest a power

to manipulate the crowd in whichever way they want. It is a double-edged sword which can

stipulate either positive or undesirable standpoint.

The College of Innovation and Management of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University offers many

well-known courses, one of which is Political Science. The students from this major are selected

because of their apparent interest in political science. The College also shows strong interest in the

subject of democracy as the course syllabus concentrates on topics such as political socialisation and

democracy. With this reason, one is keen to find out which factors contribute to an awareness and

attentiveness in democratic culture in those students.

Research Objectives

1. To study the level of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University students’ attentiveness in

democratic culture.

2. To compare the level of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University students’ attentiveness in

democratic culture based upon personal factors and political socialization.

3. To study factors contributing to the Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University students’

attentiveness in democratic culture.

Research Framework

The framework is stipulated from literature review of many documents and theories on the study of

democratic alertness and political alertness as well as democratic culture.

Data analysis is conducted after data collection is performed and inspected for final compilation.

Statistical analysis was executed as follow; personal factors analysis used descriptive statistics such

as frequency, percentage, mean, and t-test to compare the level of democratic culture alertness as

per gender, age, religion, university year, and major. Then, political socialisation factors were

analysed using mean and standard deviation, subsequently, Multiple Regression technique is used


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for finding the relationship between these multiple variables.

Methodology

The research defines ‘democratic alertness’ or ‘attentiveness to democratic culture’ as the people’s

faith in democracy, faith in human’s honour and equality, and to be abided by the rules of

democracy. Moreover, the definition includes citizens partaking in political activities and raising

rational criticisms on political events. The people who believes in the power of democracy feels

strongly against despotism, totalitarianism, or other forms of dictatorship.

Population sample of the research are 181 bachelor degree students of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat

University. They are Political Science students are from the College of Innovation and

Management. Out of the total 974 students, such participant number of population is determined

using Krejcie and Morgan’s theory.

This research studies factors contributing to the democratic culture alertness of Suan Sunandha

Rajabhat University’s bachelor degree students. The research involves documentation study of

relevant research, in particularly ones on factors contributing to democratic alertness. The

research adopted Prittisan Chumpon’s theory on political socialisation. According to the author,

political socialisation is stipulated by the influence of 4 institutions naming; family institution,

education institution, peer institution, and political institution. Additionally, the research uses

Thinphan Nakhata‘s theory on democratic culture alertness in which the author believes factors

contributing to such vigilance include; faith in democracy, adherence to democracy, rules abided,

political participation, citizen’s duty, optimism, creative and rational criticisms, and opposition

against political dictatorship.

In terms of variables, independent variables are gender, age, religion, university year and degree

major. And democratic culture alertness factors are;

1) family institution

2) peer institution

3) educational institution

4) media institution

5) political institution

On the other hand, the dependent variables are

1) faith towards democracy

2) faith in human’s dignity

3) adherence to democratic rules

4) political participation

5) conscience to faithful citizenship

6) optimism

7) creative and rational criticism

8) disapproval of political dictatorship

The scope of study is in the area of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The study took place from

August to September.

Personal factors

gender

age

religion

university year

degree major

Political Socialisation.

family institution

peer institution

educational institution

media institution

political institution

Prittisan Chumpon

Democratic Culture Alertness

1) faith towards democracy

2) faith in human’s dignity

3) adherence to democratic rules

4) political participation

5) conscience to faithful citizenship

6) optimism

7) creative and rational criticism

8) disapproval of political dictatorship

Thinphan Nakhata


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*thinking framework

Research Findings

1.From this research, Factors Contributing to Democratic Culture Alertness: a Case Study of Suan

Sunandha Rajabhat University’s Bachelor Degree Students, the result found democratic culture

alertness is at the highest level ( x ̅=4.27,S.D= .427 ). When considered individually by aspect,

‘conscience to faithful citizenship’ and ‘faith in human’s dignity’ have higher means in comparison

to the other aspects ( x ̅=4.48,S.D= .533 ) , follow by ‘adherence to democratic rules’ ( x ̅=4.47,S.D=

.611 ), and ‘disapproval of political dictatorship’ ( x ̅=3.94,S.D= .738 ) consecutively. The

results are shown on Table 1 as follow;

Democratic Culture Alertness Level Comment

�̅� S.D. Meaning Level

faith towards democracy 4.36 .673 Highest 3 faith in human’s dignity 4.18 .677 High 6 adherence to democratic rules 4.47 .611 Highest 2 political participation 4.34 .578 Highest 4 conscience to faithful citizenship 4.48 .533 Highest 1 optimism 4.10 .601 High 7 creative and rational criticism 4.27 .568 Highest 5 disapproval of political dictatorship 3.94 .738 High 8

Total 4.27 .427 Highest 2.Hypothesis testing

Hypothesis 1: different personal factors comprising of gender, age, religion, university year,

and degree major results in different democratic culture alertness.

Hypothesis 1.1: bachelor degree students of different gender has different democratic culture

alertness; hypothesis testing found different gender does not result in different democratic culture

alertness at statistical difference of 0.05 (P=.531). Therefore, it rejects the hypothesis and can be

explained as follow;

Table 2 provides a comparison of levels of democratic culture alertness in bachelor degree students

of Suan Sunundha Rajabhat University by gender.

Gender Amount(person) �̅� S.D. T P.value

Man 59 4.30 .397 .628 .531

Woman 122 4.25 .442 *statistical significance at .05

Hypothesis 1.2: bachelor degree students with different age have different democratic culture

alertness. The result shown difference in age does not result in different level of democratic culture

alertness at statistical significance of 0.05 (P=.055), therefore it also rejects the hypothesis as shown

on Table 3.

Table 3 provides a comparison of democratic culture alertness in bachelor degree students of Suan

Sunandha Rajabhat University based on different age group.

Source of variance SS DF MS F P.value

Between-Group Variance 1.380 3 .460 2.579 .055 Within-Group Variance 31.559 177 .178

Total 32.938 180 * statistical significance at .05

Hypothesis 1.3: bachelor degree students of different religions have different level of democratic

culture alertness. Relatively, the result found students with different religions do not have different

level of democratic culture alertness at significance level of 0.05 (P=.528) and therefore, rejects the

hypothesis. It can be illustrated on Table 4 as follow;

Table 4 provides a comparison between democratic culture alertness in different bachelor degree

students identified by religions.


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(n=181)


Between-Group Variance .235 2 .118 .640 .528 Within-Group Variance 32.703 178 .184


Hypothesis 1.4: bachelor degree students studying in a different year have different level of

democratic culture alertness. The result found, at statistical significance level of 0.0.5, students

studying in a different year do not have different level of democratic culture alertness (P=.068),

therefore, it rejects the hypothesis as displayed on Table 5 as follow;

Table 5 provides a comparison of democratic culture alertness in different university year

(n=181)


Between-Group Variance 1.736 2 .868 2.734 .068 Within-Group Variance 56.525 178 .318


Hypothesis 1.5: students with different majors have different level of democratic culture alertness.

The result confirms the hypothesis and shown students with different major have different level of

democratic culture alertness at significance level of .05 (P=.018).

Table 6 shows a comparison between democratic culture alertness in Suan Suanandha Rajabhat

University’s bachelor degree students of different major.

Degree major Amount(person) �̅� S.D. T P.value

political science 119 4.32 .419 .2379 .018

Politics and government 62 4.17 .428 * statistical significance at .05

Hypothesis 2: political socialisation factor results in different democratic culture alertness. There is

association between the independent and dependent variables. From the analysis, the result shown

the factor has effect on different levels of democratic culture alertness at statistical significance level

0.0.5 and can be illustrated on Table 7 as follow;

Table 7 displays multiple regression analysis of factors contributing to democratic culture alertness

political socialisation B t P.value

family institution .265 3.775 .000

peer institution .170 2.655 .009

educational institution .232 2.942 .004

media institution .143 1.768 .079

political institution .021 .332 .741

Constant 2.058 9.075 .000

R = .609a , R2 = .371 , R2Adjusted = .353 Sig = .344

* statistical significance at .05

From the table, the model predicts democratic culture alertness at 35.3 percent. Factors

associated to democratic culture alertness, at statistical significance level of 0.05, the most is family

institution, follow by educational and peer institution. On the other hand, media institution and

political institution have no association with the dependent variable at statistical significance level of

0.05.

The correlation coefficient value is used for the calculation of variables prediction and the equation

is as follow: 𝑦 = 2.058. +(0.265𝑥1) + (0.170𝑥2) + (0.232𝑥3) + (0.143𝑥4) + (0.021𝑥5)


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Relatively, positive correlations between the two set of variables, (x)’s association that are found on

(y) or the democratic culture alertness are discovered from ‘family institution’ (x_1) ‘educational

institution’ (x_3) and ‘peer institution’ (x_2) with coefficient value of.265, .232 and .170

consecutively. This means family institution (x_1), educational institution (x_3) and peer institution

(x_2) are factors contributing to democratic culture alertness.

Result Conclusion

1. The level of democratic culture alertness of bachelor students on the overall in at the

highest level. When considered by aspect, the highest to lowest are conscience to faithful citizenship,

adherence to democratic rule and disapproval of political dictatorship.

2. Hypothesis testing found gender, age, religion, and university year do not induce

differences in culture alertness while degree majors induce differences towards democratic culture

alertness.

3.Multiple regression analysis found political socialisation factors can predict democratic

culture alertness of bachelor degree students of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The factor

which has the most effect, in consecutive order, are family institution, educational institution, and

peer institution.

Result Discussion

From the result, Factors Contributing to Democratic Culture Alertness: a Case Study of

Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University’s Bachelor Degree Students found;

1.The level of democratic culture alertness is at the highest level ( x ̅=4.27,S.D= .427 ). This

revealed a growing interest in politics in bachelor students. Documentary research shown students

valued political righteousness and are especially active in the time of change such as at the time of

military coup, changes in government, political conflicts and government transparency. The

following incidents may have had effect on student’s interest in politics and consequently produce

higher participations, in which major factors contributed to the behavior are shaped by family

institution, peer institution, and social as well as environmental factors. (Sompong Raksaitham,

2009) Political socialisation could occur directly and indirectly through knowledge, beliefs, values

shaped by family institution which is the first institution that has influence on individual. Primarily,

parents hold the utmost power in shaping and reshaping the child’s beliefs and political attitudes

since the early years, therefore, it is considered as the first factor which enable democratic culture

alertness. Subsequently, educational institution also has a strong influence on developing one’s

democratic culture alertness. It is believed that the higher educated the person, the better

perspectives they have of the world. The values could come from teacher’s perceptions and

institutions core values which place strong attentiveness in democracy. Furthermore, higher access

to social media allow democratic culture alertness to take place at a higher intensity. The finding

coincided with Nitithorn Klamkum(2018)’s study on the Democratic Political Culture of Bachelor

Students of Mahidol University (Salaya Campus) which found that the participants

possess high political participation and high political culture.

2. The comparison of democratic culture alertness in students with different personal factors at the

significance level 0.05 in terms of different gender, age, religion, university year, and degree major,

the result discovered;

Gender: different genders do not result in different level of democratic culture alertness

(significance level .05), therefore, it rejects the hypothesis. Whether the participant’s gender is male

or female, they are attentive to democratic culture. They also have freedom and expression in the

political process such as in electoral voting or taking part in the local and national politics, as

observable in Thailand’s former female Prime Minister. Both genders portray interest in the

country’s politics which coincides with John Locke’s theory describing rights in self-protection,

rights in selecting their leader, rights in respecting others under the standard of moral and equality.

Phra Maha Sunthorn Chaturaphitsupap (2012) Relatively, the study corresponds to

Thanaporn Ngowcharoen (2017)’s study on Democratic Culture of Srimahapoe Students in

Prajeenburi which found both genders are accustomed to democratic culture from various sources

and most students partook in political participation by inviting family to the past electoral voting

events.

Age: on this aspect, it was found students with different age do not portray different level of

democratic culture alertness at a significance level .05, therefore it rejects the hypothesis. The

participants’ age groups of this study are between 19-23 years old in which the age range is quite

narrow therefore possibly produces indifferent perspectives on certain aspects. Nowadays, it is


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much easier for one to engage in political culture due to the tremendous growth in mass media

access. Hence, students age 19 could have similar electronic access to those age 23. Chaikrit

Rattanakorn (2015)’s work on Factors influencing Political Alertness of Students from

Chonrasadorn Aumrung and Chonkunyanukoon Schools which stated that ‘age’ is not a barrier to

opinion expression because everyone is entitled to such rights. Such research also found students of

different ages do not have different level of democratic culture alertness. Relatively, the finding

corresponds with political socialisation theory written by Almond and Verba (1980) saying that

political socialisation is not limited to age but is alter by direct or indirect experiences, attitudes,

values and beliefs.

Religion: on this aspect, it was found students of different religion do not have different level of

democratic culture alertness at a significance level .05, therefore, it rejects the null hypothesis.

Differences in religions is not a barrier to political alertness as all religions, whether it is Buddhism,

Christian or Islam, rest upon the concept of righteousness and fairness. Thus, individual of

different religions is entitled to have freedom of expression and political participation.

Watcharapong Amnuayraksakun’s work on democratic political culture that its characteristics are

comprised of self-respect and respect towards others; meaning there should be no class division,

acceptance in the differences, behaviors, ideas, and religions. Respectively, Wattana Sengphairogh

(2012)’s study on Political Alertness of Youths in Educational Institutions in Bangkok and the

Development of Democracy during 2006-2011 found students of different religions do not portray

different level of political culture development.

University year: on this aspect, it was discovered that students in different university year do not

have different level of democratic culture alertness at a significance level .05, hence, it also rejects

the null hypothesis. This is because students in different year all have equal access to political

information and are submitted to similar knowledge provided by their educational institution. The

students are subjected to similar political stimulants which are progressively attention-grabbing

than ever. Many educational institutions placed strong emphasis on citizen duty in democratic

society as seen in various subjects provided by Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University or Political

Science degree itself. Today, politics became everyone’s duty. It is the job of every citizen,

regardless of university year, to partake in political process and political culture. Huntington’s

work on political participation (Mayuree Thanomsuk: 2011) found the more educated the people,

the better understanding they have about government’s impact on individuals. They often pay more

attention on government’s news, talk about, or partake in political activities. The theory coincides

with Wattana Sengphairogh (2012)’s study on Political Alertness of Youths in Educational

Institutions in Bangkok and the Development of Democracy during 2006-2011 which found

students university year do not portray different level of political culture development.

Student’s major: on this aspect, it was found students of different major have different level of

democratic culture alertness at a significance level .05, therefore, it accepts the null hypothesis.

Political Science students have higher democratic culture alertness than students in Politics and

Government studies which is because the two disciplines place different emphasis on certain

knowledge. Hence, student’s majors in different disciplines are the main influence which create

differences in political values. Sometimes, even lecturer’s perspective can be a key ingredient to

different democratic culture alertness. The course content can be subjected to the newness of the

discipline; Political Science discipline has been opened long before Politics and Government studies.

In this light, Jirachoke Wirasai’s (Mayuree Thanomsuk: 2011) work on The Influence of Academic

Content found, students from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences have tendency to

involve in political activities more than those studying in hands-on discipline. Similarly, Nitithorn

Klamkum (2018)’s study on Democratic Political Culture of Bachelor Students of Mahidol

University (Salaya Campus) found disciplines are major influence of democratic culture as they are

subjected to knowledge provided by the institution.

3. Regression analysis found family institution has the most effect on political socialisation and

democratic culture alertness because family is the primary key to shaping and reshaping

socialisation process. For instance, if a family has tendency to pay particular interest in politics, the

children would also pay interest in the topic. The assumption matches Almond and Verba’s

(Sompong Raksaitham, 2009) concept stressing political socialisation occur directly and indirectly

from information sharing in various institutions such as family institution and educational

institution. Relatively, Prittisan Chumpon’s study stated these institutions are political socialisation

factors in which family is the primary level institution. In the other words, children are subjected to


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learning from the day they were born in which anything that has been put in will affect their future.

For instance, if they are taught to value electoral voting and political voicing, they are more likely to

grow up believing in political participation.

Following family institution, educational institution has the second most effect on democratic

culture alertness. This is because educational institution has the facility to provide knowledge,

values, and beliefs through educational sessions shaped by course structure and content. Some

classrooms may provide opportunities for students to exchange political opinions and became the

first public sphere for them to develop opinion voicing confidence. Interestingly, work (Ruchirawat

Lamtan : 2015.) on Political Learning Process of Youths in Educational Institution is primarily

influenced by education institution as modern institutions tend to place significance interest in

political process partly because 1. course content and course structure, 2. class activity, and 3.

teacher. These factors are the key to learning process.

Peer institution demonstrate significant impact on democratic culture alertness. Peers often belong

to the same group and same age. They often have closely related bond and they are likely to behave

and react similarly. In terms of political aspect, individuals who belong to a group that is not

politically keen often attract similar kind of people and vice versa. This research found students

who belong in the same groups have friends that pay particular interest in political system and they

follow news as well as exchanging ideas on the topic. Similarly to (Ruchirawat Lamtan : 2015.)

study which found peers have high influence on the group’s interest, values, beliefs as well as

political beliefs.

Academic Recommendation

1. In the future, the researcher would like to develop qualitative study in combination to the

quantitative one. Using in-depth interviews could help identify deeper participants’ perspective

towards democratic culture. Additionally, key informants can be extended to academicians,

politician, political activists, and newer generations.

2. There should be further study on youth’s political alertness in educational institutions in

other area or regions in order to conduct comparative analysis between different sets of data.

3. The research should also focus on attitudes affecting the democratic culture alertness in

order to stimulate stronger reaction in the future.

Research Recommendation

1. Educational institution should incorporate democracy related content on a greater level. It

should also develop and train institutional employees to have deeper and up to date understanding

of the matter.

2. Friends and family should be able to have political participation and exchange opinions

even with distinct viewpoints. They should participate in political public sphere to express their

viewpoints which can be beneficial to many reseach development.

3. Mass media institution should professionally introduce news that are not prejudiced or bias

towards certain sides. They should inspect news origins and do not stimulate chaos in the society.

4. Political institution should have greater transparency allowing the people to examine their

work and budgeting that came from citizen taxes. The government should provide the information

through public relation activities that are easily accessible to all people such as through television

channel reporting policy process and evaluation.

References

Klamkoom. N. 2018. The Democratic Political Culture of the Undergraduate Students

Mahidol University, Salaya Campus. Journal of Southern Technology.

Raksatham. S. 2009. Political Consciousness and the Development of Democratic

Political Culture among the Youths in the Southern Region of Thailand during

B.E.2549-2552 : A Comparative Study of Students in Five Provinces. Political

Communication College of Political Communication Krirk University.

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Prachinburi Province. Kasetsart University Political Science Review Journal.

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in Chonrasdornumrung School and Chonkanyanukoon School. Master of Public

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Ellysia Nur Ifatari

ERCICSSH1924110

The Rise of China: Case Study Belt and Road Initiative in Indonesia

Ellysia Nur Ifatari

Student, Defense Diplomacy, Faculty of Defense Strategic, Indonesia Defense University, Bogor,

Indonesia

Helda Risman

Head Department, Defense Diplomacy, Faculty of Defense Strategic, Indonesia Defense University,

Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a grand strategy used by China to expand and strengthen its

influence in the international sphere. This is done by China to strengthen the political, economic,

socio-cultural and military aspects. In spreading BRI, China established strategic partnerships with

middle and minor power countries through infrastructure development, funds injection on Foreign

Direct Investment (FDI), construction of an Asia-Europe silk train route, construction of a lower oil

& gas pipeline sea, as well as building high-tech seaports that are spread not only in China but also

in its destination countries. Furthermore, Chinese aggressiveness is increasingly visible from

China's efforts to realize the Cra Canal. China also began to strengthen the ties of the Chinese

diaspora in supporting BRI by allowing its citizens to have dual citizenship. BRI actually has a long-

term negative financial impact in the economic and trade sectors which could be seen on some

African countries. However, BRI actually has a significant short-term impact, especially in

improving the country's infrastructure sector and the development of national growth. In

Indonesia, the BRI project has been approved by the government to help Indonesia realize

Indonesia’s vision as a Global Maritime Axis country. Furthermore, Indonesia sees the realization

of the Global Maritime Axis in the interests of the stability of the Asia-Pacific Region. This study

will be analyzed using rational choice theory. The method used is a case study method related to the

findings in this study aimed at analyzing the reasons and impacts of Indonesia choosing and

establishing strategic partnerships with China amid the turmoil of the Chinese and American trade

wars. Indonesia’s choice on establishing strategic partnerships with China could appear as a

security dilemma that Indonesia faces regarding the Asia-Pacific regional stability.

Keywords: China, Belt and Road Initiatives, Foreign Direct Investment, Diaspora, Global Maritime

Axis, Infrastructure

Chutirat Ngamkaew

ERCICSSH1924111

The Relationship between Strategic Leadership and Management Efficiency of Tar-yak Subdistrict

Administration Organisation in Srakaew

Chutirat Ngamkaew

Branch Police administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science


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Khantong Jaidee

Lecturer, Police public Administration, Faculy of Humanities and Social Science

Marndarath Suksanga

Local Politics and Governments, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science

Abstract

There are three main objectives to the research: 1) to study the level of strategic leadership; 2) to

study the level of management efficiency of Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation; and

3)to study the relationship between strategic leadership and management efficiency of Tar-yak

Subdistrict Administration Organisation of Srakaew. Population sample are 47 staffs currently

employed in Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation. Research tools are questionnaires.

Research analyses are done statistically via mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Correlation

Coefficient.

The result found: 1) the overall level of strategic leadership is at a high level with its highest mean

being the morality aspect, follow by effective cultural support, and balanced organisation control;

2) the level of work efficiency is also on a high level overall, with democracy alertness at the highest

level, follow by budget management efficiency, and human resources development; 3) strategic

leadership is correlated to management efficiency of Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration

Organisation at statistical significance level of 0.01. The four strategic leadership aspects positively

correlated with management efficiency on a highest and a high level. The relationship is the weakest

on strategy direction as its result stands on a moderate level.

Keywords: Strategic Leadership, Work Efficiency, Tar-Yak, Subdistrict Administration

Organisation

Introduction

Under steadfast changes that are taking place in the society, management today require modernised

people-center technique which place greater emphasis on the results and benefits of the people

rather than the system. Management today needs higher flexibility, quality assurance mechanism,

cost reduction and higher service efficiency. With this reason, leaders have roles and responsibility

to raise these standards for the overall development. They need to place emphasis on organisation

structure and thinking process development, which will have a long-term effect on standard

improvement. Consequently, strategic development will help create efficiency in especially strategic

leadership that can enable employee motivations and initiate new creativities necessary for

organisation survival. It is the duty of these leaders to manage an organisation to its full potential

and suitable for each organisation perspective (Suwanratchapoo, 2014). Strategic Leadership is a

process that can formulate and stimulate organisational direction because leaders are keys to

successful management in an organisation (DuBrin, 2007).

Subdistrict Administration Organisation (SAO) has a crucial role in determining local development

as it has direct authorities to organise activities and manage other aspects related to the area. The

efficiency of Subdistrict Administration Organisation management come from efficient leaders

which in this case are the executives or the administrator of Subdistrict Administration

Organisation such as the Chief Executive of the SAO, Deputy Chief Executive of the SAO, and

Chief Administrator of the SAO as described by the Tambon Coucil and Tambon Administrative

Authority Act, B.E. 2539. The Chief Executive of the SAO comes from electoral voting of the people

in the area and he or she is to be remained in the position for four years. The Chief has

responsibility to formulate strategies and responsible for implementation management following

government regulations. (Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation,2556)

Therefore, it is undeniable to say that these executives have crucial obligation for the development

or an organisation. They have the power to formulate organisation direction, establish goals, and

strategies necessary for efficient work achievement and jobs accomplishment. Leaders are the key

entity to the success for failure of an organisation. The researcher, thus, wants to study the

relationship between strategic leadership and management efficiency. The research uses Tar-yak

Subdistrict Administration Organisation, Srakaew as case study. Strategic leadership comes from a

visionary leader who efficiently builds and develops an organisation according to goals, strategies,

and responsibilities given. The research will be beneficial SAO level strategic leadership

development in the future.


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Research objectives

1. To study the level of strategic leadership Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation in

Srakaew.

2. To study the level of management efficiency of Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation

3. To study the relationship between strategic leadership and management efficiency of Tar-yak

Subdistrict Administration Organisation of Srakaew.

Relevant theories

This research uses strategic leadership management theory formulated by Hitt, Ireland and

Hoskission (2007) which claim that strategic leadership management is comprised of 1.determine

organisational direction and goals; 2. effective resource management; 3.sustain effective

organisation culture; 4.emphasise ethical practice 5.establish balanced organisational control.

Respectively, the framework is established as follow:

Variables

Research methodology

The research is a quantitative research. Documentary researches were studied on strategic

leadership and management, and then surveys are conducted with 47 key informants.

Statistical analysis

1. The analysis of overall information on participants in part 1 used frequency and

percentage.

2. Part 2 and part 3 analysis used mean and standard deviation.

3. The relationship study between strategic leadership and leadership efficiency of Tar-yak

Subdistrict Administration Organisation in Srakaew was performed using Pearson’s product

moment Correlation Coefficient at statistical significance level of 0.01.

Research findings

The result found the relationship between strategic leadership and leadership efficiency of Tar-yak

Subdistrict Administration Organisation in Srakaew can be summarised as follow:

The majority or 53.2 percent of the participants are female (25 key informants), 51.1 percent (24

key informants) age between 31-40 years old, 61.7 percent graduated with at least a bachelor degree

(29 key informants), 38.3 percent have worked for at least 1-5 years in the organisation (18 key

informants) and 85.1 percent are employed in an operational level, and 42.6 percent (20 key

informants) receive a monthly income between 15,001-20,000 Baht.

Table 1: overall information of strategic leadership

strategic leadership Mean S.D. Satisfaction Sequence

Strategic leadership

1.Determine organisational

direction and goals

2. Effective resource

management

3.Sustain effective

organisation culture

4.Emphasise ethical practice

5.Establish balanced

organisational control.

Management efficiency

1.Human resource

development

2. Equipment and facility

support

3.Effective resource

management

4.Democratic culture

alertness

5.Participation, solution

assessment, evaluation,

and transparency


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1. Determine organisational

direction and goals

4.03 .358 High 4

2. Effective resource management 4.05 .418 High 3 3. Sustain effective organisation

culture

4.05 .405 High 2

4. Emphasise ethical practice 4.22 .476 High 1

5. Establish balanced

organisational control.

4.01 .448 High 5

Total 4.07 .360 High -

From table 1, it is observable that the level of strategic leadership is considered high on the overall.

The highest level is ethical practices; follow by effective organisation culture, while the lowest level

of all five is balanced organisational control.

Table 2: overall level of work efficiency

From table 2 shows work efficiency is also at a high level. The aspect with the highest mean

is democratic alertness, effective budget allocation, and the lowest mean is equipment and facilities

support.

Table 3 shows efficiency between strategic leadership and work efficiency in Tar-yak Subdistrict

Administration Organisation are positively correlated, both on the overall and on individual aspect.

Management efficiency Mean S.D. Satisfaction Sequence

1.Human resource development 4.03 .483 High 5

2. Equipment and facility support 4.04 .425 High 4 3.Effective resource management 4.06 .521 High 2

4.Democratic culture alertness 4.08 .540 High 1

5.Participation, solution

assessment, evaluation, and

transparency

4.05 .572 High 3

Total 4.05 .452 High

strategic leadership R Sig Satisfaction

1.Determine organisational direction and

goals .490** .000 Medium

2. Effective resource management .715** .000 High

3.Sustain effective organisation culture .765** .000 High

4.Emphasise ethical practice .759** .000 High


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** Statistical significance.01

Table 3 shows that strategic leadership and work efficiency are correlated at a statistical

significance level of 0.01. All five factors are positively correlated with strategic leadership and

correlation coefficient value is equal to.844** which is considered very strong. By aspect, the

relationship between strategic leadership and balanced organisation control is the strongest (r =

.824**, sig = 0.000), follow by effective organisational culture support (r=.765**, sig= 0.000) that is

also very strong, ethical practices (r=.759**,sig=0.000), and organisational resource management

(r=.715**, sig=0.000). Additionally, the weakest out of five is organisational direction that has a

correlation coefficient of 490**,sig 0.000. Nevertheless, the relationship is still considered as

moderately strong.

Result discussion

The research found:

1. The level of strategic leadership is at a high level overall because SAO has established clear

development strategies and management strategies. They established clear goals, objectives, and

implementation directions for both the executives and operational employees, which coincides with

Hitt, Ireland and Hoskission (2007) study on strategic leadership theory that reported establishment

of organisational direction as the most crucial factor. Having a clear goal and implementation

direction allow employees to work efficiently and thinking strategically can affect the way

organisation operates. SAO’s leadership strategy is accepted from within and outside the

organisation. Correspondingly, studies of Noppawan Booncharoensuk (2561) revealed in their

research about a relationship study between strategic leadership and educational institution

efficiency in Chacheongsao area that strategic leadership levels are also high.

2.The level of work management efficiency is at a high level overall, because leaders have

strategically equipped their employees with appropriate skills for organisation development. They

encouraged human resources training and place emphasis in work motivation which enables their

employees to work efficiently and willingly. The result corresponds to Phaisan Khamkaew (2015)’s

study on the relationship between human resource management and quality of life in Siam

Commercial Bank work efficiency in Suratthani, and Suthep Krasang (2003)’s study on leadership

efficiency of SAO executives in Ayutthaya province, which also discovered high strategic leadership

level in both research.

3. The relationship between strategic leadership and work efficiency of the SAO is positively and

highly correlated at statistical significance level of 0.01. It was found that in order for an

organisation to function efficiently, strategic leaders need to manage an organisation strategically,

formulate precise plan and roadmaps for the staffs to follow, create motivation at the workplace,

increase flexibility in order for them to be result-oriented and objective-focused and allow

employees to make decisions; the result coincides with Noppawan Booncharoensuk (2018) ’s work

on the relationship between strategic leadership and educational institution efficiency in

Chachengsao as well as Petchomphoo Pichphandaycha (2018)’s work on strategic leadership and

organisational culture affecting educational institution effectiveness of Secondary School Area 1 in

which both research portrayed positively and highly correlated relationship of both variables at

statistical significance level of 0.01.

Recommendations

1. The research found ‘balanced organisational control’ has the lowest mean level;

therefore, executives should accurately and strategically develop plan and procedures for their

employees to accomplish their goals.

2.Leaders should employ flexibility at work because too much restriction can create pressure at

work as well as negative influence.

3. There should be improvement and renovation on equipment as well as facilities of the workplace.

Research recommendations

1. Future research should be conducted in other provinces or organisational units in order

to further develop a comparative study between those results.

5.Establish balanced organisational

control. .824** .000 High

Total .844** .000 High


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2.There should be in-depth interview on the topic for variety of information obtain.

3.There should be a qualitative study on employees’ behaviours in order to use that information to

further develop, solve problems, and allowing them to express new recommendations for the

organisation.

REFERENCES

Suwanratchapoo.K. (2014). STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP : A FORM OF NEW

GENERATION LEADERS.2019 September 4,Retrieve From

http://ejournals.swu.ac.th/index.php/EAJ/article/download/4137/4097.

Booncharoensuk .N. (2018). The Relationship between Stragegic Leadership of

Administrators and School Effectiveness in Chachoengsao Province under the

Secondary Educational Service Area Office 6. Faculty of Education Burapha University.

Pichphandaycha.P. (2018). STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP AND CULTURE IN ORGANIZATION

WHICH AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE HIGH SCHOOLS IN THE SECONDARY

EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE ONE. The field of educational administration Faculty

of Education, Srinakharinwirot University.

Tar-yak Subdistrict Administration Organisation.(2013). General conditions and basic information.

2019 May 14, Retrieved From http://www.tayak.go.th

Dubrin, A. J. (2007). Charismatic and transformational leadership. Leadership. Boston, MA:

Houghton Mifflin Company. pp 67-83].

Hitt, M. A, Ireland, R. D and Hoskisson, R. E. (2007). Management of strategy: Concept and

Cases.China : Thomson South-Wettern.

Khamkaew .P.(2016).The relationship between quality of working life with performanceefficiency

of bank employee in Muang district Surat Thani province. Journal of Accounting and Management

Mahasarakrm university.

Kankasang.S (2003). the work efficiency of the administrators of the subdistrict administrative

organization administrators: a case study of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. Arts Thesis

Program Master (Social Development)

Kanjana Anuchan

ERCICSSH1924112

The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Leadership Efficiency in the Faculty

of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University

Kanjana Anuchan

Police Administation, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajanhat

University, Bangkok

Buabuttri Siriwat

Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Sociences, Suan Sunandha Rajanhat

University, Bangkok

Wanjak Noichan

Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Sociences, Suan Sunandha Rajanhat

University, Bangkok

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to: 1) study transformational leadership; 2) study the level of

leadership efficiency; 3) study the relationship between transformational leadership and leadership

efficiency. The research uses questionnaires for data collection from 38 key informants working in

academic support role. Statistics used in the research were frequency, percentage, standard

deviation, and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation.

The research found; 1) the level of transformational leadership is high (x̄ = 4.02); 2)the level of

leadership efficiency is also high (x̄ = 3.95); and 3) the correlation coefficient value is also high and

corresponds to the null hypothesis. Therefore, the data shown transformational leadership

correlates to leadership efficiency.

Keywords: leadership, efficiency, executives, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University

Introduction: The transformations occurring in the 21st century is a result of borderless

competition and globalization. It stimulates rapid changes in society, economy, politics and

technology. In this era, knowledge and information are tools for competitive advantage that

produce equilibrium to changes and creativity as well as organisation awareness (Jadaman, 2017).


ISSN 2454-5899



These changes provide opportunities to drive the organisation efficiently whether they are private

or public organisation (Hatsadeetam, 2012).

Leaders play a crucial role in the success or failure of an organisation. They have an ability to drive

an organisation through crisis and strive towards permanent change. Efficient leader is essential for

organisation success as they lead an organisation to achieve their goals. In the past, organisation

failure came from a lack of efficient leader, whether in terms of result-based management,

efficiency, or effectiveness (Hatsadeetam, 2012). Thus, organisation with good management must

have inspirational and visionary leader. They must be able to adopt new administration concept

necessary for transformational management Yongyut Simsimpim (n.d.)

Educational institution leaders are employed executives in educational area. They are the key and a

major influence to the quality and outcome of education efficiency. Many academics have similar

opinions that failure in education depends on executive management. Therefore, leaders in the 21st

century need to have knowledge, skills, and experiences necessary for transformational changes.

In summary, transformational leadership and leader efficiency are crucial factors to organisation

and organisation change. Therefore, leaders have important role in determining organisation

direction and lead them to achieve set goals and objectives. The researcher chose to study “The

relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency in the Faculty of

Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University” because the university is one

of the country’s leading university and has been ranked number 1 for ten-year straight. So that the

research’s result can be beneficial for the future research and other academic institutions.

This research seeks to perform a relationship study between transformational leadership and leader

efficiency in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Suan Sunandha Rajbhat University.

The data is accumulated data via survey. The survey is conducted with academic support staffs in

order to find out leadership efficiency in the faculty’s executives as they are the key persons

responsible for organisation change.

Objectives

1. To study transformational leadership in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Suan

Sunandha Rajabhat University

2) To study the level of leadership efficiency in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at

Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University

3) To study the relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency in the

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University.

Hypothesis: There is a correlation between transformational leadership and executives’ leadership

efficiency working in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat

University

Research Framework: The research framework is designed based on documentary reviews about

leadership theories. Transformational leadership theory by Bass and Avolio, and POSDCoRB

theory by Gulick and Urwick were examined in particular in order to formulate the framework;

Statistical analysis is conducted after the data are collected via purposive sampling method:

Transformational leadership level and leadership process are examined via checklist questionnaire

and the data were interpreted through mean (x̄) and standard deviation (S.D).

Transformational

Leadership

1.Idealised influence

2.Inspirational motivation

3.Intellectual stimulation

4. Individualisaed consideration

(Bass & Avolio)

POSDCoRB

1.Planning

2.Organizing

3.Staffing

4.Directing

5.Coordinating

6.Reporting

7.Budgeting

(Gulick & Urwick)


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The relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency were analysed using

Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation.

Research Method: The scope of population of this research is comprised of 38 academic support

staffs working in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat

University.

The scope of content studies the relationship between transformational leadership and leadership

efficiency in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. It

conceptualised the work of Bass and Avolio on transformational leadership as well as Gulick and

Urwick’s POSDCoRB theory on administrative process.

The scope of variables is consisted of transformational leadership; 1) idealized influence, 2)

inspirational motivation, 3) intellectual stimulation, and 4) individualized consideration as well as;

1) planning, 2) organising, 3) staffing, 4) directing, 5) coordinating, 6) reporting, and 7) budgeting.

Research Finding

1. The study of the relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency in

the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University found

transformational leadership level of the executives is at high level (x̄ =4.02). When considered by

aspect, ‘intellectual stimulation’ has higher mean than other aspects, follow by ‘inspirational

motivation’ (x̄ =4.04), ‘idealised influence’ (x̄ =4.00), and ‘individualised consideration’ (x̄ =3.94).

These means and standard deviations are shown on table 1 as follow:

Table 1: The Analysis of Transformational Leadership Level

2. Leadership efficiency of the executives working in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University is at a high level on the overall (x̄ =3.95). ‘Coordination’

level is the highest (x̄ =4.02), follow by ‘reporting’ (x̄ =3.99), ‘planning’ (x̄ =3.96), ‘directing’ (x̄

=3.94), ‘budgeting’ (x̄ =3.93), ‘staffing’ (x̄ =3.92), and ‘organising’ (x̄ =3.86) respectively.

Table 2: The Analysis of Leadership Efficiency

3. Table 3 shown that, overall, there is a positive correlation between transformational leadership

and leadership efficiency at a high level (.746**, Sig =.000). In the other words, the two variables

move in the same direction; when the level of transformational leadership is high, the leadership

efficiency is also high. Additionally, when the level of transformational leadership is low, leadership

Transformational leadership Comments level

x̄ S.D Meaning lavel

1. Idealised influence 4.00 0.43 High 3

2. Inspirational motivation 4.04 0.52 High 2

3. Intellectual stimulation 4.08 0.46 High 1

4. Individualisaed consideration 3.94 0.56 High 4

Total 4.02 0.45 High

Leadership efficiency Comments level

x̄ S.D Meaning level

1. Planning 3.96 0.56 High 3

2. Organizing 3.86 0.66 High 7

3. Staffing 3.92 0.65 High 6

4. Directing 3.94 0.55 High 4

5. Coordinating 4.02 0.58 High 1

6. Reporting 3.99 0.56 High 2

7. Budgeting 3.93 0.59 High 5

Total 3.95 0.55 High


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efficiency is also low. The result also shown that ‘individualised consideration’ is positively

correlated with leadership efficiency the most (.826**, Sig =.000), follow by ‘inspirational

motivation’ (.646**, Sig =.000), ‘idealised influence’ (.633**, Sig =.000), and ‘intellectual

stimulation’ (.621**, Sig =.000).

Table 3: The correlation between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency

Transformational

Leadership

efficiency of the executives

Pearson

Correlation

Sig

2-tailed

Relationship

level

Relationship

direction

1. Idealised influence .633** .000 Moderate Positive

2. Inspirational motivation .646** .000 Moderate Positive

3. Intellectual stimulation .621** .000 Moderate Positive

4. Individualisaed

consideration

.826** .000 High Positive

Total .746** .000 High Positive

There is a statistical relationship at the level of .01

2. Hypothesis Testing

Transformational leadership and leadership efficiency of the executives working in the Faculty of

Humanities and Social Sciences of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University are positively correlated.

Result summary

1. Transformational leadership is at high level. The result is the highest in consecutive order;

idealised influenced, inspirational motivation, intellectual simulation, and individualised

consideration.

2. Leadership efficiency on the overall is at a high level. The result is the highest in consecutive

order; planning, organising, staffing, directing, coordinating, and reporting.

3. The relationship analysis shown transformational leadership are positively correlated with

leadership efficiency. The result also shown that ‘individualised consideration’ is positively

correlated with leadership efficiency the most, follow by ‘inspirational motivation’, ‘idealised

influence’, and ‘intellectual stimulation’.

Result Discussion

The study of a relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency in the

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University can be discussed as

follow;

1. Transformational leadership of the executives working in the faculty is at a high level on the

overall ( x̄ = 4.02). This is a result of efficient planning deployed by the executives which enable

support staffs to be readily adaptive to changes, realise their goals, and have clear implementation

plans (Bass & Avolio 1994). The faculty’s leaders are able to create positive motivation influencing

employees to work in a good atmosphere and encourage employee engagement. Previous study such

as the work of Khanthong Jaidee (2007) on the relationship between transformational leadership

and staffs’ satisfaction of Sahawiriya Industry, and Poomsak jitboon (2013)’s work on

transformational leadership and teachers’ awareness of Srakaew’s educational service area 1, as

well as the work of Naphatsanan Berkaisai (2014)’s on a relationship between transformational

leadership and ICT implementation pathway of Sakonnakorn’s secondary educational service area

23; also shown transformational leadership are at high level.

2. Leadership efficiency in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Suan Sunandha

Rajabhat University is at a high level (x̄ = 3.95). This is because organisational leaders have

specified work responsibilities appropriately and assigned staffs corresponded to their

specialisation. This enable staffs to work quickly and efficiently according to plan which coincides

with POSDCoRB theory by Gulick & Urwick that says organisation strength is depend on staff

allocation. Many research such as; Pansa Moonpawad (2014)’s work on the relationship between

leadership process and quality assurance of Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area

Office 1, Saowanad Leklersindhu (2016)’s work on the efficiency of Nonthaburi Provincial

Administrative Organisation, and Rungarun Thaunyai (2010)’s study on leadership process

influencing nursery development center in Ladlhoomkaew district, also mutually found leadership


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efficiency were at a high level.

3. The relationship between transformational leadership and leadership efficiency on the overall is

at high level and corresponds to the null hypothesis which shown the executives were able to

motivate their academic support staffs to work passionately with plan and with full potential. The

analysis coincides with; Tippawan Charliekruea (2016)’s study on the relationship between

transformational leadership and leadership efficiency of informal education teachers in Rayong,

Supapron Aekphaopanth (2013)’s study on the relationship between emotional intelligence and

transformational leadership in school executives working under the management of Rayong

secondary educational service area 18, and a study by Supitchaya Kajawong (2013) on the

relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership in school executives

working under the management of Chantaburi primary educational service area 1; which found

transformational leadership were all at a high level.

By aspect, it was found leadership efficiency positively correlates with ‘individualised consideration’

the most which could be because the executives are attentive towards employee’s needs; always

provide challenges to develop employees’ full potential; and provide them with the same treatment.

The analysis coincides with Tadsanee Kaenpmon (2012)’s study on transformational leadership in

school executives under the management of Bangnumpreaw primary educational service area 1

which also found individualised consideration was at a high level.

Academic recommendation

1. There should be a study on transformational leadership and leadership effectiveness.

2. There should be a study on a transformational leadership development model.

Research Recommendation

1.There should be a qualitative study on the same topic in order to provide an in-depth analysis on

the matter

Reference

Jaidee. K. (2007). The Relationship between Administrator’s Transformational Leadership and

Job Satisfaction of Sahaviriya Steel Industries Public Co., Ltd. Employees. Master of Public

Administration (Public Management). Suan Sunandha Rajanhat University.

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Pimpakarn Rattana

ERCICSSH1924113

Factors affecting the Implementation of Sufficient Economy Philosophy in Dusit Community,

Bangkok

Pimpakarn Rattana

Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat

University, Bangkok

Duangporn Saengthong

Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,

Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok

Rapeepat Juntanintorn

Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,

Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok

Abstract

The research objectives are: 1) to study the level of success of sufficient economy philosophy

implementation in a community; 2) to compare the level of success of sufficient economy philosophy

implementation as characterised by personal factors; 3) to study factors affecting sufficient

economy philosophy implementation in a community. The population of this study is 390 people

living in Dusit community, Bangkok. Data collection is done by survey and statistics used are

frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and One-way ANOVA as well as multiple regression

analysis.

The research found: 1) the level of success of sufficient economy policy is at a high level overall

(x ̅=3.67); 2) the hypothesis shown gender and level of education do not contribute to a significance

difference in the level of sufficient economy philosophy implementation success whereas age, career,

and income do alter the level of success; 3) multiple regression analysis found every sufficient

economy philosophy factor is a significant predictor of sufficient economy philosophy

implementation, and that the regression significantly predicted implementation success at 55.4

Percent.

Keywords: Success, Sufficient Economy Philosophy, Dusit, Bangkok

Introduction

The result of economic crisis has an immense effect on the society and the quality of life in general.

It creates problems related to poverty and income inequality. The percentage of poverty which had

previously went on a decline rises significantly after the crisis. The percentage was at 11.4 percent in

1996 and reached 15.9 percent in 1999. Income distribution was worsened, unemployment rate

rises, and bankruptcy number skyrocketed to almost one million people. The majority of people

with were affected the most were non-agricultural business owners, agricultural business owners,

production staffs, construction staffs, and those who were affected the least were technical

professions, academician, and service staffs. The decline in income results in life safety and stability

as well as the safety of their property due to the rises in crime rate that are an aftermath of

unemployment (Academic Satapornbooks, 2018). Other than this, the concept of Sufficient

Economy Philosophy (SEP) emerged as a solution counteracting unemployment which led to social

security cancellation, loss of health care services and increased mental illness.

Sufficient Economy Philosophy is a development approach attributed to the late King Bhumibol


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Adulyadej. As a respond to the crisis, had given his people an approach to sustainable development

as he seek to reduce inequality, eradicate poverty, and strengthen a community’s balanced way of

life. The government humbly embraced his guidance and consequently drafted the 9th and 10th

National Economic and Social Development plan in order to improve the people’s life and recover

them from the effect of 1997 economic crisis. The 1997 crisis exposed the country’s vulnerability

and its lack of sustainability. Therefore, SEP is a development model which many believe to provide

a long-term solution to the communities. The implementation of such framework can lead us to

better handle the next economic crisis; to clarify our goals, develop coherent planning, and work

collectively in a unified direction (Academic Satapornbooks, 2018).

Dusit community is under a management of Dusit District, a commercial and residential

area which is a dense and highly populated. It is also where many educational institutions are

located and where inequality is greatly apparent. SEP approach can, therefore, be applied to

improve economic, social, environmental, and cultural perspectives of the community, enabling

them to live a better and happier life. With this reason, the researcher is particularly interested in

studying factors affecting an implementation of SEP in Dusit community of Bangkok; to find out

factors contribute to the success of SEP implementation in order to create a long-lasting, safe,

stable, quality and a balance way of life for the communities.

Research objectives

1. To study the level of success of sufficient economy philosophy implementation in Dusit

community of Bangkok;

2. To compare the level of success of sufficient economy philosophy implementation in Dusit

community as characterised by personal factors.

3. To study factors affecting the success of sufficient economy philosophy implementation in Dusit

community.

Conceptual framework

The conceptual framework is a result of documentary review on SEP theories and concepts

as well as research studies.

The data analysis was done after data collection and accuracy check. Data analysis is done

statistically. The research employed simple random sampling and the research analyses were as

follow:

Personal factors analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage.

Means comparisons of SEP implementation success in the community were done using T-

test and One-way ANOVA.

The analysis of factors affecting SEP implementation success used means, standard

deviation and multiple regression analysis to find out the relationship between factors affecting SEP

implementation success in the community on the overall and by aspect.

Personal Factors

- Gender

- Age

- Education level

- Career

- Income

Sufficient Economy

- Moderation

- Reasonableness

- Self-immunity

- Knowledge

- Morality

The implementation of Sufficient

Economy Philosophy in Dusit

Community

- Economic

- Social

- Environmental

- Cultural


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The scope of population is the people living in Dusit area, Bangkok. The total number of

population is 12,616 people and after employing Yamane’s method, 390 people were extracted as

population sample.

The scopes of content in the study are factors affecting the implementation of Sufficient

Economy Philosophy in Dusit Community, Bangkok. The approach is a sustainable development

framework facilitated by King Rama 9 of Thailand.

The scope of variables includes personal factors which are gender, age, level of education,

career, income, and SEP factors consisted of three interlocking key-elements which are moderation,

reasonableness, and self-immunity as well as two conditions which are knowledge and morality. The

dependent variables are the success of SEP implementation in Dusit community extracted from

sustainable development concept comprised of economic aspect, social aspect, environmental aspect,

and cultural aspect.

Findings

1. The research found the level of SEP implementation in Dusit community is at high level on the

overall (x ̅=3.67). Additionally, social aspect is a variable with the highest mean (x ̅=3.74), follow by

environmental (x ̅=3.65), economic (x ̅=3.64), and cultural แ (x ̅=3.64) as shown on Table 1.

Table 1: the level of success of sufficient economy philosophy implementation in Dusit community,

Bangkok

the implementation of Sufficient

Economy Philosophy in Dusit

Community

Comment Level

Level Mean S.D. Meaning

Economic 3.64 .732 high 3

Social 3.74 .762 high 1

Environmental 3.65 .746 high 2

Cultural 3.64 .723 high 4

Total 3.67 .632 high 2. Hypothesis testing

Hypothesis 1: different personal factors contribute different levels of SEP implementation

success in Dusit community.

1.1 Null hypothesis states that people with different gender contribute to different level of SEP

implementation success in Dusit community. Contradictorily, at a significance level of 0.05, the

result found different genders do not contribute to different level of success in the implementation;

therefore it rejects the null hypothesis as shown on Table 2 below:

Table 2: the comparisons of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok (gender

difference)

(n = 390)

gender �̅� S.D. t Sig.

Man

Women

3.71

3.62

.638

.626

1.36 .600

*statistically significance level of 0.05 1.2 Null hypothesis states that people with different age contribute to different level of SEP

implementation success in Dusit community. Complementarily, at a significance level of 0.05, the

result found different age do contribute to different level of implementation success, therefore it

accepts the null hypothesis as shown on Table 3 below:

Table 3: the comparisons of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok (age

difference)

(n = 390)

Source of df SS MS F Sig.


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variation

Between groups

Within groups

Total

4

385

389

12.621

143.178

155.798

3.155

.372

8.484 .000

*statistically significance level of 0.05

1.3 Null hypothesis states that people with different education level contribute to different level of

SEP implementation success in Dusit community. However, at a significance level of 0.05, the result

found different education level do not contribute to different level of implementation success,

therefore it rejects the null hypothesis as shown on Table 4:

Table 4: the comparisons of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok (education

levels)

(n = 390)

Source of

variation df SS MS F Sig.

Between

groups

Within groups

Total

4

385

289

.730

155.068

155.798

.183

.403

.453 .770


1.4 Null hypothesis states that people with different career contribute to different level of SEP

implementation success in Dusit community. At a significance level of 0.05, the result accepts the

hypothesis and confirms that different career paths contribute to different level of implementation

success as shown on Table 5:

Table 5: the comparisons of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok (career

difference)

(n = 390)

Source of


Between

groups

Within groups

Total

3

386

389

8.834

146.964

155.798

2.945

.381

7.734 .000


1.5 Null hypothesis states that people with different income level contribute to different level of SEP

implementation success in Dusit community. At a significance level of 0.05, the result accepts the

hypothesis and confirms that different income level contributes to different level of implementation

success as shown on Table 6:

Table 6: the comparisons of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok (income

difference)

(n = 390)

Source of


Between groups

Within groups

Total

3

386

389

26.921

128.877

155.798

8.947

.334

26.877 .000



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Hypothesis 2 states that sufficient economy philosophy factors affect sufficient economy philosophy

implementations in the community. Correspondingly, the result accepts the null hypothesis at

statistically significance level 0.05 as shown on table 7:

Table 7: Multiple regression analysis of factors affecting sufficient economy philosophy

implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok

Sufficient Economy B T Sig.t

Moderation

Reasonableness

Self-immunity

Knowledge

Morality

(Constant)

.162

.130

.156

.237

.139

.557

3.791

3.015

4.547

4.745

3.325

3.751

.000

.003

.000

.000

.001

.000

R = .748a , R2 = .560 , R2Adjusted = .554 , Sig = .422


The table illustrates that the model significantly predicts sufficient economy philosophy

implementation success at 55.4 percent. And factor which affected the implementation the most is

knowledge, follow by self-immunity, moderateness, morality, and reasonableness respectively.

The regression coefficient of the predictors affecting SEP implementation success can be

written in an equation as follow: y = 0.557 + (0.162x1) + (0.130x2) + (0.156x3) + (0.327x4) +

(0.139x5)

The results can be summarised as follow; variables that have positive relationship with SEP

implementation success in Dusit community (y) at a significance level of 0.05 are: knowledge (x4) ,

moderateness (x1), self-immunity (x3), morality (x5), and reasonableness (x2). They have coefficient

values of .237, .162, .156, .139 and .130 consecutively, which means these factors are the indicators

for SEP implementation success in the community.

Result summary

1. The level of SEP implementation success in Dusit community, Bangkok, is at a high level

on the overall. Social aspect has the highest mean, follow by environment, economic, and cultural

aspect.

2. Hypothesis found gender and education level do not affect implementation success in the

community whereas age, career, and income level significantly affect the level of implementation

success.

3. Multiple regression analysis result shown SEP factors affecting SEP implementation

success in the community from most to least are knowledge, self-immunity, moderateness, morality,

and reasonableness consecutively.

Result discussion

1. The level of SEP implementation success in Dusit community is at a high level

overall (x ̅=3.67). This is because the philosophy is an imitation of original ways of life that is deeply

rooted in the society. They were practiced by ancestors for many decades and centuries therefore, it

is easily adaptable for all groups of people in the society. It can generate balanced development and

sustainable living in many aspects whether it is an economic aspect, social aspect, environmental

aspect or cultural aspect which coincides with Thaninyarin Siripunnadhirajata’s (2015) research on

factors affecting SEP implementation success in Ranong that also found high implementation level

overall.

2. SEP implementation success comparison in Dusit community characterised by

personal factors such as gender, age, education level, career, and income level shown:

Gender: different genders do not contribute to differences in SEP implementation

success level and rejects the null hypothesis. This is because both genders are perceived as equal in

today’s society. They have equal opportunity to pursuit any knowledge or information they want.

Additionally, public and private sectors increasingly place importance in the people’s quality of life

development whether it is in terms of skills development, professional development, vocational


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profession, or educational skills development. These prospects allow people of different gender to

adopt SEP indifferently, which corresponds to Sakorn Chamnanpuen, Wirot Phanthawan and

Thanaporn Asaporn (2012)’s work on SEP implementation in Khao Chakan district of Srakaew

that also finds different genders do not significantly contribute to a different level of

implementation success.

Age: differences in age contribute to significantly different level of SEP

implementation in the community. The result accepts null hypothesis. This is because age

determines experiences individuals have in life, thus, as people grow older they can better analyse

problems and situations differently. They are able to adapt the usage of sufficient economy

philosophy to the ways of lives better than the younger generations. The result coincides with

Auangtip Ketkray’s (2008) study on the adoption of SEP in daily lives of Klong Pra Udom people,

Pakkred District, Nonthaburi which found people with different age have different level of SEP

implementation.

Education level: people with different education levels do not portray significant

difference in SEP implementation success. The result rejects null hypothesis. Because SEP is a basic

concept which do not require advanced understanding or higher education for its implementation,

the knowledge can be circulated throughout the community and easily embrace to fit each

individuals’ lifestyles. Correspondingly, Pongsoon Piraksa’s (2013) work on practicing of the

philosophy of sufficiency economy into the life style of army ordnance department found different

education level do not contribute to differences in SEP implementation.

Career: people with different careers have different level of SEP implementation

success. The finding accepts null hypothesis. It is suspected that individuals employed in different

professions may have different analysis skills and different level of decision making potential.

Complementarily, Tanongsak Sonsung’s work (2013) on opinions on SEP adoption in Suan Aoy

community, Wachira Payabarn Sub-district of Dusit District found different careers lead to

different levels of implementation success.

Income level: people with different income levels foster different level of

implementation success in the community because people with lower income need to spend the

majority of their time working and earning more income for themselves and family, therefore, they

have lesser time thinking about sustainability living or the quality of life. On the other hand, people

with higher income have more time to think about sustainability in terms of economic, social,

environmental and cultural aspect, which coincides with Usanee Suwan’s (2015) study on female

roles in developing a community using SEP in Wad Saparn community in Chainart that revealed

similar result.

3. Multiple regression analysis of factors affecting SEP implementation success in

Dusit found all five SEP aspects which are comprised of three interlocking key-elements namely

moderation, reasonableness, and self-immunity; and two conditions namely knowledge and

morality; contribute to implementation success in the community. Because people in Dusit

community live their lives according to The Middle Way philosophy and place high importance in

having a balanced lifestyle, activities and occupations they chose often situated upon

reasonableness. They also placed high importance in building self-immunity with the knowledge

their have in order to be readily prepared for changes in economic, social, environmental, and

cultural aspect. The finding corresponds to Aumpon SanowNarong’s (2007) work which revealed

SEP is a sustainability framework comprised of 7 principles which are self-reliance, moderateness,

middle-way, self-immunity, reasonableness, morality, and camaraderie. The author claimed people

of different groups and occupation can take up the philosophy and make use of it. The claim

matches with Thaninyarin Siripunnadhirajata’s (2015) result on factors influencing SEP

implementation success in Ranong which found regression analysis variables are knowledge,

moderateness, and reasonableness.

Research recommendation

The research, factors affecting the implementation of Sufficient Economy

Philosophy in Dusit Community, Bangkok, found high implementation level on the overall. It

illustrates that the community are knowledgeable and understood the concept of SEP well enough

for implementation. They are able to adopt the philosophy apply it on their ways of lives. It also all

factors examined contribute to the level of implementation success, hence, these factors are what

contribute to a quality and happy life. The researcher recommends that the community organises

more activities to enhance the level of SEP adoption for a long-term implementation success, for an


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example, the community could arrange hands-on training about SEP philosophy while enabling

practical experience method.

Academic recommendations

1. There should be a study on SEP prototype community in order to initiate

development pathways towards a balanced, stable, successful ways of lives for individuals,

communities, and national levels.

2. There should be an in-depth and qualitative study on the matter. Interviews

should be conducted with community leaders in order to obtain further information useful for

community development.

Suphak Sirirat

ERCICSSH1924114

+

Boonwat Sawangwong

ERCICSSH1924114

Factors affecting Work Efficiency of Employees in Nonthaburi Provincial Administration

Organisation

Suphak Sirirat

Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social sciences, Suan Sunandha


Boonwat Sawangwong

Lecturer in Police Administration, Faculty of Humanities and Social sciences, Suan Sunandha


Abstract

The objectives of the research include: 1) to study the level of work motivation among employees of

Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation; 2) to study the efficiency of employees and; 3)

to study factors affecting work efficiency of employees in Nonthaburi Provincial Administration

Organisation. The sample group was 230 employees. It used questionnaire for data collection. Data

analysis involved descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, standard deviation and Multiple

Regression Analysis at the significance level of 0.05. The study revealed that; 1) most employees of

Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation are female, age between 30 - 40 years old, and

graduated with at least a bachelor degree. Their average monthly income is between 15,000 - 24,999

Baht. The length of employment goes between 5 - 10 years and they are mostly public servant; 2)

the overall work motivation is at a high level; 3) performance efficiency on the overall is also in a

high level; and 4) factors affecting work efficiency of employees in Nonthaburi Provincial

Administration Organisation includes ‘personnel type’, ‘responsibility’, ‘pay’, ‘status in the

organisation’ and ‘physical working condition.’

Key words: Motivation, Performance, Efficiency, Nonthaburi Provincial, Administration

Organisation

Introduction

Employees are one of the most crucial factors for the survival of public organisations. In order for

an organisation to be successful, goals must be achieved according to objectives planning and

employees are the key to its success management. Public servants work under the control of their

supervisor and have responsibility to the well-beings of the citizens. They are entitled to work

efficiently according to organisation goals and objectives. Relatively, employees must be encouraged

and motivated in order to increase performance efficiency. With the right type of motivation, they

can be more eager to achieve set tasks. Other than commitment from employees, public

organisation also needs public participation and government support. Public organisation and

public employees work to serve the people and they work closely with the public. Therefore, public

participation is important. Without such collaboration, public organisation is less likely to be

successful at their goals. Public servants need the right motivation and public participation in order

for them to accomplish their work.

The researcher is interested in studying Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees in

Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation. The research will study personal factors and

motivation factors as illustrated by Herzberg’s Two-factor motivation theory. Two-factor theory

assumes that there are two major factors which an organisation can use to motivate employees in

the workplace in order to achieve greater work efficiency. Public organisation can make use of the

theory to improve organisation performance.

Research objectives

1. To study the level of work motivation among employees of Nonthaburi Provincial Administration


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Organisation

2. To study the efficiency of employees working in Nonthaburi Provincial Administration

Organisation.

3. To study factors affecting work efficiency of employees in Nonthaburi Provincial Administration

Organisation.

Literature review

Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory

Herzberg (Suchat Nahuai.2011, 22-24) studied the relationship between satisfaction and work

efficiency. In 1959, he conducted a research with at least 200 employees and interviewed them on

satisfaction factors in work environment. He discovered that work motivation is influenced by two

major factors which are motivators and hygiene factors. The characteristics of both factors can be

clarified as follow:

1) Motivators are motivation factors that directly contribute to work satisfaction and it is comprised

of work achievement, work recognition, nature of work, work responsibility, and career

advancement.

2) Hygiene factors are necessary as it keeps employees satisfied with the jobs. In the absence of it,

employees will be dissatisfied and feel negatively towards to jobs. Hygiene factors include; (1) ‘pay’

which must be reasonable and appropriate according to the industry standard; (2) ‘career

advancement’; (3) ‘Interpersonal relations’ with employees, peers, and superiors; (4) ‘employee’s

status’ in the organisation; (5) ‘company and administrative policies’ that is flexible, fair and clear;

(6) ‘physical working conditions’ that are safe and clean; (7) ‘fringe benefits’; (8) ‘job security’; and

(9) ‘supervision’

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Maslow (1970) (Pathomwong Siehasena.2014, 17-18) is another motivational theory which stressed

that human’s action and needs can be studied in a form of five-tier pyramid. Maslow stated that,

naturally, human feel they have a want to fulfill the needs that are lower down hierarchy before

attending to the higher ones. Maslow’s five-tier model is comprised of; 1) physiological needs which

are basic needs such as food and water; 2) safety needs; 3) belongingness and love needs such as

intimate relationships; 4) esteem needs or the feeling of accomplishment; and 5) self-actualisation

which refers to full potential achievement.

Related research

Nuanphan Bunyarit (2015) studied “A study of Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees of

Chonburi Provincial Administration Organization” and found that factors influencing work has a

mean of 3.58, work motivations has a mean of 3.56, and work efficiency in Chonburi Provincial

Administration Organisation staffs has a mean of 3.78 which is considered as high.

Hypothesis testing revealed factors affecting work efficiency are structure and ability. Such factor is

found to have relationship with work efficiency at a low level (R = .492) and it affects the work

efficiency of Chonburi Provincial Administration Organisation at statistical significance .05 (F =

39.428, df = 2, Sig. = .000).

Factors for work motivation are job position, responsibility, and status. The relationship between

these factors and work efficiency is at a moderate level (R=.727) and affects Chonburi Provincial

Administration Organisation work efficiency at statistical significance.05 (F = 68.633, df = 4, Sig. =

.000).

The overall factors for work motivation has a relationship with work efficiency at a moderate level

and affects Chonburi Provincial Administration Organisation work efficiency at statistical

significance.05 (F = 164.651, df = 1, Sig. = .000). Influencing factors on the overall do not have effect

on Chonburi Provincial Administration Organisation work efficiency.

Methee Praichit (2556) studied “Determination of The impact factors on The reinforcement upon

The employees’ performance Case study: Sutani company limited” and found that the

environmental aspect which contribute the level of work efficiency was on a moderate level.

Stability affects work efficiency also at a moderate level. Payment affects Suthani employees work

efficiency on a low level. Respect and recognition have moderate effect on work efficiency. Job

characteristic affects work efficiency on a low level. Interpersonal community affects work

efficiency at a moderate level. Additionally, training and personal development affect work

efficiency on a low level.


Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees in Nonthaburi Provincial Administration


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Organisation is a quantitative research. It used survey questionnaires as tools for data collection.

The population of this research is Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation staffs which

comprised of government officers, full-time, and part-time employees equivalent to 503 people

(information updated on the 18th of February 2019).

The population sample is 230 government officers, full-time, part-time employees. The population

sample is calculated using Yamane’s (1973) theory.

1. Data collection

Data collection procedures for Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees in Nonthaburi

Provincial Administration Organisation research are as follow;

1) Sending the Mayor of Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation an official

request from Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University for permission in conducting a data collection at

their workplace.

2) The researcher distributed survey questionnaires to participants

3) The researcher collects back the survey questionnaires in order to examine for data

accuracy for further statistical analysis.

The survey can be differentiated into 3 sections;

Part 1: asking for personal information such as gender, age, education level, income level,

and length of employment. The questions on this section are close-ended questions in a checklist

form.

Part 2: are questions regarding factors affecting their work efficiency. The questions on

this section are formulated from Herzberg’s theory. The participants answer the questions in Likert

satisfaction scale (Likert, 1932).

Part 3: participants answer questions using Likert scale. The questions are on work efficiency of

Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation.

2. Data analysis

The research uses SPSS for data analysis and it is divided into two parts:

1) Descriptive statistical analysis analyzing basic information in forms of frequency,

percentage, mean and standard deviation.

2) Inferential statistical analysis for hypothesis testing in order to find out personal and

motivational factors influencing Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation employees

through Multiple Regression Analysis.

Research finding

The result revealed;

1. The majority of Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation are female (159 officers).

Seventy-one of them are male. Most of the employees are between 30-40 years old. They have at

least a bachelor degree education. They have a monthly income between 15,000 – 24,999 Baht and

have worked at the organisation for at least 5 – 10 years. Most of them are also government

employees.

2. The level of motivational factor influencing work efficiency at the organisation is on a high level

overall. The aspects with high level of satisfactions are responsibility, work achievement, employee’s

status, and job characteristic. The aspects with moderate satisfaction level are recognition,

interpersonal relationship, stability and safety, pay, career advancement, and work environment.

3. Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation have high satisfaction level on work

efficiency. The order from most to least can be listed consecutively as; cost-effective use of

resources, work quality, and good operational speed.

4. From multiple regression analysis, it was found factors influencing work efficiency in terms of

personal factors are gender, age, education level, income level, work duration, and type of

employment. Motivational factors are work achievement, recognition, job characteristic, work

responsibility, and career advancement. Additionally, the hygiene factors are pay, interpersonal

relationship within the organisation, job position, work environment, and stability and safety at

work. In statistical term, it can be described that the independent variables have an ability to

explain work efficiency variance at 66 percent (R2 = 0.660).

Result discussion

The research studies 230 samples in which the majorities are female age between 30-40 years old.

They have at least a bachelor degree education and a monthly income between 15,000-24,999 Baht.

They have worked in the organisation for at least 5-10 years and most of them are government

employees. The result of the samples can be discussed as follow;


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1. The motivational level of Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation is at a high level on

the overall. The aspects with high level of satisfactions are responsibility, work achievement,

employee’s status, and job characteristic. This shown the employees have good planning and able to

complete the task as assigned. They are responsible, attentive, thorough, and have an ability to solve

work-related problems. It also means the organisation have given appropriate roles and

responsibilities to their employees according to each individual’s specialisation. The result

corresponds to Vassana Pattananunchai (2010)’s study on motivational factors affecting work

efficiency of employees working at the Crown Property Bureau that the majority of the employees

have high motivational factors and hygiene factors. The three highest motivational factors are

work achievement, work responsibility, and job characteristics.

2. On the overall, the employees have high satisfaction level towards work efficiency. These include

high opinions toward cost-effective resource usage, work quality, and performance speed. The

result shown Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organsation employees work accurately and

effectively. They could complete their tasks on time. They have planning ability. They continuously

develop skills necessary for work. They made use of resources effectively. Correspondingly,

Panyaporn Thitipong (2015)’s on motivational factors influencing work efficiency of Inter Expert

Construction employees also found high efficiency level of the employees on the overall, and the

finding shown work quality was at a high level.

3. Factors affecting work efficiency of Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation are

personal factors (type of employee) and motivational factors such as responsibility, pay, job

position, work environment, and stability and safety.

Type of employee affects work efficiency of because each types of employee are assigned with

different jobs and responsibilities. Each role requires different skills, knowledge, and experiences

for task completion, therefore it influences the level of work efficiency. The finding coincides with

Charinee Chansangsri (1997)’s study on factors affecting work efficiency of employees from an air

traffic control company which discovered factors influencing work efficiency are marital status, job

position, income, and job satisfaction.

‘Responsibility’ factor affects the employees because work performance is dependable on

individual’s responsibilities. High responsibility would generate better work accomplishment and

vice versa. The result corresponds with Nuanphan Bunyarit (2015)’s study on work efficiency of

Choburi Provincial Administration Organisation employees which found ‘work responsibility’ has

effect on the employees’ work efficiency.

‘Pay’ affects Nonthaburi Provincial Organisation employees because pay is a crucial factor in

determining motivation level for employees. It is undeniable to say money is a necessity for a

maintaining a good living standard, therefore, it is one of the most important factors at work. The

result complements Wanvisa Samorn (2008)’s study on satisfaction levels towards work efficiency

for Catolet employees and found that ‘pay’ is one of the factors affecting work performance.

‘Job position’ affects Nonthaburi Provincial Organisation employees because each position is

assigned with different duties, therefore, employees with different skills are selected for certain

positions and given a different pay. The result coincides with Nuanphan Bunyarit (2015)’s study on

factor affecting work efficient of Chonburi Provincial Administration Organisation employees that

‘job position’ is one of the motivational factors affecting the work efficiency.

‘Work environment’ affects work efficiency because if facilities were not suitable for good working

condition, employees are less likely to want to be at the workplace. For an example, if the workplace

is tiny and the room is not fully ventilated, employees can be less motivated at work as they need to

spend at least 8 hours a day at the site. This coincides with Methee Praichit (2013)’s study on factors

affecting work efficiency of Suthani company that ‘work environment’ is rated at moderately

important for work efficiency.

‘Stability and safety at work’ affects work efficiency because safety and security is one of the basic

factors for job performance. If employees found the organisation is trustworthy, they are likely to

feel more secure and vice versa. Less stability and less trust can enable employees to work less

efficiently. The result coincides with Methee Praichit (2013)’s study on factors affecting work

efficiency of Suthani company which revealed that that ‘stability and safety at work’ is a factor

contributed to work efficiency.

Recommendations

Some recommendations following the study on Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees in

Nonthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation are;


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1. Organisation should adjust employees’ salary based upon employee’s skills and knowledge and

should provide stability, security, and safety at work to increase e trust within the organisation.

2. Organisation should moderate workplace facilities for it to be in appropriate condition in order

to increase employees’ motivation. For an instance, if the size of room is too small for the amount of

employees they could become less motivated.

3. Organisation should provide up-to-date facilities that are sufficient to serve numbers of

employees in the organisation in order to increase work efficiency.

4. Organisation should organised activities which can formulate better interpersonal relationship

among employees. This is to enhance happiness and camaraderie between employees.

Future research recommendation

1. There should be studies on other factors affecting employees’ work efficiency.

2. There should be a qualitative research for in-depth interview to take place in order to

determine obstacles at work.

3. There should be studies on different type of organisation in order to cultivate and widen

knowledge on work efficiency.

REFERENCES

Bunyarit N. (2015). A study of Factors Affecting Work Efficiency of Employees of

Chonburi Provincial Administration Organization. Plublic Management. Burapha University.

Chansangsri C. (1997). Factors affecting the efficiency of air traffic control officers of

Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Limited. National Institute of Development

Administration.

Nahuai S. (2011). Factors Affecting the performance according to the secret police,

constabulary 3, secret police headquarters 1, secret police general headquarters.

Mahamakut Buddhist University.

Pattananunchai V. (2010). Factors Affecting Work Motivation among Officers of the

Crown Property Bureau. Social Development. National Institute of Development Administration.

Praichit M. (2013). Determination of The impact factors on The reinforcement upon The

employees’ performance Case study: Sutani company limited. Bangkokthonburi

University.

Samorn W. (2008). Opinions of factors effect to efficiency of employee’s operation in

Katolec (Thailand) CO.,LTD. Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University.

Siehasena P. (2014). Work motivation among personnel working for Khai Noenwong

sub-district municiplality, Tambon Bang Kha-ja, Amphoe Muang, Chanthaburi Province.

Public and Private Management Program. Burapha University.

Thitipong P. (2015). Motivation which affects the efficiency in operation of the Personnel

towards the Construction company: Inter Expert construction.,LTD. Silpakorn

University.

Tararat Takhiansok

ERCICSSH1924115

The Quality of Work Life in Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Case Study of Sri-khema Market,

Bangsue District, Bangkok

Tararat Takhiansok


University, Bangkok

Boonwat Sawangwong



Abstract

The objective of this study is to: 1) study the level of quality of work life in migrant workers and; 2)

to compare the level of quality of work life in migrant workers differentiated by personal factors.

The research uses quantitative method to study 232 participants in Sri-khema Market in Bangsue

district of Bangkok. It used surveys for data collection. Statistical analysis was done using

frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and One-way ANOVA. If the overall

ANOVA resulted in a P value less than 0.05, Least Significant Method would be used to produce

pairwise comparison. The result found;

1. The level of quality of life overall is at high level with a mean of 3.60. Once studied by aspect, it


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was found that ‘work benefiting the society’ was rated the highest at 4.17, follow by ‘fair wages’ at

4.16 and ‘safe and healthy working condition’ at 4.09 consecutively.

2. The comparison of level of quality of life in migrant workers in Sri-khema Market in Bangsue

district of Bangkok differentiated by personal factors found: gender, marital status, education level,

and income level do not induce different level of quality of life whereas age, nationality and length

of employment induce differences in the levels of quality of life.

Keywords: Quality Of Work Life, Migrant Workers, Sri-Khema Community

Introduction

Thailand had continuously encountered unlawful entries by illegal migrant workers for

some time. Governments after governments attempted to solve the issue but had been unsuccessful.

Ever since 1996, the amount of unlawful entries by these workers increased significantly due to

business and industrial growth which demanded a greater number of workers. Thai workers were

seen as incapable of working labour or risky jobs whereas the workers from the neighboring

countries with slower economic growth are not put off by it. (International Labour Organization

(ILO),(2012)

Thailand have need for migrant workers due to the lack of labour in particularly in the

area of fishery, downstream industry, agricultural, construction, and maiden services. Therefore,

importing migrant workers can chiefly benefit the country. Thai borders are connected to countries

like Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia making them easily commutable and accessible,

subsequently, it is also the reason why migrant workers chose to work in Thailand. The higher

number of migrant workers do not lower employments in Thai people. Therefore, the country

should aim to promote human rights and human dignity allowing everyone to freely choose their

jobs, to have basic awareness of work rights, and obtain enough income to provide basic economic,

social, and social protection to themselves and families.

Having a quality work life is a fundamental basic to survival. Having a quality life is dependable on

4 main factors which are physical factor, mental factor, social factor and economical factor. These

are the basic requirements which will enable migrant workers in Sri-khema market, Bangsue

district of Bangkok to work effectively according to goal as well as promoting organisational

development and quality employees.

Research objectives

1. To study the level of quality of life in migrant workers in Sri-khema market, Bangsue

district, Bangkok.

2. To compare the level of quality of life in migrant workers in Sri-khema district, differentiated by

personal factors.

Literature review

The Quality of Life in Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Case Study of Sri-khema Market,

Bangsue District, Bangkok, is developed from the studies of concepts, theories, research and

dissertation on migrant workers. The following review can be summarized as follow;

1) The concept of quality work life

Walton (1973) stressed that quality work life is the life that responds to each individual’s

needs and characterized by personal and social influences.

2) The theory of quality work life

Walton (1973, 12-18) claimed the eight main factors contributed to a quality work life are:

1. Fair wages

2. Safe and healthy working condition

3. Career growth and job stability

4. Social integration

5. Personal development

6. Workplace democracy

7. Work-life balance

8. Benefit to the society

The following theory placed emphasis on fair wages, safe and healthy working condition,

stability and career advancement, personal development, social integration, workplace democracy,

work-life balance and work benefiting the society. These are the basics to work efficiency and

effectiveness, as well as the key to increasing productivity.

3) The concept of migrant workers

Migrant workers refer to migration of labour from one country to another. The people that


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belong to the original community interacts with the new one through the basis of employment.

Migrant workers exist throughout countries especially in the era where transportation is easily

accessible and commuting in long distance is no longer an obstacle as in the past. Moreover, the

rapid change in economic, social, political, and cultural factor are what contributed to global

capitalism.

4) Relevant research

Tatsanee Charttai (2017) studied the quality of work life of Dhurakij Pundit University’s personnel

and found that the staffs have high work life quality on the overall and different personal factors do

not create difference in work life quality. Employees with different personal factors do not placed

the importance of work life quality differently. They were particularly pleased with the ‘fair wages’.

Attaphong Limkanchanawat (2015) studied The Employment of Migrant Workers in Suratthani.

Entrepreneur and found the employment on the overall is at high level. When considered by aspect,

from most to least, the means were in the following order: work benefiting the society, personal

development, social integration, workplace democracy, career advancement and stability, follow by

safe and healthy working condition.

The following documentary review concluded that the quality of work life of migrant

workers in different places are at different levels. The framework of the research can, therefore, be

established as follow:

(Independent Variables)

Personal factors 1. Gender 2. Age 3. Marital status 4. Education level 5. Income level 6. Nationality 7. Length of employment

Methodology

The research is a quantitative research. It used survey as data collection instrument examining data

from 232 people representing the total population of 550 migrant workers in Sri-khema market,

Bangsue district, Bangkok. The population sample is calculated using Taro Yamane’s theory and

stratified random sampling method is performed to obtain information from 232 key informants.

From this study, the research used survey questionnaire that is built on the realm of theory

and concepts studied from documentary research. Data collection is divided into information

obtained from primary data (232 people) and secondary data. The researcher used SPSS to analyse

personal factors such as gender, age, marital status, education level, income, nationality and

employment duration. Statistics used are descriptive statistic such as frequency, percentage, mean

and standard deviation. The hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics. T-test was used to

compare the mean between the two independent groups and F-test as well as one-way analysis of

variance were used for comparison of mean calculated from more than two groups. If the P value is

less than 0.05, Least Significant Method were used to produce pairwise comparison.

Research finding

Part 1: result analysis of personal information of migrant workers in Sri-khema market, Bangsue

district of Thailand found the majority of migrant workers amounted to 148 people are male

(63.8%) age between 30-39 years (76.3%) and are married (79.3%). 127 finished high school

education (54.7%) and have monthly income between 15,001-20,000 Baht (59.1%). Most of them or

131 people are Cambodian (56.5%) and 43.5% have worked between 6 to 10 years.

Part 2: the result analysis for the level of work life quality of migrant workers in Thailand from the

area is found to be on a high level (x ̅ = 3.60, SD = .270). When consider by aspect, ‘benefit to the

society’ is at the highest level (x ̅ = 4.17, SD = .302), follow by ‘fair wages’ (x ̅ = 4.16, SD = .495), ‘safe

and healthy working condition’ (x ̅ = 4.09, SD = .384), and ‘relationship in workplace’ (x ̅ = 3.73, SD

(Dependent Variables)

Quality work life 1. Fair wages

2. Safe and healthy working condition

3. Career growth and job stability

4. Social integration

5. Personal development

6. Workplace democracy

7. Work-life balance

8. Benefit to the society


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= .393). Additionally, ‘democracy in workplace’ (x ̅ = 3.28, SD = .406), ‘stability and career

advancement’ (x ̅ = 3.25, SD = .566), ‘work-life balance’ (x ̅ = 3.08, SD = .320), and ‘personal

development’ (x ̅ = 3.06, SD = .615) are rated at a moderate level as shown on Table 1.

Table 1: mean and standard deviation of the quality of work life in migrant workers in Sri-kheme

market, Bangsue, Bangkok

Quality work life

Quality work life level

Sequence Mean S.D. Satisfaction

1. Fair wages 4.16 .495 High 2

2. Safe and healthy working condition 4.09 .384 High 3

3. Career growth and job stability 3.25 .566 Medium 6

4. Social integration 3.06 .615 Medium 8

5. Personal development 3.73 .393 High 4

6. Workplace democracy 3.28 .406 Medium 5

7. Work-life balance 3.08 .320 Medium 7

8. Benefit to the society 4.17 .302 High 1

Total 3.60 .270 High -

Part 3: the result analysis showing comparison of level of quality of life in migrant workers in Sri-

khema Market in Bangsue district of Bangkok differentiated by personal factors found:

1 ) Gender: the p-value of gender is at .645 which is more than 0.05 therefore, migrant

workers with different genders do not have significant difference in the level of work life quality.

The result accepts the null hypothesis and can be display as shown on Table 2. Table 2: the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in

Sri-khema district, Bangsue, Bangkok by gender

( n=232 )

Quality work life gender �̅� S.D. t df P value

Total Male 3.61 .286 .462 198 .645

Female 3.59 .240

*statistical significance .05

2) Age: the p-value is 0.04 which is smaller than 0.05 therefore it rejects the null hypothesis

stating that migrant workers of different age has different level of work life quality. The data is

shown on Table 3.

Table 3 the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in Sri-

khema district, Bangsue, Bangkok by age

( n=232 )

Source of variance df SS MS F P value

Between-Group variance 2 .799 .399 5.701 .004*


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Within-Group variance 229 16.045 .070

Total 231 16.844


3) Marital status: the p-value is at .094 which is larger than 0.05 meaning different marital

status does not necessary foster significant difference in the level of work life quality, hence, the

result accepts the null hypothesis as shown on Table 4.

Table 4: the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in

Sri-khema district, Bangsue, Bangkok by marital status


Between-Group variance 2 .344 .172 2.386 0.94


Total 231 16.844


4) Education: the p-value is at .338 and is larger than 0.05, thus, it accepts the null

hypothesis stating different education level do not induce significant difference in the work life

quality of migrant workers.

Table 5: the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in

Sri-khema district, Bangsue, Bangkok by education level


Between-Group variance 2 .159 .079 1.091 .338


Total 231 16.844


5) Income: p-value is at .398 which is larger than 0.05, thus, it accepts the hypothesis stating

migrant workers with different level of income do not have different work life quality as shown on

Table 6.

Table 6: the analysis of result comparison on the work life quality of migrant workers in Sri-khema

district, Bangsue, Bangkok by income level


Between-Group variance 2 .135 .067 .924 .398


Total 231 16.884


6) Nationality: the p-value is at .002 which is smaller than 0.05, therefore, it rejects the null

hypothesis stating migrant workers with different nationality have different level of work life

quality.


district, Bangsue, Bangkok by nationality


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Between-Group variance 2 .902 .451 6.475 .002*


Total 231 16.844

7) Length of employment: p-value is at .000 which is smaller than 0.05, which means migrant

workers with different length of employment have significant difference in work life quality. The

result rejects the null hypothesis as shown on Table 8.


district, Bangsue, Bangkok by length of employment


Between-Group variance 2 1.806 .903 13.752 .000*


Total 231 16.844


Using t-test the result concludes that migrant workers of different gender do not have significant

difference in work life quality and accepts the hypothesis. From One-way ANOVA test, it was found

that migrant workers with different marital status, education level, and income do not have

significant difference in work life quality, therefore also accepts the null hypothesis. On the other

hand, the results shown significant difference exists in the work life quality level in migrant workers

with different age, nationality, and length of employment which subsequently rejects the null

hypothesis.

Results discussion

The level of quality of work life in migrant workers working in Sri-khema market in

Bangsue district of Bangkok is at a high level on the overall. The result corresponds to

Attaphong Limkanchanawat (2015)’s study on The Employment of Migrant Workers in Suratthani

Entrepreneur which also revealed the quality of work life at a high level. This could be because

employers had paid attention to their employees’ well beings in terms of social integration and safe

and healthy working condition in which the two factors directly contributed to a high quality of

work life. Moreover, the company also provided adequate and fair wages to the employees. They

received incentive for working over-time and were satisfied with the pay. Relatively, Maslow’s

theory stated life satisfaction came from the fulfillment of; physiological needs that are the basis for

survival; security and safety needs, therefore, the employees are likely to be satisfied if the company

provides safe and healthy working condition. The next three level of needs are ‘mental’. These

needs are love and belongingness needs, esteem needs and self actualisation needs. The workers did

not have career advancement, thus, self-actualisation needs is not fulfilled. They did not have

adequate skills development; therefore, their esteem needs are not fulfilled. However, they had a

good relationship with co-workers and were well accepted in the community and were treated with

kindness by their employers, their love and belonging needs are fulfilled. As for democracy in the

organisation; because work responsibility was fixated and straight forward, migrant workers did

not have the opportunities to reject work that is not bounded by their duties. The migrant workers

were satisfied with their tasks. They were entitled for holidays and assigned resting period in

between the day. They were allowed day-off and taken appropriate leaves. They had no issue

managing a work-life balance lifestyle. They could spend time with family and friends outside work

and most of the time not limited by their duties at work. In terms of work that is beneficial to the

society, it was found migrant workers happily took part in giving back to their community and their

environment. All these factors enabled migrant workers in Sri-khema market to feel they have high


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quality of work life. In terms of personal factors, the result discovered;

1) Migrant workers with different gender do not have significant difference in work life quality and

accepts the null hypothesis. This is because both genders were able to equally access services

necessary for good work life quality. The discovery coincides with the result found by Tatsanee

Charttai (2017) on the quality of work life of Dhurakij Pundit University’s personnel in which both

genders also did not contribute to significant difference in work life quality.

2) Migrant workers with different age have significant difference in work life quality and

rejects the null hypothesis. This is because migrant workers age between 30-39 years old have

higher work life quality than those from other age ranges. Jamrat Unsriong (2014)’s work

discovered Myanmar migrant workers age between 21-30 years old displayed significant difference

in the work life quality.

3) Migrant workers with different marital status do not have significant difference in work

life quality and accepts the null hypothesis. This is because migrant workers, regardless of their

marital statuses, were able to equally access services necessary for a quality work life. The result

from this research also corresponds to Tatsanee Charttai (2017)’s work on the quality of work life

of Dhurakij Pundit University’s personnel in which both marital status did not contribute to

significant difference in work life quality.

4) Migrant workers with different education level do not have significant difference in work

life quality, therefore, the result accepts the null hypothesis. Part of the reason could be because the

nature of their work did not demand highly developed skills that come from school education. And

also because migrant workers, regardless of their education levels, were able to equally access

services necessary for a quality work life. The result from this research also corresponds to Srisuda

Mchamian (2010)’s study on the quality of work life of Nakornchaisri people, Nakornpathom, that

found people of different genders, educational level and marital status that had different types of

illness did not have significant difference in work life quality.

5) Migrant workers with different level of income do not have significant difference in work

life quality and the result accepts the null hypothesis. This is because migrant workers with

different level of income were still able to respond to their personal needs and satisfaction. They

were content at work. The result coincide with Tatsanee Charttai (2017)’s work on the quality of

work life of Dhurakij Pundit University’s personnel in which income did not contribute to


6) Migrant workers with different nationality have significant difference in work life

quality and it rejects the null hypothesis. Part of the reason may come from the fact that

Cambodian migrant workers had higher work life quality than other nationalities, therefore, they

feel they have high quality work life. The result supports Teeraphong Phuripanig (2003)’s work on

the Quality of Life of Lawful Migrant Workers in Chonburi which found different nationalities may

have different abilities in adapting to the new environment, therefore, the factor contributed to


7) Migrant workers with different employment length have significant difference in the

quality of work life and accepts the null hypothesis. This is because migrant workers who were

employed more than ten years have significantly higher work life quality than migrant workers in

other employment period. Migrant workers with employment of more than ten years feel they have

high work life quality which coincides with Teeraphong Phuripanig (2003)’s study work on the

Quality of Life of Lawful Migrant Workers in Chonburi that found different employment length

contributed to significant difference in work life quality. The author speculated that migrant

workers with longer employment period were able to come to terms with issues and obstacles they

faced, they subsequently had less stress, and have higher satisfaction toward their work life quality.

Recommendations

1. The government should formulate appropriate income policy that corresponds to economy today.

They should adjust pay wages of similar organisations type and size to have similar wages. In terms

of democracy in organisation, they should arrange trainings and meetings for migrant workers in

the organisation in order to find out existing issues, provide solutions, and improve work efficiency.

2. There should be comparative study with other organisation of the same type and size to find out

whether the results on migrant workers’ work life quality of these organisations complement each

other.

REFERENCES

Charttai. T. (2017). Quality of working life of personnel at Dhurakij Pundit University.


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Dhurakij Pundit University.

Foreign workers administration office. (2015, October 6). News Office of Foreign Workers

Administration on Registration of Foreign Workers of Myanmar, Laos and Cambodians. 2019,

March 20, Retrieved from http://wp.doe.go.th/wp/images/pr/pr061058.pdf

Foreign workers administration office. (2016, March 30). Employer's Guide to Register

Foreign Workers. 2019, March 20, Retrieved from http://wp.doe.go.th/wp/images/pr/pr5902.pdf

International Labour Organization (ILO). (2012). Thailand: New Ministerial Regulations

to better protect the rights of domestic workers. 2019, March 20, Retrieved from

https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---sro-

bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_125651.pdf

Limkanchanawat. A. (2015). The Employment of Migrant Workers in Suratthani.

Journal of Management Science, Suratthani Rajabhat University,2,93.

Mechamran. S. (2010). Quality of life of the people in Nakhonchaisri district, Nakhon

Pathom province. Silpakorn Journal of Research Sciences, 1(2), 269-281.

Noiwong. P. (1998). Quality of working life of industrial workers Electronics: A case

Study of MiniBae Thai Company Limited. Kasetsart University, Bangkok.

Phuripanig. T. (2003). Quality of working life of foreign labors with work permit: A case

Study in Chonburi province. Burapha University. Chonburi (Thailand). Graduate School.

Prachathai. (2007, October 19). Overview of migrant workers in Thailand. 2019, March 20,

Retrieved from https://prachatai.com/journal/2007/10/14573.

Santiong. T. (1994). Organization behavior. (383–385). Bangkok: Watana Panit Thai

Printing House.

Thongsamsi. W. (2016). Quality of Life among Immigrant Workers in Amphoe Kantang,

Changwat Trang. Bachelor Thesis, Public Health (Community Health), Sirindhorn College of

Public Health, Trang Province.

Ungsriwong. J. (2004). Quality of work life of the Burmese migrant workers in Samut

Sakhon province. Journal of Human Society Review Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, 16(1), 85-99.

Walton, R.E. (1973). Quality of life: What is it? Slone Management Review 15th

(September): 12–18.

Yamane, T. (1970). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis (2nd ed.). Tokyo: John Weather

hill, Inc.

Thatdao Kraiya

ERCICSSH1924116

Expectations towards the Welfare of Non-commissioned Police Officers: A Case Study of Nanglerng

Police Station

Thatdao Kraiya


University, Bangkok

Khanthong Jaidee



Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study: 1) the welfare satisfaction; 2) the welfare expectations

and; 3) the level of needs for welfare of the non-commissioned police officers working in Nanglerng

police station. The research is Quantitative Research. The samples were 131 non-commissioned

police officers in Nanglerng Police Station. The instruments used in this research were

questionnaire. The statistics used in the analysis are percentage, mean, and necessary needs are

priortised using Modified Priority Needs Index (〖PNI〗_Modified) method.

The results showed that satisfaction towards the welfare of non-commissioned police officers in

Nanglearng Police Station on the overall was at a low level with an average 2.226. When considering

each aspect, it was found that the highest aspect is “health care” followed by “economy” and it was

found that the lowest aspect is “education”. Moreover, the results shown the expectations towards

the welfare of non-commissioned police officers in Nanglerng police station on the overall, was at

the highest level with an average of 4.602. When considered by aspect, it was found that the highest

aspect is “education” followed by “security” and the lowest aspect is “health care”. And the need


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for welfare of non-commissioned police officers in Nanglerng police station on the overall in ranked

by aspects, in order of importance, are “education”, “security”, “recreation”, “economy” and

“health care.”

Keywords: Expectation, Welfare, Non-commissioned police, Nanglerng Police Station

Introduction

Income distribution is an issue found in almost every country, both in terms of economic and social

aspect. Issue of inequality of income and poverty can be solved using various solutions. In Thailand,

the solution is proposed in terms of welfare reform. There are four aspects to the reform; 1.)

welfare services such as education, health, work and income, and sports; 2.) social security in forms

of National Savings Fund and pensioning; 3.) social assistance such as child assistance and disability

assistance, living assistance, and work and income assistance; 4.) social promotion such as

community welfare, community strengthening, civil society empowerment program, and

establishment of social enterprise. (National Reform Steering Assembly , 2015) Nonetheless, welfare

reform have not been successful because of its inadequacy. Despite other improvements, but the

image of police officers, in particularly the non-commissioned officers, have not been better. They

have insufficient funding because of the low income, which also lead to corruption in order to

provide for their families. Retrospectively, if welfare reform was successful, it would assist the non-

commissioned officers and helped increase their work efficiency.

Non-commissioned officers are crucial manpower to the Royal Thai Police. They work closely with

the community, therefore, Royal Thai Police’s work accomplishment is dependable on non-

commissioned officers’ competency. (Sunisa Thattiyapong, 2010) Non-commissioned officers

welfare is immensely important because most of the officers have low income which is hardly

enough to cover their basic expenses. Welfare system can contribute to a better life quality and

increase work performance. Although welfare is provided but it is still not sufficient and not

responding to their needs. The study shown many of the non-commissioned officers are in debt

because of the higher live costs. Their income only covers 75 percent of the expenses. Overall,

officers in the positions of Police Lance Corporal to Police Senior Sergeant Major repay their debt

at approximately 4,269.81 Baht every month. (Pondsapat Pongrean, 2003 : 182-184)

Nanglerng police station is under the restriction of Metropolitan Police Division. They have the

duty to provide security, to protect and serve the people living in Bangkok region. Additionally,

because the station is situated near many royal palaces such as Suankularb Palace, Chitralada

Palace, Paruksakawun Palace, Pitsanulok House, and the United Nations, they must also provide

security to the royal family, assist and provide convenience to royal members for their travels. The

station currently encountered shortage of labour as shown:

Table 1: manpower rate of non-commissioned police officer at Nanglerng police station

Order Position Positions

available All

Available

for work

Gone to

help

Came

to help

Actual number

of police

working

1 Administrative

work 9 3 6 2 - 1

2 Prevention and

suppression work 157 91 66 17 5 79

3 Traffic duty 60 45 15 2 - 43

4 Investigation

section 10 6 4 - 1 7

5 Inquiry section 9 - 9 - 1 1

Total 245 145 100 21 7 131

Source: Registration and Personel Division, Nanglerng Police Station (4th February 2019)

The table shows there are 245 positions available in the station but only 131 police officers are at

work. This means there is high shortage of manpower at Nanglerng police station. Due to the

increase in assignments and workload, it is important that the welfare arrangement for Nanglerng

police station police officers is sorted out as soon as possible. This is to organise appropriate welfare

for the officers and increase motivation at work, to subsequently meeting the goals of the Royal

Thai Police. The researcher, therefore, wishes to study Expectations towards the Welfare of Non-

commissioned Police Officers: A Case Study of Nanglerng Police Station in order to find out

necessary satisfaction factors and expectations they have on their welfare, in which it would

ultimately lead to improvement of solutions that better respond to the true needs of those non-

commissioned officers.


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Research objectives

1) To study the welfare satisfaction of the non-commissioned police officers working in Nanglerng

police station

2) To study welfare expectations of the non-commissioned police officers working in Nanglerng

police station

3) To study the actual needs for welfare of the non-commissioned police officers working in

Nanglerng police station

Literature review

1. Concept and theory about welfare

1.1 Definition

Sonsiri (2010) gave a definition to welfare as ‘employee services and benefit program’.

Welfare refers to services or activities a unit or an organisation allocates for employees within the

organisation for them to receive convenience, stability, and other benefits aside from monthly salary

or regular payment in order to generate motivation at work. So that employees can work efficiently

and with satisfaction when they have no personal uneasiness to deal with.

1.2 The concept of welfare

Pigors & Myers (1981) characterised welfare into 6 distinct aspects:

1. Economic aspect: include imbursements for employee’s family such as low rate mortgage

loan, rent loan, hospital loan, free uniforms, an establishment of credit union, transportation

provision and hire purchase or other forms of leasing.

2. Education aspect: namely education loan, education scholarship for inside and outside the

country, and an establishment of academic library.

3. Social aspect: include provision of general advices, receive complaints, assist with legal

helps and other form of services such cafeteria, restroom, and workplace in general.

4. Recreation aspect: for instance, the provision of sports club, sports activities, recreation

activities, and provision of rest areas.

5. Stability aspect: such as pension, compensation, insurance and aid funds.

6. Health care aspect: provision of regular health checks, medical and nursing unit, hospital

admission, and compensation during sick leaves.

Research framework

From the study of concepts, theories, documents, and relevant research, the researcher has built a

research framework and assign dependent variables based upon Pigors and Myers types of welfare

as follow;


The research is a quantitative research. It used questionnaire surveys as tools for data collection.

Population sample

1. Population

The population of this research are 131 non-commissioned officers from Nanglearng police station.

2. Sample

The research sample are non-commissioned officers from Nanglerng police station; Police Lance

Corporal, Police Corporal, Police Sergeant, Police Sergeant major, and Police Senior Sergeant

Major.

Data collection tool

Questionnaire is used as data collection tool. It is built based up the studies of related

research, documents, and theories. The list of questions is altered to suit the environment and

context of those who are questioned.

Part 1 is comprised of questions constructed based upon independent variables which are

age, education level, length of employment, official rank, responsibility line, monthly salary, and

marital status.

Part 2 is a set of questionnaires about satisfaction and expectation towards non-

commissioned police officer’s welfare at Nanglerng police station in terms of economic, health care,

recreation, stability and education welfare.

Part 3 is consisted of suggestions using open-ended question. Participants can offer their

opinions about satisfaction and expectation towards the welfare as well as possibly suggesting new

solutions to the problems.

Data collection method

Data collection method is as follow:


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1. The researcher wrote an official letter asking for participant cooperation from the

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University to Nanglerng

police station.

2. The researcher requested for a coordination from the general administration and

personnel division, and personally collected the data. Data collection started from the 19th to the

22nd of February 2019. The total number of questionnaires were 131 set, accumulating to 100

percent respond rate.

Statistical analysis

The statistics used were:

1. Descriptive statistic was used to find independent variable and general information of

participants. Descriptive statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

Such method was completed for the purpose of finding satisfaction and expectation towards

welfare.

2. Modified Priority Needs Index 〖(PNI〗_Modified) was used to conduct ‘need assessment’

for present state as well as future expectation of the non-commissioned police officer at Nanglerng

police station in order to prioritise and classify those needs by order from most to least.

Findings

1. From personal information, it was found that the majority of key informants are over 41 years

old (45 officers) which accumulated to 34.4 percent. The majority of them or 73 officers also hold at

least a bachelor degree qualification (55.7 percent). Thirty-six of them (27.5 percent) have been

employed for at least 3 to 7 years. Fifty-six officers (42.7 percent) are Police Senior Sergeant Major.

More than half are working in prevention and suppression work line

(60.3 percent) and 61 officers (46.6 percent) have at least 20,001 Baht income per month.

Additionally, 65 (49.6 percent) officers are married and living with their spouse.

2. The satisfaction towards welfare of non-commissioned police officers at Nanglerng police station

on the overall is on a low level ( =2.226). When considered by aspect, the highest aspect is healthy

care ( =2.358), follow by economy ( =2.329), recreation and stability

( =2.172), and education ( =2.09) consecutively.

Table 2: satisfaction level towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers at Nanglerng

police station.

Satisfaction towards the welfare of

non-commissioned police officer

Satisfaction level Order

Mean S.D. Results

1. Economy 2.329 .739 low 2

2. Health care 2.358 .872 low 1

3. Recreation 2.172 .974 low 3

4. Security 2.172 974 low 3

5. Education 2.099 .839 low 5

Total 2.226 .839 low

3. The level of expectation towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers at

Nanglerng police station on the overall is relatively high ( X = 4.602) . By aspect, the highest is

‘education’ ( X = 4.631) , follow by ‘stability’ ( X = 4.617) , economy ( X = 4.596) , ‘recreation’

( X =4.595), and ‘health care’ ( X =4.572). The data is shown on the following table:

Table 3: expectation level towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers at


Expectations towards the welfare of

non-commissioned police officer

Expectations level Oder

Mean S.D. Results

1. Economy 4.596 .731 highest 3

2. Health care 4.572 .697 highest 5

3. Recreation 4.595 .690 highest 4

4. Security 4.617 .658 highest 2

5. Education 4.631 .680 highest 1

Totel 4.602 .654 highest


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4. The need assessment revealed that the overall PNI is at 1.081. When considered by aspect, the

highest need is education (PNI=1.206), follow by stability (PNI=1.125), recreation (PNI=1.115),

economy (PNI=0.973), and health care (PNI=0.938) as shown on the table as follow:

Table 4: need assessment level towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers at


Need assessment

Present state Future

expectation PNI Oder

X . .S D Results X . .S D Results 1. Economy 2.329 .739 low 4.596 .731 highest 0.973 4

2. Health care 2.358 .872 low 4.572 .697 highest 0.938 5

3. Recreation 2.172 .974 low 4.595 .690 highest 1.115 3

4. Security 2.172 .974 low 4.617 .658 highest 1.125 2

5. Education 2.099 .967 low 4.631 .680 highest 1.206 1

Totel 2.226 .839 low 4.602 .654 highest 1.071

note : 1. Need Assessment identified the result from most to least using Modified Priority Needs

Index

(PNI modified) to organise order of needs :

𝐍𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭(𝐏𝐍𝐈) =𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐈) − 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞 (𝐃)

𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞 (𝐃)

2. The present state and future expectation of non-commissioned police officer’s welfare allocated

by mean and standard deviation:

1.00-1.49 lowest present state/ lowest future expectation

1.50-2.49 moderately low present state/ moderately low future expectation

2.50-3.49 moderate present state/ moderate future expectation

3.50-4.49 moderately high present state/ moderately high future expectation

4.50-5.00 highest present state/ highest future expectation

3. The order of PNI is placed consecutively from most to least.

Result discussion

The research reveals:

1. Satisfaction towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers working at Nanglerng police

station on the overall is at a low level ( =2.226). The results found by aspect are also on a low level.

This could be because of an imbalance between inadequate salary comparatively to the level of skills

and responsibilities assigned to the officers. Moreover, welfare is a crucial factor to create

motivation and satisfaction at work. Other benefits aside from routine income and salary can

provide assurance for work motivation, feel positively and strongly towards their duty, and for

officers to work efficiently. However, because the country’s budget allocation is limited and not

sufficient to support every unit. Correspondingly, Frederick Herzberg (1995) stressed that work

efficiency come from job satisfaction and that positive motivation factors will induce job

achievement, advancement, responsibility, and recognition. The theory coincides with Sujit

Butdaoweang’s (2009) study on The Welfare of Non-commissioned Traffic Police Officers in Muang

Khon Kaen Police Station, Muang District, Khon Kean Province which also found the overall

satisfaction level towards the welfare is at low level.

2. The expectation towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officer from Nanglerng police

station is at the highest ( =4.602) and it is also at its highest when reflected aspect by aspect. This is

a result of inadequate income and high expenses. Police officers are not satisfied with the level of

their income, disbursement delay, insufficient accommodation, insufficient work facilities, and

insufficient budget for recreational support, therefore, additional welfare is needed. The result

supports Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory which stated human have 5 levels of needs which can

be fulfilled; physiological needs, security or safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs,

and self-actualisation needs. His theory can be used to create work motivation and job stability

(Praitoon Pitaktram, 1998). The theory coincides with Achira Malangan’s (2009) study on The

People’s Expectation towards Hangchat’s Chief Executive of Subdistrict Administrative

Organisation, Lumpang found that the expectation of the people towards the Chief Executive of

SAO is at the highest.


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3. The need assessment of expectation towards welfare of the non-commissioned police officers at

Nanglerng station found every aspect are attributed as participants’ needs. Despite such needs and

expectation, the government failed to arrange adequate welfare support for their employees. In the

order of importance, from the most needed to the least, the result is put as follow; education aspect,

stability aspect, recreation aspect, economy aspect, and health care aspect respectively.

Education is ranked as most needed by the non-commissioned police officers as they feel

the need to study foreign languages, have access to libraries, and access to trainings for future

promotion such as preparation for commissioned officers exam, which corresponds to Pigors and

Myers’s (1956: 631-369) theory on education welfare which stated that government officials should

be granted oppurtunities for education and training within and outside the country. Their

children’s education should be supported and educational facilities must be provided in order for

them to develop personal advancement. Relatively, Songsiri Wichiranon and Arunee Arunreung’s

(2016) study on An Evaluation of Need Assessment in Organising Suitable Facilities Appropriate

for Learning Development of Rajamongkol Pranakorn University Students found the most

important factor to learning development in terms of facilities are sufficient learning facilities and

content as well as educational service system.

Recommendation for future research

1. Qualitative study should be conducted in order to gain in-depth information on the

matter. Additional information can assist in future organisation development.

2. Satisfaction and expectation study must be conducted in various organisations in order to

exchange advantages and disadvantages for future welfare policy development as a whole.

3. There should be a comparative study on the satisfaction and expectation of welfare.

Reference

Butdaoweang, S. (2009). The Welfare of Non-commissioned Traffic Police Officers In Muang

Khon Kaen Police Station, Muang District, Khon Kean Province.

Thesis in Politics and Government College, Mahamakut Buddhist University. (in Thai)

Herzberg, F. (1995). The Motivation to Work. New York: john Wiley and Sons Inc.

Malangan, A. (2009). The People’s Expectation towards Hangchat’s Chief Executive of Subdistrict

Administrative Organisation, Lumpang. Thesis in Politics and Government College, Mahamakut

Buddhist University. (in Thai)

Maslow, A.H. (1997). Motivation and personality. (2^nd ed.). New York: Haper & Row

Nanglerng Police Station. Registration and Personel Divistion, (4th February 2019)

National Reform Steering Assembly (2015). Pigors, P. and C.A. Myers. (1956). Presonnel

Administration: A Point of View and Method. 3 rd ed. New York : McGraw-Hill Book Compan

Pongcharean, P. (2003). Think again, do it again: The Thaksin police. Bangkok: Bangkok, 2003.

Pitaktram, P. (1998). Policeman's problems security requirement: Case Study non-

commissioned police officer and private policeman in Division 7 Metropolitan Police Bureau. A

minor thesis submitted in Partial Fulfillment, Faculty of Social Administration, Thammasat

University. (in Thai)

Sonsiri, P. (2010). Attaching volues to welfare of workers of Thai City Electric Co.Ltd. Master of

Labor and welfare Development Thesis, Thammasat University. (in Thai)

Thattiyapong, S. (2010). Needs for non-commissioned police welfare officers: A case study of

Headquarters that direct the Office of the National Police. Master's thesis. Krirk University. (in

Thai)

Wichiranon, S. and Arunreung, A. (2019). An Evaluation of Need Assessment in Organising

Suitable Facilities Appropriate for Learning Development of Rajamangala University Techonology

Phra nakhon. Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Techonology Phra nakhon. (in

Thai)

Abu Bakar Siti Anis

Nadia

ERCICSSH1924117

Human Capital and Social Impact towards Social Business Perspectives

Siti Anis Nadia Abu Bakar

Faculty of Accountancy, University Technology Mara Melaka Branch, Malaysia

Dr Vani a/p Tanggamani

Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Afidah Sapari


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Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Abstract

The provision of various types of public services such as healthcare, social care, transport and waste

collection are crucial for effective functioning of any communities. To date, there is a growing

interest globally on social businesses (SBs) as innovation in providing these services. The emergence

of social business enterprises has in part has been attributed to the increased demand for

sustainability among the non-profit organisations (NPOs) due to diminishing funding from

traditional sources and increased competition for these scarce resources. The rise of SBs contributes

to the social wellbeing of communities and this in turn can be linked directly or indirectly to

economic development of the nation. This reflects that the sustainability level of the country is not

measured in terms of economics alone but also specifically towards the development of human

capital and solving the social problems. Indeed, having both economic and non-economic aims,

social business would be the potential solutions to address a range of societal issues and increase the

efficiency and quality of public sector services that focus on equitable growth with ecological

sustainability that is congruent with the social cause and the social community. In support of this

argument, it is important to explore the relationship between capability of social businesses and the

social impact created. This paper explores the literature focusing on capability based on human

capital and social impact or value created through social businesses. This is expected to provide

some insights on the sustainability and credibility of social businesses to support the government

efforts in moving towards high nation income.

Keywords: Social Enterprise, Third Sector, Human Capital

Aashriti Gautam

ERCICSSH1924118

Nuclear Strategy and Foreign Policy

A Case Study of Russian Nuclear Strategy and its influence on Foreign Policy , 1993-2018

Aashriti Gautam

Research Scholar Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Bipul Biplav Mukherjee

Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi, India

Abstract

While the cold war is long past, the importance of nuclear weapons for Russia remain vital. Close

examination of Russian defence issues, both in their domestic and foreign policy context, suggest

that very strong objective and subjective forces are driving Russia towards enhanced reliance upon

nuclear weapons. This study is concentrating its efforts in two areas: 1) to trace the development of

Russian Nuclear Strategy and the reasons for Russia’s continuous reliance on nuclear

modernisation from a Realist perspective. Under the Realist school of thought, special focus is given

to the Defensive Realism of Kenneth Waltz and Offensive Realism of John Mearsheimer; 2) to

explain that Russian Nuclear Strategy has a direct bearing on its foreign policy relationship with

major powers such as U.S, India and Iran. It seeks to strike a parity with U.S while its nuclear

support to other countries is a part of its re-balancing strategy.

The time frame ( 1993-2018 ) of the study projects - on one hand, both quantitative and qualitative

improvement in the Russian nuclear arsenal and on the other hand, strengthen our understanding

of issues connected with Russia and its nuclear posture especially, Russo-American relations,

Russian foreign and defence policy , the arms control agenda and Russian nuclear cooperation viz a

viz India and Iran .

The research is inter - disciplinary in nature as the discourse is based and conceptualised in the

historical context with social insights to the contemporary development of events. It undertakes

both quantitative and qualitative method of social research that requires both theoretical and

empirical analysis. The importance of this study lies in understanding the typology of effects that

nuclear weapons have on the foreign policies of the states that acquire them. Such work would have

considerable policy relevance, because it would allow policymakers to make more precise

assessments of the foreign policy behaviours of states that possess nuclear weapons.

Keywords : Russian Nuclear Strategy , Defensive Realism , Offensive Realism , Foreign Policy


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Bipul Biplav

Mukherjee

ERCICSSH1924119

Political Economy of Russia : A study on Transition from Neo- Liberalism to State Capitalism ,

1992-2018

Bipul Biplav Mukherjee

Centre for Russian and Central Asian Studies, School of International Studies,Jawaharlal Nehru

University, (JNU), New Delhi, India

Aashriti Gautam

Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Abstract

After the disintegration of Soviet Union and the end of cold war by 1991, Neo-liberalism became the

dominant economic model in the Russia. The Neo-liberal reforms were aimed at ending the

Communist policies of Soviet economic planning and involved - slashing the inordinately high

budget deficit; privatising the state-owned means of production; and opening the economy via

foreign trade and capital account. From 1992-1998 , under Boris Yeltsin , a number of extravagant

and high sounding economic measures such as , “ shock therapy “ , “ loans for share programme”

and “ voucher privatisation “ were introduced to achieve the goal of liberalism . But the outcome of

these reforms was catastrophic for both the economy and the people, as it left the Russian economy

in the hands of a narrow circle of oligarchs. By 1998 ideas of free market and economic liberalism

in Russia became largely discredited and was termed as “years of crony capitalism” .With the

arrival of Putin, the economic policies moved from crony capitalism to state capitalism. Putin tried

to re-nationalise some of the resource based companies, the role of state increased in economic

sphere especially in resource and strategic sectors.

Against this background, the present research seeks to understand - 1) the nature of political

economy in the Soviet Union and how was it different from the West; 2) the political economy of

Russia post Soviet disintegration which involves two phases - (a) the phase of triumphant

neoliberalism and predatory capitalism under Boris Yeltsin and (b) the phase of economic recovery

and a reversal towards state capitalism under Putin.

The research is inter - disciplinary in nature and involves historical, comparative and contemporary

study of Russian Federation. It undertakes both quantitative and qualitative method of social

research that require both theoretical and empirical analysis of the subject. The importance of this

study lies in analysing State Capitalism as an alternative economic model to Neo-liberal world

order. It traces the transition from Neoliberalism to State capitalism in Russia over the past two

decades and its implications for the global capitalist economy.

Keywords: Neo-Liberalism , Shock-Therapy , Privatisation , State - Capitalism , Russia

Ganga Karunathilaka

ERCICSSH1924120

Talent Acquisition as a Strategic Tool of Business Performance

Prof. Ganga Karunathilaka

Faculty of Business, National School of Business Management (NSBM) Green University,

Homagama, Sri Lanka

Abstract

The business performance has been closely tied with the talent management strategies in the hyper-

competitive and increasingly complex global economy in order to attain growth and sustain. The

company which excelled in talent acquisition experienced which leads to leap up the business

performance. Regardless of the size and nature of the business, all the organizations face war for

talent. Hence, acquisition of right talent and making a talent pool can be the biggest challenge. This

study moves forward theory of talent acquisition strategies (TAS) through the practical implication

of private sector organizations in Sri Lanka. The talent acquisition strategies comprise with talent

mapping (TM), talent identification (TI), and talent onboarding (TO). The foremost intention of this

study is to scrutinize the association of talent acquisition strategies on business performance. The

questionnaire survey was conducted for 220 HR professionals in the private sector companies in Sri

Lanka. In order to analyze data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to test for its normality,

and spearman correlation test was used for measuring the relationship between variables and chi-

square analysis was applied for determining the association of variables. The results indicate that

talent acquisition strategies are not associated with business performance in private sector


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companies in Sri Lanka. Internal alignment between talent management strategies and Business

Strategy are suggested for future research as crucial to trump business performance.

Keywords: Talent Management, Talent acquisition, Business performance

Abeer Shahbari-

Kassem

ERCICSSH1924062

The impact of diglossia on the development of morphological awareness in Arabic: A comparison

between mid-high SES and low SES

Shahbari-Kassem Abeer

The Arab Academic College of Education, Elinor Saiegh-Haddad Bar-Ilan University, Haifa,

Nazareth, Israel

The Arab Academic College of Education , Rachel-Schiff Bar-Ilan University, Haifa,

Nazareth, Israel

Abstract

Arabic speakers grow up within a diglossic condition; the existence of Spoken Arabic (SpA)

alongside Standard Arabic (StA), with a remarkable linguistic distance between them across all

language domains (Saiegh-Haddad & Henkin-Roitfarb, 2014).

The study tested the impact of the morphological distance between Spoken Arabic (SpA) and

Standard Arabic (StA) on morphological awareness (analogies and sentence completion for

inflection and derivation) in Arabic-speaking school graders from low versus mid-high Socio-

Economic Status (SES). two hundred students in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th grade (N=40 per

grade) participated in the study. Eight morphological awareness tasks were administered: four of

them employed SpA words and four employed StA words; two tasks within each set (analogy,

sentence completion) tested inflection and derivation awareness.

Repeated measure ANOVA showed that morphological awareness, analogies and sentence

completion for inflection and derivation, was higher in SpA than in StA, and it was higher in mid-

high SES than in low SES; the participants from the low SES were unable to close gap between StA

and SpA for the two analogy tasks, both by inflection and derivation. The mid-high participants,

however, succeeded to close the gap between the StA and SpA by the 8th grade for the two analogy

tasks, both for inflection and derivation. Furthermore, the findings show that children from both

SES groups were not able to close the gap between StA and SpA for the two sentence completion

tasks (inflection and derivation), yet the intensity of the gap was larger in the low SES than in the

mid-high SES.

These underscore the long-lasting impact of diglossia on the development of standard

morphological awareness, while its impact is larger among low SES as opposed to mid-high SES.

Keywords: Diglossia, Morphological Distance, SES, Analogy Awareness, Sentence Completion

Awareness

Jailakshmi Kaul

ERCICSSH1924070

Opium in the social life of China during 15th to 19th Century

Dr. Jailakshmi Kàul

Asst. Professor in Department of History, FSS, BHU, Varanasi, India

Abstract

There have been umpteen number of studies on history of China both its pre and post modern

phases, with Opium as being a major theme of many amongst such well researched publications.

But an integral aspect of this subject (for example questions such as those related with (a)the

generation of the demand for the opium in Chinese society;(b) the participants in the emerging

culture of opium smoking in the country- where at one time recreational smoking of opium was as

foreign as opium itself;(c) causes of the rapid growth of Opium consumption in such a conservative

society by next few decades etc.)has not been addressed so far in the books of history- normally

available for reading. In a way therefore this paper is focussed on placing Opium in its social and

cultural context more than the political aspect such as the opium trade, imperialism , the wars that

followed in its waķe and such other details – which as part of political history are relatively better

known to the laity or to the scholarly world. Keeping in mind the popularity of the opium, after

people of China knew about its recreational value, it seems important to understand the point at

which opium in China was transformed from a medicine into a luxury item consequently pushing

the society to a desperate state and forcing the empire itself to take a position against its use. But

was this successful? Briefly this paper would reveal how this commodity has dehumanised


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/rehumanised the Chinese duringthe most critical phase of their history when confronted with

western imperialism with package of new values.

Keywords : Opium, Medicinal, Hobbyists, Recreational, Smoking Mediums, Luxury

Aruna Sinha

ERCICSSH1924072

Revisiting our Development Strategies

Aruna Sinha

History, Faculty of Social Science BHU, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi, India

Abstract

The words Development, Growth, Material Happiness, Technological innovation, and so on - have

become sine qua non of the present day world order. Since we all are living in a set up - charged

with the energy of 'globalisation' - that is to say a globalised world, in which (unspokenly ofcourse)

it is more or less a blasphemy to talk about 'our national values', 'our cultural values', 'our past',

'our heritage', 'our national heroes', 'our national pride', and some other expressions of the same

genre, it seems important to understand - nay dispassionately evaluate - the prevailing patterns of

growth and development at forums such as the one you have provided us; and to sensitise ourselves

to the evils inherent in such a Development Model - and alternatively also to try evolving a stretegy

for a better quality of life for the globally situated humanity.

Keywords : Growth, Development Strategy, Value Free Social Research, Blasphemy, Happiness,

Material Prosperity, Environmental Impact

Sulaiman Ahmed

ERCICSSH1924077

Comparing the Philosophical and Theological Thought of al-Maturidi with Contemporary and

Classical Philosophers - Free Will in the Thought of al-Maturidi

Sulaiman Ahmed

Faculty of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Wales Trinity Saint David,

Lampeterwales, United Kingdom

Shaykh Abu Mansoor al-Maturidi is an Islamic philosopher and theologian, who is responsible for

establishing one of the two main Sunni theological schools. Despite holding such a significant role in

Islamic theological and philosophical thought, there hasn’t been much analysis on the ideas of al-

Maturidi, despite the fact that he established his own school more than a thousand years ago. I will

be presenting the sixth chapter of my PHD research. The sixth chapter will explore the well-known

positon of Free will. The thesis will present a unique perceptive on free will, because according to

most experts of Islam, Muslims believe in people having free choice, but in reality this is far from

being accurate, with the standard positon of Islam being that everything has been pre-determined.

This thesis will explore this in detail and present the various positions on free will, which includes

the Ashari, Mutazalite and Athari position on free will.

Subhat Dagga

ERCICSSH1924082

Tourism, Cultural Exchange, Hospitality and Social Development in the Post-Modern Era:

Contemporary Issues, Technology Use and Analysis

Subhat Dagga

Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences,

Sehore (M.P.), India

Abstract

Tourism has been central to the existence of human beings today. Social development requires life

style in a balanced manner. Tourism is cultural in nature hence different societies have different

concepts and types of leisure. In this manner hospitality and tourism has been operational to every

society. Leisure and its inventive operation have been critical to social development. The

economists would emphasize upon raising of per capita income and better distribution system.

Sociologists have been emphasizing of the fact that culture has been supreme for the overall

development of human beings, which has an overall influence on the economic activities of the

individual.

Paulyne Joanne

Pascual

ERCICSSH1924091

Human Rights Education Practices of Public Secondary Schools in Division City Schools of Manila

Paulyne Joanne Pascual

Humanities and Social Science, Faculty, Department of Education, Senior High School, Manila,


ISSN 2454-5899



Philippines

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the human rights education practices of teachers and students

among public secondary schools in Division City Schools of Manila in terms of curriculum, learning

environment and students’ participation. After assessing this, a proposed sustainability plan was

formulated.

This study used cluster sampling in the selection of schools participants, purposive sampling for

teachers and random sampling technique for students as respondents in gathering data and

information needed for the study and collecting data among public secondary schools in Division

City Schools in Manila.

This study found out that students and teachers often practiced human rights education in terms of

curriculum, learning environment and students’ participation. It is evidently manifested in their

answers in the interview.

Through T-test of independent means, it was revealed that there is a significant difference on the

assessment of the teachers and students in human rights education practices because the assessment

showed that there are specific sub-indicators in curriculum, learning environment and students’

participation that teachers and students have different levels of interpretation.

Furthermore, it was revealed that the school must to sustain their practices in Human Rights

Education. A proposed sustainability plan was formulated based from the findings of the study.

Based from foregoing findings, the following were hereby recommended: (1) The Division City

Schools of Manila must adopt the sustainability plan in order to empower teachers and students

through the suggested actions and activities in the plan. (2) The Department of Education shall hold

benchmarking activities with other countries that have better human rights education practices so

that they will acquire significant insights on how to sustain the existing good practices and improve

those that need essential improvement in the schools in the country and (3) Future studies similar to

the present study should be conducted with larger respondents in other divisions and regions to

validate its findings and results.

Alexandru Maxim

ERCICSSH1924121

The Value of Quick Loans, Healthcare, Jobs and the Environment's Applications of Choice

Modelling In the Valuation of Services

Alexandru Maxim

Department of Management, Marketing and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza

Univeristy of Iași, Romania

Teodora Roman



Abstract

Throughout history, prices have been the deciding factor in the purchase of a product or service in

most economic systems. Willingness to pay is a strong indirectly self-reported indicator of the

monetary value or the price up to which a customer would decide do make a purchase. The current

paper seeks to identify research areas in which valuation studies could benefit companies,

customers and regulators to identify fair values for intangible services. The topics covered are

healthcare services, loans, declared work and ecosystem services. We propose methodologies that

could answer the question “what is this service worth to your customers?” by implementing choice

modelling techniques, such as discrete choice experiments. The state of the art research in the field

is assessed and the potential academic added value of the proposed approach are outlined.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research and

Innovation, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.1-PD-2016-1864, within PNCDI III.

Keywords: Willingness To Pay, Valuation Study, Choice Modelling, Healthcare, Ecosystem

Services, Lending Services

Teodora Roman

ERCICSSH1924122

Reverse Logistics in the Eyes of the Consumers Competitive Advantage and Market Positioning

Teodora Roman



ISSN 2454-5899




Adriana Manolică



Maria Madela Abrudan

Department of Management-Marketing, University of Oradea, Romania

Alexandru Maxim



Abstract

In a society that seems to be increasingly aware of environmental and social issues, focused on

sustainable economic development, some companies have decided to integrate reverse logistics

within their supply chain in order to limit their environmental impact. The current study looks at

such cases in order to identify whether perceived differences exist in the positioning of these

companies compared to those that have maintained the status quo (i.e. no explicit focus on

recovering used products). The scope of the research covers the household appliances sector and

assesses the opinions of 25 to 44 year old consumers in Romania. Aspects that have been analyzed

include: spontaneous notoriety of retailers that recycle used products, the impact of sales

promotions including buy-back schemes, the impact of specialized recycling stores on buying

decisions and level of preference for ‘sustainable’ retailers within the purchase intention. Our

results show that consumers prefer companies that support the recycling of old appliances. Thus,

incorporating sustainable business practices through reverse logistics can be a competitive

advantage for retailers. Further studies based on choice modelling can be used to identify the ‘green

premium’ that consumers are willing to pay to insure that their discarded appliances are recycled

and disposed of properly. Acknowledgement: This work was partially supported by a grant of the

Ministry of Research and Innovation, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.1-PD-2016-

1864, within PNCDI III.

Keywords: Reverse Logistics, Competitive Advantage, Market Positioning, Sustainability,

Consumer Behavior

Anju Unny

YRSICSSH1924051

Disability and Marginalisation: Politics and Public Policy Making in India

Anju Unny

PhD Student, St. Xavier’s College foe Women, Aluva M.G University, Kerala, India, University of

Delhi, India

Abstract

Disability is not an impairment that needs to be cured but the construct of specific socio-cultural

settings that creates an atmosphere of social exclusion and marginalisation. The World Health

Organisation (WHO, 1980) states that “disability is not just a health problem; but it is a complex

phenomenon reflecting the interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the

society in which she or he lives.” Disability is a socially, culturally and politically constructed and

experienced universal phenomenon. Disabled people even today remain as helpless subjects who are

dependent on able-bodied people for their survival and existence. Disabled people remain as

subaltern people at the periphery of the lives of the normal people.

Scott Baum

Labour Market Underutilisation for Older Australians

Scott Baum

Policy Innovation Hub, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia

Abstract

In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, although the Australian economy remained largely

buoyant in aggregate terms, outcomes across different groups were not evenly shared. In labor

market terms, different demographic groups appeared to more or less impacted by the post-GFC


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ERCICSSH1924123 economic environment. One such group were older workers, who witnessed a change in

employment fortunes compared to others in the labor force. This paper provides an investigation of

these uneven labor market outcomes and presents an analysis of labor underutilization using pooled

panel data, taking account of both individual level supply-side factors together with the strength of

the local labor market (demand-side). The result is an analysis that accounts for the impact of

changing macroeconomy, local labor market conditions and the employability assets of older

individuals.

Desi Karmila

ERCICSSH1924124

Influence Factors on Employee Engagement

(Empirical Study on Front Liners Pt Bank Bni.Tbk)

Desi Karmila

Bank BNI, Indonesia



Indonesia

Abstract

One of problems in banking industry in Indonesia is how to build the employee engagement to make

employee engaged to company and perform greatly to deliver service to customers. Therefore, the

objective of this research is to analyze the influence factors included service orientation, perceived

learning and employee loyalty on employee engagement front liners PT.Bank BNI, Tbk.

Methodology uses in this research is hypothesis testing that use 200 primary data collected by

questionnaire to front liners in Bank BNI Tbk South Jakarta Region, Indonesia. Analysis method in

this research uses multiple regression with SPSS version 16. The research found that there is a

significant influence between service orientation and employee engagement and also there is a

significant influence between perceived learning and employee engagement, on the other hand there

isn’t any significant influence between employee loyalty and employee engagement.

Managerial implication: To develop more improvement for front liners service orientation through

team leaders; To create better approach to front liners in order to build the better emotional

relationship; and To improve front liners learning and awareness to work in social way and

professional to consumers.

Keywords: Service Orientation, Perceived Learning, Employee Loyalty, Employee Engagement

Ruifan Ji

ERCICSSH1924125

The Effect of Family Composition in Chinese Migrant Social Integration

Ruifan Ji

Student Department, High School Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Abstract

Subjective sense of belonging to the community is an important indicator of well-being for flowing

population in China. The paper analyzed the effect of family composition on migrant family using

data from 2012 and 2017 Chinese Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey. With ordered logistic

regression, the paper discovered that the presence of kids corelate negatively with subjective

integration while spouse and parents correlate positively with it. Migrants with more income are

less affected by children, showing that children may be a financial burden to low-income families.

Keywords: Migrant, Social Integration, Income, Family Composition

Sanju Waladata

ERCICSSH1924127

The Gift: Mana concept in CSR Mining Corporate

Sanju Waladata

Department of Anthropology, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

Abstract

This paper argues for the existence of the mana concept behind the gift of mining corporate CSR

practices. During this age the idea of The Gift is always herded in a reciprocity debate over a gift. I

see the archaic concept that remains from this discourse in the modern economic era, which is the

concept of mana. The concept of mana as a non-material thing is behind giving a material from one

party to another party.


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The research data was collected through a case study on a mining company that practices the

concept of CSR in a community in one of the gold mining operation areas located in West Sumbawa

Regency, Indonesia. Data collection techniques through interviews and field observations of parties

related to the CSR program of the mining company.

The results of this study state the mana concept of the ancient societies exchange can be elevated to

the practice of The Gift in the modern economic era by diplomatically fix the debates of experts in

interpreting of mana from the classic ideas of The Gift. Without dismissing the existence of

reciprocity over the practice of The Gift corporate CSR, this idea is still based on a symmetrical

relationship between individuals and groups in a socio-cultural context. The findings of this concept

provide a new understanding to see the exchange practices of corporate CSR.

Keywords: Mana, CSR, Mining Corporate, The Gift, Reciprocity

Iqbal Saujan

ERCICSSH1924128

Misconceptions of Women's Rights in Islam and Its Refutations: A Conceptual Study Based on

Sources of Islamic Law

Iqbal Saujan

Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Arabic language, South Eastern

University of Sri Lanka- Oluvil

Abstract

The status of women in Islam is clear and very unambiguous. Concerns are often raised about the

status of women in Islamic law. Frequently, misunderstandings and misinterpretations about how

women are handled by Islam are used to encourage the notion that Islam is misogynistic in the

western world. Consequently, the objectives of this study to identify the misinterpretation,

misconceptions of woman's rights in Islamic and to provide appropriate refutations for the

misconceptions through the sources of Islamic Law and To provide awareness through this study to

the people who are misinterpreting women's rights in Islam. In This paper examining five common

misinterpretations of women's rights, such as polygamy in Islam, Testimony of Women, Women's

right of inheritance, divorce power with man and Travel without immediate male escort. This paper

explores to provide clarity, background, and explanation in these five areas. The data were obtained

from secondary sources such as books, magazines, journals, research articles, newspapers and

websites for this research, have been explained using a descriptive approach. The findings show

these misinterpretations and misconceptions are groundless argument on the perspective of Islamic

Law. Furthermore, this paper provides reason for the misconceptions is that misinterpretations of

Islamic scours and attritions.s

Keywords- Women's rights; Islam; Misconceptions; Sources of Islamic Law

MD Yeasir Yunus

ERCICSSH1924130

Reasons for The Gap Between Actual and Wanted Fertility Among the Urban Middle Class Women

In Bangladesh

Rakibul Islam Jisan

MSS, Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

MD Yeasir Yunus

MSS, Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Introduction: The total fertility rate in Bangladesh is gradually getting lower after the successful

family planning program from early 90’s. The education rate is also increased. The economic

condition of the people has also improved than the previous decades. Every year thirty percent

growth is happening because of the gap between actual and wanted fertility.

Objective: Main objective of this study is to discover the reason why the actual fertility is higher

than the wanted fertility among the middle-class people in our country. This study tries to find out

the reasons why this group of people are taking more children.

Method: This study was conducted following the qualitative research design and a total of 16 in-

depth interviews were conducted among two residential areas. The respondents were female and all

of them had more than two babies. The age limitation of the women was 25- 35. All of the

respondents were in middle class according to the wealth quintile. The respondents were educated

also. Findings: This study found that, most of the couples want to take only two children. But


ISSN 2454-5899



because of some factors they are taking more children. One of the main reasons is contraceptive

failure. Son preference is still a vital reason to take more children. Couples are also taking more

children because of daughter preference. In-laws are influencing them to take more children if they

have daughters only. Religious perception is the most visible hindrance for the use of various types

of birth controlling methods. Family planning programs is also falling down gradually.

Conclusion: This study will help out the policy makers and stakeholders to develop necessary

interventions to reduce the gap between actual and wanted fertility. This study would also create

the field to make the people aware about controlling fertility.

Marzia Fatema

ERCICSSH1924131

Extent of Social Support and Assessing Its Effects on Parents Regarding Rearing Autistic Children

In Selected Institutions In Dhaka City

Marzia Fatema

University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

The aim of this study is to find out the extent of social support and its effects on parents regarding

rearing an autistic child in Dhaka city. The two types of social support: informal and formal social

support influence the well-being of autistic children and their mothers. This is a quantitative study.

A structured questionnaire is used in study based on the modified Family Support Scale (FSS),

Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Social Support Index (SSI). 100 mothers from two special schools

have been interviewed in this study. Findings show that informal social support is more helpful with

a total mean score of 22.84 than the formal social support (14.67). Again the lack of social support

has clear implication on the mental health of mothers which creates mental stress among them.

Findings show that mothers have almost equal mental stress from both sources of social support.

The mean score of stress from informal support is 6.55 and 6.38 from informal support. Findings

show that number of autistic children is a significant predictive variable for mental stress among

mothers.

Tharindu Jayanath

Thotagamuwa

ERCICSSH1924132

Mutual Intelligibility between Romance Languages

Tharindu Jayanath Thotagamuwa

Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Romance languages are the modern languages which evolved from Vulgar Latin languages between

the third and eighth centuries. This comes under a subgroup of Italic languages within the Indo-

European language family. The five major and mostly spoken Romance languages all over the

world are Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian. The fundamental vocabularies of all

the Romance languages were inherited from Latin. Besides, some words shared in Romance

languages are not directly from the Latin inheritance but they are words which were borrowed

from the Celtic origin. The main intention of this research is discovering the similarities between the

Romance languages not only in the morphological, syntactic, semantic and phonetic base but also

the vocabulary variations in this language family. By the beginning of the 21st century, 920 million

people claimed a Romance language as their mother tongue and meanwhile 300 million people as a

second language. Romance methods of forming new words are also inherited from Latin origin. For

instance, the suffix “-āre” in Latin morphology which is a part of infinitives has made the influence

for languages such as French, Italian and Catalan in making verbs. For example, the word for “to

plant” in Latin is “plantāre” and similarly “planter” in French, “plantare” in Italian and “plantar”

in Catalan. In conclusion, the Romance languages, which were originated from the Latin, have

more intelligibilities even if they are considered as different languages of different regions at

present.

Keywords: Romance, Intelligibility, Latin, Italic Languages, Indo-European Indraneel Sahu

ERCICSSH1924133

Why Do Government Offices in India Fail to Perform: Evidence from Time and Motion Study of

Mhow Revenue Office

Indraneel Sahu

Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India


ISSN 2454-5899



Ashutosh Kumar

Anshul Gupta

Abstract

We investigate the performance of Mhow revenue office.The government offices in India are often

criticised for being slow.Through this study, we intend to identify whether this delay in work is

because of the excessive workload on government offices or because of the inefficiency of the

government officials.For this purpose, we have conducted the time and motion study of the revenue

office.During this study, we also found out various processes because of which the processes get

delayed in the office.The findings suggest that there is inefficiency among people working in

government offices.Also, many processes in the office are redundant and unnecessarily time taking.

Keywords:Inefficiency, redundant

LISTENERS

Laila Hannana

Semiotics,University Mohamed v Rabat Morocco,Guelmim, Morocco

ERCICSSH1924052

Ramesh S

Assistant professor, Department of Historical Studies, Sri Subramaniaya Swamy Government Arts

College, University of Madras, Tamilnadu, India

Muhammad Nur Fiqri Adham

Department of Statistic, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ERCICSSH1924078

Sevi Dian Fadhila

Department of International Relation, Faculty of Humanities, University of Darussalam Gontor, East Java, Indonesia

ERCICSSH1924079

Selvaraj Danielselvan

Director - Health care, Bethany Health care centre, Chennai India

ERCICSSH1924081

Mujtaba Ahmad

Advocate, District Courts Attock, Punjab University, Attock, Pakistan

ERCICSSH1924085

Fadare Moses

Global Leadership, Kukje the Lological University, South Korea

ERCICSSH1924086

Charles Jideofor Ofodile

Department of Political Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia

ERCICSSH1924099

Kumar Chinnakkannu

District Institute of Education and Training, SCERT Chennai, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India

ERCICSSH1924100

Ramachandran Gurusamy

District Institute of Education and Training, SCERT Chennai, Krishnagiri, Tamilnadu, India

ERCICSSH1924101

Md Akhlakur Rahman

Department of Social Services, Ministry of Social Welfare, Pirojpur, Bangladesh

ERCICSSH1924094

Ahmad Naddaf

Research and Learning Department, Qatar National Library, Al Rayyan, Qatar

ERCICSSH1924097


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Abu Bakar

Education Authorities, Aceh Jaya Government Regency, Aceh, Indonesia

ERCICSSH1924126

Mohammed Ramadan Barry

Business College, African Methodist Episcopal University, Monrovia, Liberia

ERCICSSH1924129

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