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Powerpoint@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk
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Population Growth
Curves
Limiting Factors Affecting
the Population Size
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Carrying capacity
The closer population size gets to the Carrying
Capacity, the greater will be the environment
resistance.
(bioticpotential)
Carrying Capacity
Num
berofIndividuals
Time
ExponentialGrowth
Equilibrium
(environmental resistance)
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At the end of this topic, students should be
able to;
Explain population growth curves
i. Exponential growth curve (human)
ii. Logistic growth curve (Paramecium)
Explain the limiting factors affecting the
population size
i. Density-dependent factors
ii. Density independent factors
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Population growth curve
EXPONENTIAL
CURVE
LOGISTIC GROWTH
CURVE
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Exponential Growth Curve
- Exponential growth refers to
unlimited growth of a
population
- Occurs when environmental
conditions are not limiting
- Reproduce at maximum
biotic potential
- Cause a large population
growth
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Eg: human population
growth
Shows how the increase
of individuals added each
generation
- Very productive agriculture.Raised the K for humans
- Inherited a high birth rate
from ancestors
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S- shaped curve
- Is a result of environmental
resistance
- Which increases in intensityas the population density
increases
- Until it reaches a steadylevel
Achieve its maximum
carrying capacity
e.g: Parameciumpopulation
Logistic Growth Curve
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Logistic Growth Curve
The growth (black
dots) ofParamecium
aureliain a smallculture closely
approximates logistic
growth (red curve) if
the researchermaintains a constant
environment.
(Campbell, 9thedition, page 1225)
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Limiting Factors Affecting the
Population Size
Density-dependent Density-independent
Abiotic FactorsBiotic Factors
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Density-dependent Factors
Predator-prey Competition
Territorial
BehaviorParasitism
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Predator-prey
Higher density of prey populations attract morepredators
Number of prey increase, so does the number of
predators
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When the number of
individuals in a populationincrease.
Compete for food, water and
shelter
Weaker species will
eliminated
Competition
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Some social animals exhibit a territorial behavior- To protect their resource and territory
Territorial Behavior
Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) use a chemical marker in urine towarn other cheetahs of their territorial boundaries. Australiangannets (Morus serrator) defend their territories when nestingby calling and pacing at one another.
(Campbell, 9th
edition, page 1225)
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Spread easier in a high-density population
Parasitism
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Density-independent Factors
Climate
Naturaldisaster Pesticides
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Climate
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Natural Disaster
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Pesticides
Pesticides are used to control agricultural pests
but also run into freshwater streams and ponds
where many animal populations live and breed
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Explain how the following density dependent
limiting factors affect the population size.
- Competition
- Territorial behavior
- Predation
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14.0 Biocatalysis
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