Quest 3:Quest 3:Cells and Cells and
microscopesmicroscopes
NOTESNOTES
Develop a timeline showing dates and scientists that led to this theory. Include the following scientists: Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden, Virchow, Robert Hooke, Van Leeuwenhoek, (remember Redi, and Louis Pasteur add them also).
History of CellsHistory of Cells
Observed cork (oak bark) under the microscope
First to see dead cells
Called them CELLS –they reminded him of the shape of monk dorms in monastery.
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1. Robert Hooke - 1665
Hooke’s Microscope and CellsHooke’s Microscope and Cells
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Anton von Leeuwenhoek- 1674Anton von Leeuwenhoek- 1674Improved the MicroscopeLooked at samples of pond and
drinking waterFirst person to see living
cells (“animalcules”)Protista and other creatures in
water
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150-200 Year Gap???150-200 Year Gap???
Between the Hooke/Leuwenhoek discoveries and the mid 19th century, very little cell advancements were made.
This is probably due to the widely accepted, traditional belief in Spontaneous Generation.
Examples: -Mice from dirty clothes/corn husks-Maggots from rotting meat
Matthias Schleiden - 1838Matthias Schleiden - 1838Plants are made of
cells
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Theodor Schwann - 1839Theodor Schwann - 1839
Animals are made of cells
All organisms are made of cells
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Rudolph Virchow -1855Rudolph Virchow -1855
All cells come from other cells
(no spontaneous generation)
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NOTESNOTES
State the 3 parts of the cell theory.
The Cell TheoryThe Cell Theory1. All living things are made of
cells = A2. Cells are the basic units of
of structure and function in living organisms = B
3. New cells come from preexisting cells = C
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Remember you’re ABC’s!
Modern Cell TheoryModern Cell TheoryModern Cell Theory contains 3 statements, in addition to the original Cell Theory:
The cell contains hereditary information(DNA)
All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.
Cell contain specialized structures (organelles) to perform life functions
NotesNotes
Thinking Question: How did our knowledge of cells evolve with the collaboration among scientists and new technologies? (Modern Cell Theory)
NOTESNOTESDraw the cells in slides 15-17 explaining what
you think their function is related to its structure.
Cells How does their shape relate to their/aid their function
Cell Shape and FunctionCell Shape and FunctionThe shape of the cell is related to the job (function) of the cell
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Cell DiversityCell Diversity
Red and White Blood Cells 16• Muscle cells
Neurons: Neurons: Nervous cellsNervous cells
17
Fat Cells
Draw and label parts of a microscope.
NOTES
Compound Light Microscope◦Light source◦View living tissue◦View up to 0.5 micrometers
How we study cellsHow we study cells
Electron Microscope (EM)◦View smaller than 0.5 micrometers◦Specimen coated in thin layer of metal◦Electron beam used to create image◦TEM (transmission) ◦SEM (scanning) – 3D surface image
ProkaryoticProkaryotic & & EukaryoticEukaryotic Cells Cells
There are 2 basic types of cells◦Prokaryotic◦Eukaryotic
Differences: Presence/absence of nucleus, Presence/absence organelles Small/large size
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NOTESNOTES1. List 3 ways that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are SIMILAR and DIFFERENT. Give an example of
a prokaryotic cell and an example of a eukaryotic cell.
Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells Complex
Have Nucleus
Genetic material (DNA) inside the nucleus
Many membranes
Evolved from prokaryotic cells
Example: cells of plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
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Eukaryotic Cells: Animals Eukaryotic Cells: Animals Many, Small
vacuoles
No cell wall
No chloroplasts
Multicellular
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Various Plant and animal cells
Plant
Animal
NOTESNOTES
Use the next slides to fill in the vocab chart and color the cell pictures
Eukaryotic OrganellesEukaryotic Organelles
Cell membrane: surrounds the outside of the cell
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NucleusNucleus Control center of the cellContains DNA = the genetic
materialDNA has the coded
information to make proteins
Chromosomes are made of DNA
Nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane
The nucleolus is a small region inside the nucleus. Ribosomes are made here.
CytoplasmCytoplasm•The fluid that fills the cell and holds its organelles
•Contains dissolved enzymes and molecules the cell needs to stay alive
•Holds the microtubules and myofilaments that are the cells “skeleton”
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MitochondriaMitochondria Transform the chemical energy of
food (glucose) into energy the cell can use
This process is called cell respiration
Power plant of the cell ALL cells have mitochondria
Lysosome:Lysosome:
Contains digestive Contains digestive enzymes that help enzymes that help break down wastebreak down waste
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Endoplasmic Reticulum = EREndoplasmic Reticulum = ERMade of many folded membranesPlace where lipids and some proteins are assembledThe system of “highways” moves things around the
cell
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Smooth ERSmooth ER
Smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached to it
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Rough ERRough ERER is called rough
because it has ribosomes attached to it – looks bumpy, rough
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RibosomesRibosomes Ribosomes are in charge of making
proteins.
Ribosomes join amino acids together to make proteins
Ribosomes are located free in the cytoplasm OR attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
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Golgi BodyGolgi Body
Golgi modifies, sorts, and packs proteins and other materials for export
Golgi sorts and packs them (Post Office)
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VacuolesVacuolesStore materials such as water, salts, carbohydrates
Animal cells have many small vacuoles
Plant cells have a large central vacuole filled with fluid
Pressure from water in vacuole helps plants maintain the shape. If vacuole is not full plant wilts.
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ChloroplastsChloroplastsCapture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical
energy (sugars)This process is called photosynthesis
FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll (a pigment)
• Chloroplasts are like solar power plants
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Cell WallCell WallProvides support
and protection for the PLANT cell
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose (carbohydrate)
Centrioles- aids in reproduction of the cell
Cytoskeleton-holds hold shape
Flagella- tail-like part helps in movement
Cilia –tiny hairs that helps in movement
NOTESNOTES
1. How are animal and plant cells similar? How are they different?
Types of Eukaryotic organismsTypes of Eukaryotic organisms
NOTESNOTES
Fill in the chart about unicellular organisms (PROTISTS)
Mobility Example drawing
Eukaryotic Cells: ProtistsEukaryotic Cells: Protists
Unicellular One cell satisfies all the needs of the organism
– one cell does everything!!! Grouped by Movement :
A. Flagellum B. Cilia C. Pseudopods
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Protista: EuglenaA. Move using a flagellum, one
long whip-like structure)
Protista: ParameciumB. Move using cilia (short hair-like
structures)
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Protista: Amoeba C. Move using pseudopods (pseudo=false; pods= feet),
projections of the cytoplasm
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PROKARYOTIC CELLS:PROKARYOTIC CELLS: ALL BACTERIA ALL BACTERIA
Simple (primitive)
No Nucleus(Genetic material (DNA) is lose
inside the cell)
No organelles with membranes
The only membrane is the cell membrane
Have ribosomes Have cell wall
Most primitive cells: First cells on Earth
Example: Bacteria (E. coli, Streptococcus) 47
Lactobacillus
Oscillatoria
Types of prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic Cells: BacteriaProkaryotic Cells: Bacteria
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