Quest 3:Quest 3:Cells and Cells and

microscopesmicroscopes

NOTESNOTES

Develop a timeline showing dates and scientists that led to this theory. Include the following scientists: Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden, Virchow, Robert Hooke, Van Leeuwenhoek, (remember Redi, and Louis Pasteur add them also).

History of CellsHistory of Cells

Observed cork (oak bark) under the microscope

First to see dead cells

Called them CELLS –they reminded him of the shape of monk dorms in monastery.

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1. Robert Hooke - 1665

Hooke’s Microscope and CellsHooke’s Microscope and Cells

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Anton von Leeuwenhoek- 1674Anton von Leeuwenhoek- 1674Improved the MicroscopeLooked at samples of pond and

drinking waterFirst person to see living

cells (“animalcules”)Protista and other creatures in

water

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150-200 Year Gap???150-200 Year Gap???

Between the Hooke/Leuwenhoek discoveries and the mid 19th century, very little cell advancements were made.

This is probably due to the widely accepted, traditional belief in Spontaneous Generation.

Examples: -Mice from dirty clothes/corn husks-Maggots from rotting meat

Matthias Schleiden - 1838Matthias Schleiden - 1838Plants are made of

cells

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Theodor Schwann - 1839Theodor Schwann - 1839

Animals are made of cells

All organisms are made of cells

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Rudolph Virchow -1855Rudolph Virchow -1855

All cells come from other cells

(no spontaneous generation)

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NOTESNOTES

State the 3 parts of the cell theory.

The Cell TheoryThe Cell Theory1. All living things are made of

cells = A2. Cells are the basic units of

of structure and function in living organisms = B

3. New cells come from preexisting cells = C

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Remember you’re ABC’s!

Modern Cell TheoryModern Cell TheoryModern Cell Theory contains 3 statements, in addition to the original Cell Theory:

The cell contains hereditary information(DNA)

All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.

Cell contain specialized structures (organelles) to perform life functions

NotesNotes

Thinking Question: How did our knowledge of cells evolve with the collaboration among scientists and new technologies? (Modern Cell Theory)

NOTESNOTESDraw the cells in slides 15-17 explaining what

you think their function is related to its structure.

Cells How does their shape relate to their/aid their function

Cell Shape and FunctionCell Shape and FunctionThe shape of the cell is related to the job (function) of the cell

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Cell DiversityCell Diversity

Red and White Blood Cells 16• Muscle cells

Neurons: Neurons: Nervous cellsNervous cells

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Fat Cells

Draw and label parts of a microscope.

NOTES

Compound Light Microscope◦Light source◦View living tissue◦View up to 0.5 micrometers

How we study cellsHow we study cells

Electron Microscope (EM)◦View smaller than 0.5 micrometers◦Specimen coated in thin layer of metal◦Electron beam used to create image◦TEM (transmission) ◦SEM (scanning) – 3D surface image

ProkaryoticProkaryotic & & EukaryoticEukaryotic Cells Cells

There are 2 basic types of cells◦Prokaryotic◦Eukaryotic

Differences: Presence/absence of nucleus, Presence/absence organelles Small/large size

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NOTESNOTES1. List 3 ways that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are SIMILAR and DIFFERENT. Give an example of

a prokaryotic cell and an example of a eukaryotic cell.

Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells Complex

Have Nucleus

Genetic material (DNA) inside the nucleus

Many membranes

Evolved from prokaryotic cells

Example: cells of plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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Eukaryotic Cells: Animals Eukaryotic Cells: Animals Many, Small

vacuoles

No cell wall

No chloroplasts

Multicellular

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Various Plant and animal cells

Plant

Animal

NOTESNOTES

Use the next slides to fill in the vocab chart and color the cell pictures

Eukaryotic OrganellesEukaryotic Organelles

Cell membrane: surrounds the outside of the cell

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NucleusNucleus Control center of the cellContains DNA = the genetic

materialDNA has the coded

information to make proteins

Chromosomes are made of DNA

Nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane

The nucleolus is a small region inside the nucleus. Ribosomes are made here.

CytoplasmCytoplasm•The fluid that fills the cell and holds its organelles

•Contains dissolved enzymes and molecules the cell needs to stay alive

•Holds the microtubules and myofilaments that are the cells “skeleton”

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MitochondriaMitochondria Transform the chemical energy of

food (glucose) into energy the cell can use

This process is called cell respiration

Power plant of the cell ALL cells have mitochondria

Lysosome:Lysosome:

Contains digestive Contains digestive enzymes that help enzymes that help break down wastebreak down waste

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Endoplasmic Reticulum = EREndoplasmic Reticulum = ERMade of many folded membranesPlace where lipids and some proteins are assembledThe system of “highways” moves things around the

cell

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Smooth ERSmooth ER

Smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached to it

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Rough ERRough ERER is called rough

because it has ribosomes attached to it – looks bumpy, rough

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RibosomesRibosomes Ribosomes are in charge of making

proteins.

Ribosomes join amino acids together to make proteins

Ribosomes are located free in the cytoplasm OR attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

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Golgi BodyGolgi Body

Golgi modifies, sorts, and packs proteins and other materials for export

Golgi sorts and packs them (Post Office)

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VacuolesVacuolesStore materials such as water, salts, carbohydrates

Animal cells have many small vacuoles

Plant cells have a large central vacuole filled with fluid

Pressure from water in vacuole helps plants maintain the shape. If vacuole is not full plant wilts.

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ChloroplastsChloroplastsCapture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical

energy (sugars)This process is called photosynthesis

FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS

• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll (a pigment)

• Chloroplasts are like solar power plants

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Cell WallCell WallProvides support

and protection for the PLANT cell

Plant cell walls are made of cellulose (carbohydrate)

Centrioles- aids in reproduction of the cell

Cytoskeleton-holds hold shape

Flagella- tail-like part helps in movement

Cilia –tiny hairs that helps in movement

NOTESNOTES

1. How are animal and plant cells similar? How are they different?

Types of Eukaryotic organismsTypes of Eukaryotic organisms

NOTESNOTES

Fill in the chart about unicellular organisms (PROTISTS)

Mobility Example drawing

Eukaryotic Cells: ProtistsEukaryotic Cells: Protists

Unicellular One cell satisfies all the needs of the organism

– one cell does everything!!! Grouped by Movement :

A. Flagellum B. Cilia C. Pseudopods

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Protista: EuglenaA. Move using a flagellum, one

long whip-like structure)

Protista: ParameciumB. Move using cilia (short hair-like

structures)

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Protista: Amoeba C. Move using pseudopods (pseudo=false; pods= feet),

projections of the cytoplasm

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PROKARYOTIC CELLS:PROKARYOTIC CELLS: ALL BACTERIA ALL BACTERIA

Simple (primitive)

No Nucleus(Genetic material (DNA) is lose

inside the cell)

No organelles with membranes

The only membrane is the cell membrane

Have ribosomes Have cell wall

Most primitive cells: First cells on Earth

Example: Bacteria (E. coli, Streptococcus) 47

Lactobacillus

Oscillatoria

Types of prokaryotic cells

Prokaryotic Cells: BacteriaProkaryotic Cells: Bacteria

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