C:AVA Tanzania
Andrew Westby, Kolawole Adebayo (Natural Resources Institute, UK)Grace Mahende (TFNC, Tanzania)
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C:AVA strives to reduce rural party by developing a competitive High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) industry based on market-led production and processing
Increase the incomes of more than 100,000 smallholder households and processing employees by improving and developing HQCF
value chains over five years
Why cassava? Why HQCF?–Produced primarily by poor farmers –Drought resistant, flexible in
harvesting and planting, less inputs than other crops, often consider a woman’s crop and hence benefitting them
–Cassava farmers have restricted market access for produce, because roots are perishable, bulky, and expensive to transport
–HQCF is a new opportunity for small-holder farmers and processors
–Less capital equipment investment than e.g. starch; builds on existing processing knowledge
–multiple market outlets for food and industrial use.
Cassava: Adding Value for Africa project
Burkina Faso
Kongo (Zaire)
Central African
Republic
Côte d' Ivoire
Cameroon
Djibouti
AlgeriaEgyptWest Sahara
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gibraltar
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Libya
Morocco
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
NigeriaSudan
Sierra Leone
Senegal
Somalia
Sao Tome and Principe
Chad
Tunisia
Uganda
Angola
Burundi
Botswana
KongoGabon
Ghana
Gambia
Guinea
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mozambique
Namibia
Rwanda
Swaziland
Togo
Tanzania
South Africa*
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Benin
Liberia
Comoros
Seychelles
Mayotte
2
4
10
North Africa
Kenya
• Five countries• Five years• Over 75 partners• Lead partner per
country• Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation
Village Processing Units
Bakeries – replacing wheat with HQCF
Farmers/Farmer Processors
Grow cassava and sell semi-processed product to intermediary
Intermediaries (private sector)
Semi-processed product
HQCF
Roots Grated roots
Value chain
Benefits
Rural areas- Increased farmer incomes
- Employment
Intermediaries- Business opportunity - Employment
End-users:- Increased profitability- Lower consumer prices
Nationally- Reduced imports
Main inputs
- Business development services- Financial services- Technical support in processing- Ensure quality
- Technical support in adopting HQCF-Financial services
- Support farmer organisations- Increase cassava productivity- Support Village Processing Units- Ensure quality
Service providers capacity strengthening
Food processing industry using HQCF
Cassava
Peel/wash
Grate
Press
Dry
Mill and bag HQCF
Cassava grits
Pressed cake
• Established value chains in each of the C:AVA countries.
• Increasing productionof HQCF and other products.
• Increasing numbers of beneficiaries
Progress so far
102009 1211
Total HQCF produced, 2009-2013Tons HQCF
C:AVA in Tanzania
Lead Partner: Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre
Other local partnerships: UPT KIMAS; DALDOS, SIDO
Project location: Southern Tanzania
Cassava production 5.5 million metric tonnes/year
Mkamilo and Jermiah (2005)
Low yields (less
than 10t/ha)• Established 13.5ha of
demonstration plot on cassava agronomy to 36 farmer groups.
• Yield improvement to an average of 15t/ha.
• Upgraded equipment• 18 village processing
groups with food grade equipment capacity.
• Trained in processing
InterventionsSituation at project start
• Low capacity cassava processing equipment and low quality cassava flour
Non-receptive business community (local cassava flour processors)
In Tanzania, C:AVA has developed processing from scratch and overcome a non-receptive business community to help sell farmers improved yields
201211102009
HQCF produced, 2009-2012Tons
Year 1. Mentored intermediary (aggregators).Year 3. Mentored 9 cassava processors
278T in 2012/13 so far.
C:AVA interventions increased cassava root yield led to better profit margins for farmers and processors in Tanzania
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In Tanzania, C:AVA has overcome the geographic distance to end-users by developing a private sector intermediary and by focusing on both local and distant markets
Farmers/village processors.
Producing to volume and moving HQCF from the processing sites to end markets , was difficult.
Intermediate aggregator/processor
Trained 90 rural bakers to expand the local market within
Mtwara.
Mentored intermediary to
bulk and transport. To large markets
Formed village processors network to facilitate
collective action
Biscuit manufacturing purchasing 20t/month
Agro-processors Extending credit to village
processors
Progress to date.
Impact study – next year.
- 62 farmers groups and 37 processors groups
- 3,000 members- 258 tonnes of HQCF so far this
year (6 months).- Increased levels of cassava
production – resilience to external shocks.
- Increased incomes – either as farmers or processors.
- Contributing to dietary diversity- Contribute to paying school and
health bills.201211102009
In Tanzania the HQFC market is under-supplied and huge potential was found for cassava chips (for animal feed)
Case example: Tanzania research study
Imm
edia
te w
ins
Non
-sta
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Long
-term
be
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Definition Potential Market Size (tons of roots p.a.)Opportunities Feasibility– Untapped market
opportunities using HQCF, cassava chips, or other products not requiring significant processing
– Other non-HQCF products that may require significant processing and launch time
– Products that would not be feasible due to costs or investment required
Animal feed (improvedmakopa)
100,000Large scale mills(HQCF)
Biscuit manufacture(HQCF)
Small-scale mills (grits)
30,000
170,000
Traditional beer(improved makopa) 11,000
14,000
75,000Home consumption(HQCF)
Bakeries (HQCF)
50,000
Clear beer (HQCF) 4,400
228,000Native starch (export)
Syrups (beverages / sweets)Starches (paper, paint, textiles, pharmaceuticals)Snacks
There may be significant potential to target the animal feed industry in the near term plus read
demand in the biscuit, bakery and traditional beer sectors
High potential opportunities
Low feasibility
High feasibility
The animal feed sector could be a major demand driver for cassava in Tanzania and Uganda
• Tanzanian poultry population growing 9% annually
• Milk production doubling every 5 years in Tanzania
Sources of animal feed demand- Increased poultry consumption- Increased small scale poultry and dairy
keeping in urban areas- Growing interest in aquaculture
Key issue: sources of
protein
Shrimp – lake by-product
Improved traits – protein and
energy
Country Aggregate potential demand for cassava animal
feed (root equiv’ mt/yr)
Uganda 32,000
Tanzania 170,000
Total 202,000
New small and medium scale poultry feed mills are opening in
Tanzania and Uganda
Improved traditional dried cassava chips (‘Makopa’) would drive demand for cassava in East Africa
Sectors in Tanz and Uganda for improved
Makopa
Aggregate potential immediate demand for
improved chip (root equivalent mt/yr)
Animal feed 200,000
Traditional/clear beer 30-50,000
• Most excess cassava turned into Makopa to prevent total loss
• Quality very poor• Many industries don’t need HQCF
quality flour• Large volumes available quickly• Therefore, ‘improved makopa’
Traditional ‘Makopa’ represents some quality challenges
Large volumes of ‘Makopa’ are traded around the Great Lakes
Inclusion of HQCF in industrial wheat flour could drive cassava demand and replace expensive imports
Country Aggregate potential demand for HQCF as a wheat
replacement(root equivalent mt/yr)
Uganda 120,000
Tanzania 100,000
Total 220,000
Wheat flour replacement strategies
Policy led
Uganda: 10-30% HQCF
Tanzania: 10% HQCF
Bakery industry demand led
Urban and rural bakery sector
Biscuit sector
Wheat flour being delivered to a biscuit
factory in the lake zone – we could replace this
New bakeries are emerging who can use HQCF
Conclusions
• Cassava has an important role in feeding the growing populations of Tanzania
• Quality not just quantity.• Prospect for meeting urban demand for high
quality cassava product and substitute imported products.
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